Antarctic Radiosonde Observations Reduce Uncertainties and Errors in Reanalyses and Forecasts over the Southern Ocean:An Extreme Cyclone Case

Cyclones with strong winds can make the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic a dangerous environment. Accurate weather forecasts are essential for safe shipping in the Southern Ocean and observational and logistical operations at Antarctic research stations. This study investigated the impact of additional radiosonde observations from Research Vessel "Shirase" over the Southern Ocean and Dome Fuji Station in Antarctica on reanalysis data and forecast experiments using an ensemble data assimilation s...     

Spatial distribution of organic matter in the Bells CM2 chondrite using near‐field infrared microspectroscopy

Abstract– Distributions of organic functional groups as well as inorganic features were analyzed in the Bells (CM2) carbonaceous chondrite using near‐field infrared (NFIR) spectroscopy. NFIR spectroscopy has recently been developed to enable infrared spectral mapping beyond the optical diffraction limit of conventional Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy. NFIR spectral mapping of the Bells 300 nm thick sections on Al plates for 7.5 × 7.5 μm² areas showed some C‐H‐rich areas which were considered to represent the organic‐rich areas. Heterogeneous distributions of organic matter as well as those of inorganic phases such as silicates (Si‐O) were observed with 1 μm spatial resolution. The NFIR mappings of aliphatic C‐H (2960 and 2930 cm^?1) and structural OH (3650 cm^?1) confirm that organic matter is associated with phyllosilicates as previously suggested. The NFIR mapping method can provide 1 μm spatial distribution of organic functional groups and their association with minerals. High local sensitivity of NFIR enables us to find organic‐rich areas and to characterize them by their aliphatic CH₂/CH₃ ratios. The aliphatic CH₂/CH₃ ratio of Bells is slightly higher than Murchison, similar to Orgueil, and lower than literature values of IDPs and cometary dust particles.     

午后极光强度与行星际磁场的相关

利用1997年和199年南极中山站多通道扫描光度计的地面观测数据和WIND卫星在弓激波上游对行星际磁场(IMF)的观测数据,对午后高纬极光强度与IMF各分量、以及时钟角之间的相关进行了定量研究. 统计表明,630nm的强度Ir随IMF Bx的增大而减小,其线性相关系数为-0.3;而557.7nm的变化趋势与此相反,其相关系数要低得多. 630nm的强度随IMF By的变化曲线为一"V"形结构,其谷底在By=-3nT附近;557.7nm的强度也有相似的变化趋势,其谷底的位置在By=-2nT附近. 极光强度随IMF Bz的变化曲线为一倒着的"Z"字形结构. 630nm的强度随IMF的模B的增大而增强,其线性相关系数达到0.9,而557.7nm与B之间的相关性要差得多. 极光强度随IMF时钟角的变化曲线为一倒"V"结构,其反转点在θ=130°附近.     

青藏高原西部重力异常剖面拟合及其地质解释

在青藏高原西部地区沿东经80°和83°选择了2条剖面,在地质资料、物性资料和布格重力异常、航磁异常研究的基础上,结合深部地球物理, 建立了剖面的地质-地球物理模型。通过重力联合人机交互正演模拟,求解地下地质体的模型,并依此对剖面通过地段的地壳结构、断裂带深部特征和构造单元的深部格架进行了解释推断。     

福建双旗山金矿床金矿化及有机地球化学特征

将双旗山金矿矿化类型划分为石英脉型和蚀变岩型。通过分析测试不同矿化类型、不同地质体、不同开采中段岩矿石样品的有机烃类组分和金含量，认为有机烃类组分和金矿化有着密切的成因联系，在含量上呈反比。因此，有机烃类组分低值异常可以作为该矿床地球化学找矿评价指标。     

西藏过铝花岗岩的岩石化学特征及成因探讨

西藏班公湖—改则—安多—怒江带一线以南分布有61个主要过铝花岗岩体,其岩石类型主要有电气石花岗岩、白云母花岗岩和二云母花岗岩,它们的主量元素组成为SiO2=65.70%~79.52%、K2O Na2O=2.20%~12.51%、K2O/Na2O=0.49~1.04及A/CNK=1.04~1.38。随着SiO2的增加,岩石中Al2O3逐渐下降,而其他的氧化物较离散。岩石系列主要为含钾较高的钙碱性系列,具典型的(强)过铝花岗岩特征。铝饱和指数图解、QAP图解投点大多数落在CCG区,表明其为大陆碰撞构造环境。Ab-Or-Q-H2O相图表明过铝花岗岩形成的压力为0.05~0.2GPa,推断温度低于700℃。根据岩石化学分析,可以得出这样的推论,西藏过铝花岗岩类发生在两个大陆地壳板块的碰撞阶段,源岩来源于上地壳的重熔,成因为S型花岗岩。其中南冈底斯带和拉轨岗日带具有许多相似的性质,这些相似的性质可能暗示二者有相同的岩浆源区或(和)相同的构造环境。     

太湖流域地表水资源分质评价及水质型缺水形势分析

太湖流域水资源供需矛盾主要体现为"水质型缺水"问题,如何对"水质型缺水"进行定量描述,在太湖流域是一个难题.本文提出了"分质水资源量"的概念,以流域水资源四级分区为单元,以分区水质监测资料结合水资源量进行分析,分别统计分区分质水资源量.分析表明:太湖流域142×10⁸ m³的地表水资源量中,Ⅲ类以上的适合于饮用水源和一般工业用水的优质水为35.8×10⁸ m³,占25.2%;适合于电力冷却用水、农业灌溉的Ⅳ-Ⅴ类水为46.4×10⁸ m³,占32.6%;不可利用的劣Ⅴ类水有59.9×10⁸ m³,占42.2%.流域内优于Ⅴ类(含Ⅴ类)的地表水资源量为82.2×10⁸ m³,占地表水总资源量的57.8%.而浅层地下水己基本被污染.需要指出,Ⅰ-Ⅲ类优质水虽仍有35.8×10⁸ m³,但目前流域内对Ⅰ-Ⅲ类水的需求量己达60.6×10⁸ m³,如将此两数对比,则优质水缺额为24.8×10⁸ m³,但实际上,优质水的需求主要集中在流域中下游,而可供优质水水源则主要集中在流域上游地区山区水库和中游太湖湖心区、东部湖区和太浦河,供需两者的空间分布有较大出入,因此优质水资源缺额将更大,由此可见太湖流域水质型缺水形势十分严峻.