翘嘴红鲌(Erythroculter ilishaeformis Bleeker)种群遗传多样性的RAPD分析

采用RAPD技术对翘嘴红鲌养殖群体进行了DNA多态性检测.共采用40个随机引物进行扩增,其中14个引物可获得清晰且重复性好的扩增图谱,共扩增出121个RAPD位点,具有多态现象的位点为40个,多态位点比例为33.06%.翘嘴红鲌群体的遗传相似系数为 0.8878-0.9600,平均为0.9201,遗传变异度为0.0799.Shannon多样性指数为10.8824,Shannon多样性值为0.0899.研究表明,翘嘴红鲌目前的种质资源状况令人堪忧,改变目前人工繁育模式,建立原种、良种场,丰富物种遗传多样性是资源保护的基础.     

PSEUDO-STATIC ANALYSIS FOR DYNAMIC DEFORMATION BEHAVIORS OF OFFSHORE GRAVITY PLATFORM FOUNDATIONS

Based on the analysis of cyclic triaxial test for the South-Sea sand, a comprehensive normalized model of soil stress-strain relationship is presented herein, which includes effects of not only initial stress states but also loading cycles. Consequently, a pseudo-static procedure to analyse the deformation behavior of foundations is suggested. Example of calculations shows that the suggested procedure is convenient in application.     

Spatial and temporal variability of heat content above the thermocline in the tropical Pacific Ocean

Abstract-Heat content of the upper layer above the 20℃ isotherm in the tropical Pacific Ocean isestimated by using the sea temperature data set with a resolution 2°latitude×5°longitude (1980～1993)for the water depths (every 10 m) from 0 m to 400 m, and its temporal and spatial variabilities are an-alyzed. (1) The temporal variability indicates that the total heat in the upper layer of the equatorial Pa-cific Ocean is charcterized by the interannual variability. The time series of the equatorial heat anomaly5 months lead that of the El Nino index at the best positive lag correlation between the two, and theformer 13 months lag behind the latter at their best negative lag correlation. Therefore the equatorialheat content can be used as a better predictor than the El Nino index for a warm or cold event. In addi-tion, it is also found that less heat anomaly in the equator corresponds to the stronger warm events inthe period (1980～1993) and much more heat was accumulated in the 4 years including 1992/1     

中国多金属结核开辟区东、西两小区小型底栖动物的空间分布

利用 1 998年“大洋一号”调查船 DY95 - 8航次在中国多金属结核开辟区东、西两小区用多管取样器采集的沉积物样品 ,对小型底栖动物的组成、分布及其与环境因子的关系进行了研究。结果表明 :(1 )东、西两小区共有 1 6个类群的小型底栖动物 ,其中线虫类占居显著优势 ,在东、西两小区各占总栖息密度的 71 %和 6 4 %,其次为猛水蚤类和蜱螨类。 (2 )东、西两小区小型底栖动物类群平均栖息密度分别为 3 2 .47ind/1 0 cm2 和 1 8.0 5 ind/1 0 cm2 ,东小区高于西小区。小区各站位间的栖息密度平面分布差异显著。 (3 )东、西两小区小型底栖动物类群栖息密度的垂直分布趋势明显 ,由表层向底层 ,栖息密度逐渐降低。 (4)东、西两小区小型底栖动物空间分布与底质沉积物、结核覆盖率和底层流等环境因子密切相关 ,底质较硬、结核覆盖率较高以及底层流较强都不利于小型底栖动物的栖息。     

化学物质对硬壳蛤幼虫变态的诱导

用KCl、肾上腺素（EPI）、去甲肾上腺素（NE）、L—DOPA和GABA（γ-氨基丁酸）进行了不同浓度不同处理时间对硬壳蛤（Mercenaria mercenaria L ）幼虫变态诱导实验。结果表明，KCl、肾上腺素、去甲肾上腺素和DDOPA对硬壳蛤幼虫的变态均有诱导作用，而GABA的诱导作用不显著。KCl的最佳诱导浓度随处理时间不同而有所不同。处理时间为1～24，48，72h时KCl的最佳诱导浓度分别为33．56，20．13～26．85，13．42mmol／L。肾上腺素和去甲肾上腺素的诱导作用与浓度和处理时间均有关。肾上腺素的最佳处理浓度为100μmol／L，最佳处理时间均为8h，此时幼虫变态率提高最大，为36．97个百分点。当去甲肾上腺素的诱导浓度为100μmol／L，处理时间为8～16h时，幼虫变态率提高也较大，均大于18个百分点，死亡率增加，但均低于30个百分点，当去甲肾上腺素诱导浓度为500μmol／L时，虽然在8～16h的处理时间范围内，幼虫变态提高率也较大，均大于18个百分点，但当处理时间超过8h，在16～48h范围内，幼虫死亡率提高明显增大，均大于50个百分点。L-DOPA的适宜诱导浓度为10～50μmol／L，适宜处理时间为8～24h，此时幼虫变态率均提高30个百分点以上，最高可提高79．43个百分点。GABA的诱导作用较弱，最佳诱导浓度随处理时间的不同而有所不同，处理时间为24h和48h时，最佳诱导浓度为0．1μmol／L；处理时间为0．5～16h时，最佳诱导浓度为100μmol／L。     

In-Situ Observation of Fluid Mud in the North Passage of Yangtze Estuary, China

Observations of fluid mud were made in the lower North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary in February 2000, on 10 -11 August 2000, on 30 - 31 August 2000 (after two strong typhoons), on 21 - 24 August 2000 (neap tide) and on 3 -6 September 2000 (mean tide) respectively. In situ data show that the fluid mud in this area consists of fine cohesive sediment (median size 7.23 μm). The formation and movement of fluid mud varied during the neap-spring and flood-ebb tidal cycle. Observations suggest that fluid mud phenomena in this area may be categorised in a three-fold manner as slack water, storm and saltwedge features. The thickness of the fluid mud layer of slack water during the neap tide ranged from 0.2 to 0.96 m, whereas during the mean tide, the thickness ranged from 0.17 to 0.73 m, and the thickness of the fluid mud layer was larger during slack water than at the flood peak. Shoals cover an area of 800 km^2 with a water depth smaller than 5 m. Erosion of these extensive intertidal mudflats due to storm action provides an abundant sediment source. This is particularly significant in this estuary when the tidal level is lower than 5 m. The lower North Passage is a typical zone of saltwater wedging, so the saltwedge fluid mud has the most extensive spatial range in the estuary.     

台湾海峡野生牙鲆人工育苗技术研究

报道了2004年3月对产自台湾海峡的野生牙鲆(Paralichthys olivaceus)进行人工育苗的研究结果。共获153万粒受精卵,孵出仔鱼140.8万尾,孵化率达92%,在育苗水温为20~24℃,海水盐度为26~31的条件下,经63 d培育,育出全长3.8~5.5 cm的幼鱼53.39万尾,成活率为37.9%。     

气溶胶光学厚度的时空变化

在大气中气溶胶微粒是一种重要的大气微量成分。气溶胶光学厚度也是大气校正所需的重要大气参数，同时也是海洋水色卫星主要的数据产品。由于气溶胶光学厚度的时空变化较大，所以如何准确获取大气校正和卫星数据产品真实性检验所需的气溶胶光学厚度则是至关重要的。在简述气溶胶光学性质的基础上，并结合2002年6月HY—1南海实验数据来阐述现场气溶胶光学厚度的准确获取。     

坚强芽孢杆菌对凡纳滨对虾幼体变态的影响

研究比较了坚强芽孢杆菌Bacillus firmusZOU4菌株对数期细胞和孢子在不同加菌量、次数及不同幼体期加菌对凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannam ei幼体无节Ⅲ期到溞状Ⅱ期变态的影响。结果表明,多次加入高数量对数期细胞或孢子对无节Ⅲ期到溞状Ⅱ期幼体变态具有极显著(p<0.01)促进作用,且对数期细胞效果明显高于孢子,溞状Ⅰ期之前比其后加菌效果更显著(p<0.05),但对无节Ⅲ期变态到溞状Ⅰ期影响不明显(p>0.05)。     

泰利台风对台湾东北黑潮入侵东海陆架影响的研究

本文利用卫星高度计数据和分析数据,并结合同时期现场深水潜标的流速观测数据,研究了超强台风泰利过境前后台湾东北附近海域流场、位势密度场、位势涡度场以及黑潮入侵东海陆架强度的变化。分析结果表明,泰利台风通过改变台湾东北陆坡附近海域的流场、位势密度场,显著地削弱(增强)了西段(东段)陆坡附近的位势涡度梯度,从而使得西段(东段)陆坡黑潮入侵东海陆架的强度显著增强(减弱)。此外,本文还区分了台湾东北西部陆坡附近表层的跨陆坡“上凸型”位势涡度分布与次表层的跨陆坡“下凹型”位势涡度分布,并认为次表层的跨陆坡“下凹型”位势涡度分布也应作为台湾东北西部陆坡附近“位势涡度障碍”的重要组成部分。本文的研究结果揭示了大气中的台风过程对台湾东北黑潮入侵东海陆架产生显著影响的关键过程及机制,相关结论可为台湾东北黑潮入侵东海陆架变化规律的研究提供有价值的参考。