川西南周公山及邻区下二叠统碳酸盐岩成岩作用对储集性的影响

川西南周公山及邻区下二叠统的中-低孔、中-低渗碳酸盐岩储层的储集空间以次生成因的溶孔、溶洞和构造裂缝为主.研究认为,多世代方解石胶结、化学充填作用以及埋藏期的压实(溶)作用是孔隙很难得到保存的主要原因;同生-准同生期的混合水云化作用和表生期、埋藏期的流体溶蚀作用则产生了大量的次生溶孔、洞,使储层的孔渗性得到明显的改善;构造破裂作用可以产生新的储集空间,还影响各储集体之间及单一储集体内部空隙的连通.成岩相分为混合水云化-溶蚀-破裂相、溶蚀-胶结相和胶结-压实-压溶相.各种成岩作用的叠加形成了现今下二叠统油气储层的分布格局.     

西藏申扎和改则地区早石炭世地层及腕足类研究

西藏申扎和改则地区早石炭世地层发育,腕足类及珊瑚类化石丰富。腕足类化石计有34属45种,共建立3个组合;申扎大塘阶下部巴日阿郎寨组Ovatia-Unispirifer组合;大塘阶上部永珠组Balakhonia-Productus组合;改则大塘阶上部Latiproductus-Striatifera组合。本文系统讨论了各腕足类组合的时代及与国内外同期地层的对比,将西藏境内早石炭世的沉积物及生物群划分为3个类型。根据生物群及沉积物在空间上的分布特点,笔者认为在早石炭世时,班公湖至怒江断裂南北生物群及沉积物具有明显的差异,即南部申扎和珠峰地区生物群及沉积物特征与冈瓦纳大陆相似,而北部改则地区与扬子地台的生物群及沉积物特征相同,其间可能有宽阔的海域隔离。     

Observed particle sizes and fluxes of Aeolian sediment in the near surface layer during sand-dust storms in the Taklamakan Desert

Monitoring, modeling and predicting the formation and movement of dust storms across the global deserts has drawn great attention in recent decades. Nevertheless, the scarcity of real-time observations of the wind-driven emission, transport and deposition of dusts has severely impeded progress in this area. In this study, we report an observational analysis of sand-dust storm samples collected at seven vertical levels from an 80-m-high flux tower located in the hinterland of the great Taklamakan Desert for ten sand-dust storm events that occurred during 2008–2010. We analyzed the vertical distribution of sandstorm particle grain sizes and horizontal sand-dust sediment fluxes from the near surface up to 80 m high in this extremely harsh but highly representative environment. The results showed that the average sandstorm grain size was in the range of 70 to 85 μm. With the natural presence of sand dunes and valleys, the horizontal dust flux appeared to increase with height within the lower surface layer, but was almost invariant above 32 m. The average flux values varied within the range of 8 to 14 kg m^?2 and the vertical distribution was dominated by the wind speed in the boundary layer. The dominant dust particle size was PM₁₀₀ and below, which on average accounted for 60–80 % of the samples collected, with 0.9–2.5 % for PM_0–2.5, 3.5–7.0 % for PM_0–10, 5.0–14.0 % for PM_0–20 and 20.0–40.0 % for PM_0–50. The observations suggested that on average the sand-dust vertical flux potential is about 0.29 kg m^?2 from the top of the 80 m tower to the upper planetary boundary layer and free atmosphere through the transport of particles smaller than PM₂₀. Some of our results differed from previous measurements from other desert surfaces and laboratory wind-dust experiments, and therefore provide valuable observations to support further improvement of modeling of sandstorms across different natural environmental conditions.     

长江三角洲泥质潮坪沉积的韵律性及保存率

通过现场观测,将潮汐层偶的特征直接与潮汐动力进行对比,从理论上论述了潮汐周期产生潮汐沉积韵律的可能性,但层偶的保存率很低,即使在平静天气下也约有８０％的层耦形成后又被侵蚀掉,因此研究区发育与潮汐周期相关的潮汐韵律层序可能性极小,长江三角洲南冀泥质潮增面向开阔的东海,受季节性暴风浪影响,滩面出现周期性冲淤演变,实际在泥质潮坪沉积中保存下来的粗细粒交替韵律层可能是平静和风浪天气季节性气候变化的产物。纹     

一次缓慢东移的黄河气旋暴雨的诊断分析

利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料和常规气象资料,对2001年6月28-29日发生在河南的一次黄河气旋暴雨过程进行了诊断分析。结果表明：黄河气旋的稳定少动是造成这次暴雨的直接原因,高层辐散与中层正涡度平流对黄河气旋形成和发展起了重要作用。这次过程的水汽主要来自副高东南侧的海上,孟加拉湾的水汽也有一定的贡献。暴雨区的中低层对称不稳定的存在,导致上升运动和水汽输送的加强,造成降水的增幅。     

云南丽江树轮δ18O记录的大气环流变化信息

通过对云南玉龙雪山丽江冷杉年轮晚材纤维素氧同位素 (δ¹⁸O) 的分析,建立了1902-2004时段年分辨率的树轮δ¹⁸O序列。将所得序列与相邻的丽江市气象站记录的气候资料对比,分析了树轮δ¹⁸O对气候要素的响应。结果表明,丽江冷杉年轮晚材中的δ¹⁸O与其生长季气候因子密切相关。主要与季风期 (8-10月) 的降水和相对湿度、6-10月总云量、5-6月平均温度显著相关,尤其和总云量相关性最高 (r = -0.45,P = 0.01)。同时,树轮δ¹⁸O年际变化与南亚季风指数、东亚夏季风指数呈反相关关系,并与1-5月南方涛动指数负相关显著,在一定程度上反映了大尺度的大气环流影响。     

山东招掖金矿带的构造-岩浆控制

山东招掖金矿带的金矿床受花岗岩类型及构造控制,使其分布很不均匀。金矿化集中发育在栖霞—掖县复背斜翼部的交代花岗岩中,受北东向压扭性断裂控制,而在复背斜核部的重熔花岗岩中很不发育。本文通过构造-花岗岩的控矿作用,对本区金矿控制条件提出了新的看法:①构造-岩浆控制了金矿床的空间展布;②构造-岩浆演化控制了金矿的成矿演化;③内生成矿作用与构造-岩浆作用有密切的成因联系。     

Erratum to: Automatic calibration for wobble errors in shallow water multibeam bathymetries

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology -