有色金属矿山可持续发展找矿预测方法与应用

根据我国有色金属矿产资源人均拥有量低、贫矿多、富矿少等特点，提出了一套适合于有色金属矿山可持续发展的综合找矿预测新技术、新方法，即以最新地质找矿理论为基础，进行坑道(井)物探和化探(包括原岩吸附烃、吸附相态汞、电吸附、构造地球化学等)及遥感矿化蚀变信息提取等综合研究，对矿床(田)深边部及近外围进行找矿评价，并以湖南水口山康家湾矿区为例，论证了其找矿预测思路的可行性及综合研究方法的有效性。     

Aircraft observation of carbon dioxide at 8–13 km altitude over the western Pacific from 1993 to 1999

Abstract The spatial and temporal variations of atmospheric CO₂ at 8–13 km from April 1993 to April 1999 were observed by measuring CO₂ mixing ratios in samples collected biweekly from a commercial airliner between Australia and Japan. The CO₂ growth rate showed a considerable interannual variation, with a maximum of about 3 ppm yr⁻¹ during late 1997. This variation is related to the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) events. A year-to-year change related to the ENSO events was also found in the latitudinal distribution pattern of the CO₂ annual mean between 30°N and 30°S. The averaged CO₂ seasonal cycle in the Northern Hemisphere gradually decayed toward the equator, and a relatively complicated variation with a double seasonal maximum appeared in the Southern Hemisphere. A significant yearly change of the seasonal cycle pattern was observed in the Southern Hemisphere. The impact of a tropical biomass-burning injection on the upper tropospheric CO₂ was estimated on the basis of the CO data from the same airliner observation.     

Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Compositions of Calcite and Rhodochrosite from Geothermal Exploratory Drills TH‐4 and TH‐6 near the Toyoha Deposit,Hokkaido, Japan

We studied calcite and rhodochrosite from exploratory drill cores (TH‐4 and TH‐6) near the Toyoha deposit, southwestern Hokkaido, Japan, from the aspect of stable isotope geochemistry, together with measuring the homogenization temperatures of fluid inclusions. The alteration observed in the drill cores is classified into four zones: ore mineralized zone, mixed‐layer minerals zone, kaolin minerals zone, and propylitic zone. Calcite is widespread in all the zones except for the kaolin minerals zone. The occurrence of rhodochrosite is restricted in the ore mineralized zone associated with Fe, Mn‐rich chlorite and sulfides, the mineral assemblage of which is basically equivalent to that in the Toyoha veins. The measured δ¹⁸O_SMOW and δ¹³C_PDB values of calcite scatter in the relatively narrow ranges from ?2 to 5‰ and from ?9 to ?5‰, respectively; those of rhodochrosite from 3 to 9‰ and from ?9 to ?5‰, excluding some data with large deviations. The variation of the isotopic compositions with temperature and depth could be explained by a mixing process between a heated surface meteoric water (100°C δ¹⁸O =?12‰, δ¹³C =?10‰) and a deep high temperature water (300°C, δ¹⁸O =?5‰, δ¹³C =?4‰). Boiling was less effective in isotopic fractionation than that of mixing. The plots of δ¹⁸O and δ¹³C indicate that the carbonates precipitated from H₂CO₃‐dominated fluids under the conditions of pH = 6–7 and T = 200–300°C. The sequential precipitation from calcite to rhodochrosite in a vein brought about the disequilibrium isotopic fractionation between the two minerals. The hydrothermal fluids circulated during the precipitation of carbonates in TH‐4 and TH‐6 are similar in origin to the ore‐forming fluids pertaining to the formation of veins in the Toyoha deposit.     

Long-range transport of carbon monoxide from tropical ground to upper troposphere: a case study for South East Asia in October 1997

High concentrations of carbon monoxide (CO) were observed in October 1997 at the upper troposphere of the western tropical Pacific. Transport from the potential sources of CO due to biomass burnings in the tropics was investigated by using a global chemical transport model (CTM) driven by assimilated meteorological data provided from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). A CTM evaluation simulation using water vapor showed that the amount of vertical transport of moisture by large-scale flow was consistent with the precipitation predicted at the convective zone. A series of CTM simulations using 10-day emission periods of an artificial material with lifetime of 60 days indicated that vertical lifting of surface air at the Indonesian archipelago occurred in the concentrated convections west of Sumatra Island. No evidence was found that CO from the Amazon region or Africa significantly contributed to high concentrations in the western tropical Pacific. Transport formed a large-scale anvil below the tropopause by rapid vertical transport and by divergence flow. The average time required for the transport from Kalimantan and Sumatra Island to the point of high CO concentration was about 15 days. High concentrations at an altitude of 10 km in the Southern Hemisphere were transported by large-scale subsidence from the upper tropospheric maximum, which was presumably produced from the sources at Kalimantan and Sumatra Island. Estimated emissions of CO in September and October from Kalimantan and Sumatra were substantially larger than the previous estimates. Omission of chemical reaction was a possible problem for the overestimate, but not significant. The possible problems in the transport were incorrect CTM transport due to insufficient horizontal (2.5×2.5°) and vertical resolution of the CTM, and to inaccuracy in the wind fields at the upper part of the troposphere and a divergent flow pattern in the upper part of the troposphere.     

基于相似系数和R/S分析方法的 闽台产业同构性

产业同构化可能造成区域间产业升级优化和彼此合作发展的瓶颈。选取闽台为研究对象,从三次产业、制造业和第三产业内部结构三个方面着手,应用相似系数指标,分别从静态与动态的角度分析闽台产业同构的现状与变化,并在此基础上,依据分形理论中的R/S分析方法,预测两地产业同构化的未来发展趋势。结果显示,闽台产业同构现象显著,如果在原有条件下继续发展,未来三次产业同构化程度将继续加大,制造业相似性总体上将呈现波动加强态势,第三产业结构同构化程度继续缓慢减小。然而闽台产业同构具有其内在必然性,相似的资源禀赋、日益接近的经济发展水平以及日益紧密的经济联系对产业同构的形成产生了正面影响;同时,产业同构也揭示了闽台产业分工已经由垂直分工向水平分工方向发展。因此宏观层面的产业同构未必给闽台未来经济合作产生明显的负面影响。     

双旗山金矿的深部找矿预测研究

根据对双旗山金矿的矿化类型和控矿地质条件研究,作者认为,受近SN或NNE向扭性密集裂隙带控制的蚀变岩型金矿化是矿区深部找矿的主要目标,黄铁绢英岩化、硅化和绢云母化是重要的找矿标志.     

Numerical analysis of the interaction of soil-structure under earthquake loading

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