粘土矿物成因及对砂岩储集性能的影响

粘土矿物是影响砂岩储集性能的重要因素。结合实例讨论了粘土矿物成因、绝对含量、成分、产状及晶体形态等与砂岩储集性能的关系。研究表明,粘土矿物对砂岩储集性能的影响程度与砂岩本身的成熟度有关。当砂岩成熟度高时,随粘土矿物绝对含量的增加,其储集性能降低,尤其是渗透率降低;但高成熟度砂岩随高岭石和充填状粘土矿物含量增高,物性相对变好。当砂岩的结构和成分成熟度比较低时,粘土矿物对其储集物性影响较小,而主要与岩石本身的成分和结构有关。研究还表明,不同形态的伊利石对砂岩的物性影响也不同,片状伊利石有利于改善储层物性,而纤维状和发丝状伊利石增多会使砂岩储集物性降低或变为非储层。     

秦岭造山带金矿床类型与构造背景

独具特色的秦岭复合型大陆造山带位于中国南北大陆中央,由古生代盆－岛兼杂的小型陆块及其南北缝合构造带组成,并与华北和扬子大陆碰撞镶嵌,中一新生代陆内造山形成山盆耦合,构成独特的地质构造格局,造成了闻名于世的秦岭成矿带,形成贵金属,有色与黑色金属为特色的丰富矿产资源,根据秦岭造山带的组成与结构,阐述本区造山－成矿作用机制下在不同构造单元中形成的复杂的金矿床类型,分析了秦岭造山带金矿类型产出的地质背景,分布规律及成矿潜力。     

裂陷盆地洼槽演化规律研究——以歧口凹陷西部为例

裂陷盆地中洼槽的演化规律对烃灶的分布及生烃能力具有明显控制作用。歧口凹陷在古近纪经历了两期两向的裂陷活动,洼槽结构较为复杂,裂陷Ⅰ幕,在NW-SE向伸展作用下,形成了多个NE-NNE向洼槽;至裂陷Ⅱ幕,受N-S向伸展作用,NE-NNE向断层活动性逐渐减弱,NE-NNE向洼槽开始萎缩。本文基于控洼断层的空间组合样式及传播方式、洼槽内层序界面的接触关系,建立洼槽演化的3种模式;结合典型地震剖面、地层厚度图、控洼断层断距—距离曲线等相关证据,识别出歧口凹陷洼槽的演化规律。其中,歧南洼槽属于“生长连接型洼槽演化模式”,板桥洼槽属于“固定长度型洼槽演化模式”,而歧北洼槽属于“侧列叠覆型洼槽演化模式”。     

义马新安煤矿特大型奥灰突水的治理

采用“上阻、中栏、下堵”的立体堵水方法，封堵了义马新安煤矿1995年11月5日发生的特大型（4257m3／h）奥灰突水通道，解放被淹矿井，堵水效果良好。     

5′-硝基水杨基荧光酮与锆显色反应及其应用

在００８～０１０ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ介质中,溴化十六烷基三甲铵（ＣＴＭＡＢ）存在下,Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）与５′＿硝基水杨基荧光酮（５′＿ＮＳＦ）发生显色反应,形成１∶４的桔红色络合物,λｍａｘ＝５４０ｎｍ,ε为１４６×１０５Ｌ·ｍｏｌ－１·ｃｍ－１,Ｚｒ（Ⅳ）含量在０～０５ｍｇ／Ｌ符合比尔定律。方法用于氧化铝及陶瓷釉料中锆的测定,结果与ＩＣＰ＿ＡＥＳ法相符,ＲＳＤ（ｎ＝５）在１３％～３７％。     

鄂尔多斯盆地东北部构造热演化史的磷灰石裂变径迹分析

运用磷灰石裂变径迹(AFT)分析的构造热年代学研究方法,系统探讨鄂尔多斯盆地东北部不同区段中新生代以来的热演化历史,为盆地东北部石油和天然气等多种沉积能源矿产的勘探预测提供新的约束条件。模拟结果表明:盆地东北部经历了250~150 Ma缓慢埋藏增温过程,平均增温速率为0.9℃/Ma;150~120 Ma为快速增温阶段,平均增温速率高达2.1℃/Ma,地层温度达到最高,且均大于130℃。之后不同区段经历差异降温过程:北缘露头区经历了120~65 Ma快速降温,平均冷却速率约1.3℃/Ma;65~10 Ma缓慢降温,平均冷却速率约为0.4℃/Ma。南缘露头区及盆地沉降区则经历了120~30 Ma缓慢降温,平均冷却速率约为0.9℃/Ma;30~10 Ma快速降温,平均冷却速率约为1.5℃/Ma。10 Ma以来,盆地东北部整体抬升冷却,平均冷却速率约6.5℃/Ma。分析结果认为燕山中期构造热事件之最高热增温作用的关键时刻为(120±10)Ma,促成鄂尔多斯盆地东北部主要烃源岩层系的成熟生烃和大规模油气成藏。在后期的差异抬升冷却过程中,北缘露头区在65 Ma±通过了110℃等温面,南缘露头区及盆地的沉降区在30 Ma±通过了110℃等温面,有利于相邻地区原生油气藏的积聚和保存,古近纪晚期(30 Ma)尤其是新近纪晚期近10 Ma以来的强烈构造抬升作用有可能是引发原生油气藏调整—改造和次生成藏的关键因素。     

Assessing vegetation dynamics and their relationships with climatic variability in Heilongjiang province, northeast China

In this study, the vegetation dynamics in Heilongjiang province and their relationships with climate variability were assessed using normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and meteorological datasets from 1981 to 2003. The conclusions from our results are as follows: (1) After 1981, vegetation cover, as indicated by the NDVI, exhibited an insignificant increasing tendency. However, the inter-annual variations of the NDVI showed apparent spatial differentiations. (2) The inter-annual changes of the NDVI were different from season to season. The spring and autumn NDVI values increased, while the summer and winter NDVI decreased. (3) The annual NDVI was significantly correlated with precipitation. Thus, as compared to temperature, precipitation was the dominant climatic factor affecting the vegetation dynamics in Heilongjiang province. (4) The trend in the NDVI showed a marked homogeneity corresponding to regional and seasonal variations in climate. Additionally, land use changes also play an important role in influencing the NDVI trends over some regions. All of these findings will enrich our knowledge of the natural forces that impact the stability of boreal ecosystems and provide a scientific basis for the environmental management in Heilongjiang province in response to climate change and human activities.     

Study on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin

Studies on rain-runoff process in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin, which is regarded as a key ecological shelter, will contribute to flood control and environmental protection for the Upper Yangtze River Basin. In two typical catchments--the Fujiang River Catchment and the Wujiang River Catchment, rainfall simulations have been conducted to study the rain-runoff processes of yellow soil and limestone soil in three types of land use--forestland, farmland and grassland. Results showed that （1） within the same rainfall process, overland flow occurs first on farmland, then on grassland, and finally on forestland; （2） soil surface coverage has a great impact on the occurrence and amount of overland flow. The runoff amount can increase 2-4 times after the coverage is removed; （3） the infiltration before the occurrence of overland flow will decrease because of higher gravel contents of soil, but it takes no effect on infiltration once overland flow becomes stable; （4） the runoff coefficient of the limestone soil forestland is greater than that of the yellow soil forest land, but less than that of the farmland; （5） three empirical infiltration models, including Horton＇ model, Kostiakov＇ model, and modified Kostiakov＇ model, were compared by using the observed results under rainfall simulation. The results showed that the Kostiakov＇ model performed better than both the Horton＇ model and modified Kostiakov model. According to the results of this research, the Kostiakov＇s model can be used to simulate rainfall infiltration when water erosion is modeled in the peripheral mountainous area of the Sichuan Basin.     

赤柏松No.1含镍基性岩体中矿物界生(Synantectic)现象浅析

在两种相邻矿物边界上生长出第三种矿物的现象称为界生。界生现象在长白山区赤柏松镍矿田诸含镍基性辉长苏长岩岩体中广泛发育。通过研究,作者提出界生现象的多种成因观点,并在矿物学、矿物化学与热力学研究的基础上把界生现象区分为原生与次生两大类。研究不同成因的界生现象可提供大量地质成因信息,用手成岩成矿作用的研究。     

五十年创业成果丰硕继承伟业再创辉煌--纪念北京矿产地质研究院成立五十周年

52年前,1955年6月18日北京矿产地质研究院宣告成立,开始了创新创业的历程.