西藏改则盆地渐新统—中新统康托组沉积相特征

改则盆地地处青藏高原羌塘地层区,研究程度较低。通过对西藏改则盆地新近系康托组沉积特征和沉积岩相的详细研究,共划分出3类沉积相:扇三角洲相、湖泊三角洲相和湖泊相,整体表现为自下向上沉积物粒度由粗到细、水深逐渐增大的退积序列。综合区域地质特征及古流向分析认为,改则盆地渐新世—中新世的沉积演化可大致分为2个阶段:盆地初始裂陷阶段和盆地稳定沉积阶段。康托组剖面沉积相的研究有助于了解改则盆地渐新世—中新世的沉积演化。     

煤层工作面内陷落柱综合物探探查

煤层工作面内陷落柱与煤层之间具有显著的电阻率、波速和密度差异,适宜于采用无线电波透视法和震波透视CT法来探测煤层工作面内陷落柱的边界范围;陷落柱体通常裂隙发育,与围岩相比较,其富水陷落柱为相对低电阻率值范围,而不富水陷落柱则为相对高电阻率值范围,因此,可利用煤层底板三维电法来探查底板陷落柱富水性。谢桥矿13218工作面1^#陷落柱的探测表明,该陷落柱范围具有较高的电磁波吸收系数特征和相对较高的纵波波速特征;工作面底板陷落柱向下范围为相对高电阻率值特征,为不富水陷落柱。该综合物探探测结果与实际验证资料基本吻合,有效地指导了本煤层工作面开采及底板煤层工作面的开采设计与施工。     

Observation of CO2 degassing in Tianshuihai Lake Basin of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

A large volume of underground gas in the permafrost region of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau has been identified. Although many studies were performed to investigate the soil organic carbon dynamics and Earth degassing in volcanic areas, this is the first report of a large amount of non-volcanic CO₂ contained in permafrost. The gas was mostly CO₂ (81.76 vol. %) and nitrogen (14.59 vol. %). The gas composition and the evidence from carbon stable isotope values (?23.9 ‰, PDB) suggested that the gases possibly had a deep origin. The gas emissions may be triggered by permafrost degradation, which means mitigation of the barrier effect of permafrost for the gas. In addition, plate tectonic processes may also lead to gas emissions, as the tectonic activity is strong in the area. Therefore, particular attention should be paid to the underground gases in the study of global change and permafrost degradation.     

超深地下连续墙施工中几个问题的探讨

结合武汉某地下连续墙工程,探讨了超深嵌岩地下连续墙施工过程中出现的因三轴搅拌桩施工造成成槽困难的问题,以及超深地下连续墙接头管安装和起拔问题,并提出了相应的解决措施。实践证明,这些措施是有效的,可以为武汉地区的类似工程提供参考。     

水泥混凝土路面病害成因分析及处治方法

水泥混凝土路面使用寿命的长短,除取决于施工质质量外,在很大程度上取决于养护质量。水泥混凝土路面破损一旦发生．破损状况将迅速发展,对行车的舒适性和道路顺畅造成严重影响,养护难度也相应加大。通过六安境内某段一级公路水泥混凝土路面的病害调查,对其形式和成因进行分析,在公路养护中提出了处治病害的具体措施。     

基于年龄测试的黄庄—高丽营断裂活动性研究

黄庄—高丽营断裂是北京平原区一条重要的活动断裂,在庙城—高丽营段沿线发生地裂缝,造成大量房屋墙体开裂和道路破坏。在西王路村探槽揭示该断裂错断第四系地层,产生地表地裂缝。探糟断裂孢粉年龄测试,该断裂发生年龄大致在13～22ka,仍处于活动状态。     

全球变化背景下北方泥炭地释放溶解有机碳的驱动机制

泥炭地（peatland）是一类储碳效率很高的特殊陆地生态系统,其碳储量约占全球土壤碳库的近1／3,对全球碳循环有着举足轻重的作用。有证据表明在过去20余年,北半球大范围的天然水体中溶解有机碳的浓度呈显著增升趋势。普遍认为与全球变化背景下北方泥炭地大规模释放溶解有机碳有关,但其驱动机制尚不十分清楚。已经提出的具有代表性...     

储层砂岩声波速度预测

本文主要基于Ｇａｓｓｍａｎｎ方程和经验规律，提出了孔隙流体替代和孔隙度改变时对砂央地震波速度变化的估计，以及直接利用岩石矿物和孔隙流体的弹性性质计算砂岩地震波速度方法，利用已知的岩芯，测井或地震数据，运用这此方法，可合理地对储层砂岩地震波速度进行预测。     

巴林左旗-阿鲁科尔沁旗5.9级地震余震序列精确定位及分布特征

2003年8月16日内蒙古巴林左旗与阿鲁科尔沁旗间发生5．9级地震，使内蒙古东部地震活动再次进入活跃阶段。通过对巴林左旗-阿鲁科尔沁旗5．9级地震余震序列分析表明，序列的空间位置变化不太大，集中发生在较小的区域内，说明该震震源体较小。整个余震序列以NWW向条带分布为主，条带的走向与宏观烈度等值线长轴方向及震源机制B节面方向一致。ML≥3．0余震形成NW和NE两条相互垂直的条带，主震发生在NW条带的北西端。分析余震序列深度剖面图，说明NW向可能为此次地震的主破裂方向。     

Developing an Advanced Automated Method for Solar Filament Recognition and Its Scientific Application to a Solar Cycle of MLSO Hα Data

We developed a method to automatically detect and trace solar filaments in Hα full-disk images. The program is able not only to recognize filaments and determine their properties, such as the position, the area, the spine, and other relevant parameters, but also to trace the daily evolution of the filaments. The program consists of three steps: First, preprocessing is applied to correct the original images; second, the Canny edge-detection method is used to detect filaments; third, filament properties are recognized through morphological operators. To test the algorithm, we successfully applied it to observations from the Mauna Loa Solar Observatory (MLSO). We analyzed Hα images obtained by the MLSO from 1998 to 2009 and obtained a butterfly diagram of filaments. This shows that the latitudinal migration of solar filaments has three trends in Solar Cycle 23: The drift velocity was fast from 1998 to the solar maximum, after which it became relatively slow. After 2006, the migration became divergent, signifying the solar minimum. About 60 % of the filaments with latitudes higher than 50^° migrate toward the polar regions with relatively high velocities, and the latitudinal migrating speeds in the northern and the southern hemispheres do not differ significantly in Solar Cycle 23.