地震作用下边坡稳定性分析

考虑了边坡岩土体材料的动力特性以及地震特性,利用动力有限元时程分析方法对边坡在地震荷载作用下的动力特性进行了分析,采用最小平均安全系数对边坡稳定性进行了评价,并与拟静力法的结果进行了对比分析,对某具体工程实例计算结果表明该分析方法的可行性,可为地震作用下边坡工程设计工作提供一些有益的参考。     

青海南部杂多地区新建扎青组的地层层序及地质意义

在青藏高原北羌塘盆地青海南部,青海省杂多县扎青乡地区的然者涌一带,发现以基性火山熔岩为主夹有中基性火山碎屑岩,具大陆板内裂谷拉斑玄武岩喷发特点的一套火山地层。该地层底部角度不整合接触覆盖在早中二叠世开心岭群诺日巴尕日保组、九十道班组之上,其上被晚三叠世结扎群甲丕拉组角度不整合覆盖。主要岩性为灰绿—灰紫色橄榄玄武岩、粗面玄武岩、玄武粗安岩及流纹岩、中基性火山角砾岩、角砾凝灰岩夹少量流纹岩和紫红色岩屑砂岩及细砾岩,其特征与峨眉山低钛玄武岩相似,具陆相喷发-沉积特征。区域对比在北羌塘地区具有独特地层特征,可与四川峨眉山玄武岩地层进行对比。而区域上该地区晚二叠世主要为一套海陆交互相含煤碎屑岩建造,未发现陆相火山岩出露,本文建立正式地层单位扎青组,以供参考,其时代暂归晚二叠—早三叠世。     

Characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the Yellow Sea in summer

Frontal upwelling is an important phenomenon in summer in the Yellow Sea (YS) and plays an essential role in the distribution of nutrients and biological species. In this paper, a three-dimensional hydrodynamic model is applied to investigate the characteristics and influencing factors of frontal upwelling in the YS. The results show that the strength and distribution of frontal upwelling are largely dependent on the topography and bottom temperature fronts. The frontal upwelling in the YS is stronger and narrower near the eastern coast than near the western coast due to the steeper shelf slope. Moreover, external forcings, such as the meridional wind speed and air temperature in summer and the air temperature in the preceding winter and spring, have certain influences on the strength of frontal upwelling. An increase in air temperature in the previous winter and spring weakens the frontal upwelling in summer; in contrast, an increase in air temperature in summer strengthens the frontal upwelling. When the southerly wind in summer increases, the upwelling intensifies in the western YS and weakens in the eastern YS. The air temperature influences the strength of upwelling by changing the baroclinicity in the frontal region. Furthermore, the meridional wind speed in summer affects frontal upwelling via Ekman pumping.     

FIO-ESM v2.0 CORE2-forced experiment for the CMIP6 Ocean Model Intercomparison Project

We introduced the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Ocean Model Intercomparison Project CORE2-forced (OMIP-1) experiment by using the First Institute of Oceanography Earth System Model version 2.0 (FIO-ESM v2.0), and comprehensively evaluated the simulation results. Unlike other OMIP models, FIO-ESM v2.0 includes a coupled ocean surface wave component model that takes into account non-breaking surface wave-induced vertical mixing in the ocean and effect of surface wave Stokes drift on air-sea momentum and heat fluxes in the climate system. A sub-layer sea surface temperature (SST) diurnal cycle parameterization was also employed to take into account effect of SST diurnal cycle on air-sea heat ?uxes to improve simulations of air-sea interactions. Evaluations show that mean values and long-term trends of significant wave height were adequately reproduced in the FIO-ESM v2.0 OMIP-1 simulations, and there is a reasonable fit between the SST diurnal cycle obtained from in situ observations and that parameterized by FIO-ESM v2.0. Evaluations of model drift, temperature, salinity, mixed layer depth, and the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation show that the model performs well in the FIO-ESM v2.0 OMIP-1 simulation. However, the summer sea ice extent of the Arctic and Antarctic is underestimated.     

Reclamation-oriented spatiotemporal evolution of coastal wetland along Bohai Rim,China

Coastal wetlands are located in the ecotone of interaction between the land surface and sea, and anthropogenic activities extensively interfere with these wetlands through the reclamation of large tidal wetlands and destruction of the function of the ecosystems. In this study, we investigated the dynamic evolutionary characteristics of the Bohai Rim coastal area over the past 40 years using the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index, the fractal dimension, object-oriented classification, the land-use transfer trajectory, and regression analysis. Additionally, we quantified and monitored the evolution of reclamation and analyzed the correlation between reclamation and coastal wetlands based on 99 Landsat-2, -5, and -8 images (at 60 m and 30 m spatial resolution) over the period 1980–2019. The results are as follows. (1) The coastline of the Bohai Rim increased by 1 631.2 km from 1980 to 2019 with a zigzag variation. The artificial coastline increased by 2 946.1 km, whereas the natural coastline decreased by 90%. (2) The area of man-made wetlands increased by 3 736.9 km2, the area of construction land increased by 1 008.4 km2, and the natural wetland area decreased by 66%. The decrease of tidal flats is the main contributor to the decrease of natural wetland area (takes account for 91.1%). Coastal areas are affected by intense human disturbance, which was taken place across a large area of tidal flats and caused the landscape to fragment and be more heterogeneous. The coastal zone development activities were primarily concentrated in the southern Laizhou Bay, the Yellow River Delta, the Bohai Bay, the northern Liaodong Bay, and the Pulandian Bay. The solidified shorelines and increase in sea level have resulted in intertidal wetlands decreasing and impaired wetland ecology. (3) There is a good agreement between reclamation and the size of the coastal wetlands. Both land reclamation and the reduction in coastal wetland areas are significantly related to the population size, fishery output value, and urbanization rate. In summary, human activities, such as the construction of aquaculture ponds and salt pans, industrialization, and urbanization, are the primary forces that influence the environmental changes in the coastal region. This study is beneficial for establishing and improving the systems for the rational development and utilization of natural resources, and provides theoretical references for restoring wetland ecology and managing future reclamation activities in other coastal zone-related areas.     

Unveiling controls of the latitudinal gradient of surface pCO2 in the Kuroshio Extension and its recirculation regions（northwestern North Pacific） in late spring

In the northwestern North Pacific, annual net air-sea CO₂ flux is greatest in the Kuroshio Extension（KE） zone,owing to its low annual mean partial pressure of CO₂（pCO₂）, and it decreases southward across the basin. To quantify the influences of factors controlling the latitudinal gradient in CO₂ uptake, sea surface pCO₂ and related parameters were investigated in late spring of 2018 in a study spanning the KE, Kuroshio Recirculation（KR）, and...     

空心块体水沙动力及泥沙淤积特性研究

空心块体具有良好的阻水和促淤功能,近年来被广泛用于生态修复工程。本文结合水槽试验及Flow-3D数值模拟,分析了开敞型和半封闭型空心块体的阻水效应和泥沙淤积特性。结果表明:空心块体的开孔率对内部水流流速、紊动强度起主导作用,开孔率较小的半开敞型空心块体减速、制紊效果更强;开敞型和半封闭型空心块体近底层悬沙浓度分别增大56%和75%,两者均有利于促进泥沙在块体内部淤积,近底层水流紊动越强,泥沙淤积形态差异越大;空心块体所营造的低流速、泥沙微淤、内外连通的水沙环境是大型底栖生物的生境需求,半封闭型空心块体内部的低紊动水流结构更有利于大型底栖生物的栖息、繁衍。     

Spatial distribution of turbulent diapycnal mixing along the Mindanao current inferred from rapid-sampling Argo floats

The Mindanao Current (MC) bridges the North Pacific low-latitude western boundary current system region and the Indonesian Seas by supplying the North Pacific waters to the Indonesian Throughflow. Although the previous study speculated that the diapycnal mixing along the MC might be strong on the basis of the water mass analysis of the gridded climatologic dataset, the real spatial distribution of diapycnal mixing along the MC has remained to be clarified. We tackle this question here by applying a finescale parameterization to temperature and salinity profiles obtained using two rapid-sampling profiling Argo floats that drifted along the MC. The western boundary (WB) region close to the Mindanao Islands and the Sangihe Strait are the two mixing hotspots along the MC, with energy dissipation rate ε and diapycnal diffusivity K_ρ enhanced up to?~?10^–6 W kg^?1 and?~?10^–3 m² s^?1, respectively. Except for the above two mixing hotspots, the turbulent mixing along the MC is mostly weak, with ε and K_ρ to be 10^–11–10^–9 W kg^?1 and 10^–6–10^–5 m² s^?1, respectively. Strong mixing in the Sangihe Strait can be basically attributed to the existence of internal tides, whereas strong mixing in the WB region suggests the existence of internal lee waves. We also find that water mass transformation along the MC mainly occurs in the Sangihe Strait where the water masses are subjected to strong turbulent mixing during a long residence time.

     

香港牡蛎(Crassostrea hongkongensis)新型凝集素ChPerlucin的基因克隆与功能研究

C-型凝集素(C-type lectin)是一类能识别并结合多糖的免疫蛋白质超家族, 本文首次克隆了一种新型香港牡蛎C-型凝集素基因——甘露聚糖结合凝集素, 并获得了该基因的全长序列, 命名为ChPerlucin。结果显示, ChPerlucin基因cDNA全长577bp, 包括21bp的5′末端非翻译区(untranslated region, UTR)、73bp的 3′UTR, 以及483bp的开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF), 编码160个氨基酸, ChPerlucin蛋白理论分子量为18kD, 等电点为5.95。ChPerlucin蛋白含有保守的C-型凝集素样结构域(C-type lectin or carbohydrate-recognition domain, CLECT); 邻接法(Neighbor-Joining, NJ)进化树分析表明, ChPerlucin与其他贝类的Perlucin聚为一支, 说明该基因是软体动物Perlucin家族的新成员。qRT-PCR结果显示, ChPerlucin在香港牡蛎所检测组织和各个胚胎发育时期中均有表达; 病原菌刺激后, ChPerlucin表达量显著升高; 利用毕赤酵母真核成功表达了ChPerlucin重组蛋白, 发现ChPerlucin重组蛋白具有抑菌效果。以上结果表明ChPerlucin在香港牡蛎的先天性免疫过程中发挥了重要的作用。     

电活化硫酸盐处理四环素类废水的研究

本文构建以掺硼金刚石(Boron-doped diamond,BDD)为阳极、不锈钢为阴极、硫酸盐为电解质的电化学体系,考察了电流密度、pH值、硫酸盐浓度以及初始四环素浓度等四个因素对电化学氧化降解废水中四环素的影响,运用响应曲面法对运行参数进行优化;通过电子自旋共振检测技术分析电化学反应中产生的自由基,探究了间歇通电模式下电化学体系持续氧化机理。结果表明,四个因素对TOC去除率的影响大小次序为:电流密度>初始四环素浓度>初始pH值>硫酸盐浓度,其中初始pH值和硫酸盐浓度与电流密度和初始四环素浓度的交互作用对TOC去除率的影响较为显著;最佳运行参数为pH值为5,电流密度为100 mA·cm^-2,硫酸盐浓度为0.25 mol·L^-1,初始四环素浓度为1000 mg·L^-1;间歇通电模式下,BDD电极表面产生的SO₄^·-等高活性物质间相互转化提供了体系的可持续氧化能力。该研究结果为电化学氧化技术的实际应用提供了节省能耗的有效途径。