山东威海农业生态地球化学调查与评价

介绍了威海市农业生态地球化学调查、评价工作取得的一些基本成果和存在的生态地球化学问题。调查与评价结果显示,该区总体上地球化学环境质量优良,Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类土壤占全区总面积的97.49%,Ⅲ类和劣Ⅲ类土壤仅占全区总面积的2.51%,主要分布在乳山市部分地区和荣成市崖西镇,超标元素主要为Cr、Ni、Cu、Cd;浅层地下水大部分元素或指标处于自然低背景含量状态,部分水样Cd、Fe、NO2-、总硬度等超标,已不适合饮用。该区存在的生态地球化学问题有:①山地丘陵区土壤pH值低,且表层土壤具有向强酸、强碱两极化发展的趋势,易引起重金属元素活化,危害人类健康;②沿海地带土地贫瘠,N、P、有机质等营养水平多属缺乏级;③乳山市和人口密集的乡镇地带表层土壤Hg、Cd、Pb、Zn等重金属污染严重。地质高背景、酸性表生环境和工业污染的共同作用,是造成环境中重金属元素含量较高的主要原因。     

Calcium carbonate precipitation induced by a bacterium strain isolated from an oligotrophic cave in Central China

A heterotrophic Bacillus sp. strain (5C-1) was isolated from Heshang cave, an oligotrophic karst cave in the middle reaches of Yangtze River, and identified by BIOLOG and 16S rDNA sequencing. Bacterially induced formation of calcium carbonate by 5C-1 was investigated in several comparative experimental sets with or without the cell and extracellular enzymes. The temporal variations of both the amount of the precipitates and the pH values of the solution were measured by a spectrophotometer and a pH meter, respectively. The morphological characteristics of the calcium carbonate precipitates were observed with environmental scanning electronic microscopy (ESEM). The growth of 5C-1 was found to greatly promote the pH value of the liquid medium in the first 2 days, which favors the formation of calcium carbonate. No precipitates were formed with the pH value lower than 8.6, though the pH value was demonstrated to be not the only factor controlling the formation of the calcium carbonate. The accumulation of extracellular polysaccharide substance was observed to favor the precipitate formation. Only when both factors reached a threshold did the precipitates form with the addition of CaCl₂. Cells and extracellular enzymes were not the factors that limit the precipitate formation in our microbial systems. The precipitates of a variety of morphological features including dumb bells, peanuts, irregular and spherical and rhombic forms were mainly observed in our microbial systems but not in the chemical control system. Interestingly, imprints of bacterial cells and spores were observed to be present on the surface of the precipitates of a peanut or a dumb bell form, probably indicative of the microbial escaping mechanism during the mineralization of calcium carbonate.     

利用Access97编制科技论文登记及统计数据库

介绍利用Access97编制科技论文登记数据库的具体过程及使用方法。通过该数据库，可以及时将发表的科技论文入库。当论文全部入库后，可以方便地进行查询及统计，从而得出有效的数据，大大提高了工作效率。     

江西煤炭资源勘查现状及前景分析

江西煤田地质勘探的形势是严峻的，后备煤炭资源严重不足。无可供建井设计利用的精查储量，无可供精查的详查储量，可供详查的普查储量少，可供普查的找煤储量更少。地质勘探的找煤、普查与详查比例严重失调，许多矿井又面临资源枯竭、按替困难的局面。江西仍有较多的煤田勘探靶区需要勘探验证，煤炭工业有广阔的市场。希望政府采取各种措施加大对煤田地质勘探的投入。     

EH4电磁成像系统在中西部岩溶区地下水勘查中的应用

简要介绍了EH4电磁成像系统,特点，工作方法。通过在中国西部岩溶区陕西，宁南，内蒙阿拉善的应用实例和效果。说明在中国西部干旱缺水地区，该系统是一种有效的找水方法。     

冀北地区岩石极化率特征及其找矿意义

介绍在东经114°～120°和北纬39°00′～42°30′的范围内岩石极化率研究的成果。数值统计结果显示,798件沉积岩的平均极化率为2.40%,1149件火成岩的极化率为2.99%,436件变质岩的极化率为3.59%,因此,变质岩是本区较好的金属矿矿源。空间分布上,与沉积作用密切相关的煤矿主要分布在沉积岩高极化率地区,变质铁矿主要分布在变质岩高极化率地区,内生金矿则主要分布在火成岩高极化率地区。因此认为,主要矿产地的分布与极化率高值区的分布在空间上大体一致,岩石极化率反映了矿源物质的总体背景。     

Devonian Frasnian-Famennian Transitional Milankovitch Cycles and High-Resolution Stratigraphic Correlation

Four hierarchical cyclothems, superbundlesets, bundlesets, bundles and laminae, have been identified from the Devonian Frasnian-Famennian carbonate strata in Guangxi, South China. Their hierarchical structures, ratio relationships and sequence in conodont zones are continuous and stable and can be traced across different facies zones and sedimentary basins. Our data show that hierarchically organized superbundlesets, bundlesets, bundles and laminae correspond to the long eccentricity, eccentricity, obliquity or precession and sub-Milankovitch cycles respectively. Their periods were 400,000, 100,000, 33,333, 16,667 and 8,000-17,000 a, respectively. The ratios of long eccentricity to eccentricity, eccentricity to obliquity, and eccentricity to precession in the Devonian are 1:4, 1:3 and 1:6 respectively. Using these hierarchical Milankovitch cyclothems, chronostratigraphical division and correlation can be realized at a resolution of 100 ka or 10 ka at the Frasnian-Famennian transition. The time intervals     

折射波地震记录叠加成像方法研究

多次覆盖折射波地震勘探是用来追踪反射波成像质量较差地区的地质构造或用于追踪深层基底形态及研究基岩面的一种勘探方法.基于折射波理论，用折射地震记录中的折射波对地下折射界面进行成像，应用共深度折射面元叠加成像理论方法，给出用共深度折射面元叠加成像技术对地下折射界面进行成像的速度分析与动校正计算方法，提出一种适用于折射波发育探区的共深度折射点叠加成像方法，最后以模型和实际例子说明方法的正确性和实用性.     

塔里木沙漠公路不同固沙体系的性能和成本比较

建立固沙体系是保障塔里木沙漠公路畅通的首要条件。通过比较塔里木沙漠公路不同沙体系的性能和成本后认为，尽管采用植物固沙的成本比采用机械固沙或化学固沙的成本高1－3倍，但植物固沙体系的固沙性能、防护年限要远优于机械固沙体系和化学固沙体系；在塔里木沙漠公路固沙工程中，机械固沙应作为一种临时性的、辅助性的固沙手段，植物固沙（栽植灌木固沙带）适于作为塔里木沙漠公路永久的固沙体系，化学固沙在塔里木沙漠公路的边坡固沙及零断面处固沙有较好的应用背景。     

Evaluation on the accuracy of digital elevation models

There is a growing interest in investigating the accuracy of digital elevation model (DEM). However people usually have an unbalanced view on DEM errors. They emphasize DEM sampling errors, but ignore the impact of DEM resolution and terrain roughness on the accuracy of terrain representation. This research puts forward the concept of DEM terrain representation error (Et) and then investigates the generation, factors, measurement and simulation of DEM terrain representation errors. A multi-resolution and multi-relief comparative approach is used as the major methodology in this research. The experiment reveals a quantitative relationship between the error and the variation of resolution and terrain roughness at a global level. Root mean square error (RMS Et) is regressed against surface profile curvature (V) and DEM resolution (R) at 10 resolution levels. It is found that the RMS Et may be expressed as RMS Et = (0.0061 × V+ 0.0052) × R - 0.022 × V + 0.2415. This result may be very useful in forecasting DEM accuracy, as well as in determining the DEM resolution related to the accuracy requirement of particular application.