Precipitation‐runoff processes in Shimen hillslope micro‐catchment of Taihang Mountain,north China

Precipitation runoff is a critical hillslope hydrological process for downslope streamflow and piedmont/floodplain recharge. Shimen hillslope micro‐catchment is strategically located in the central foothill region of Taihang Mountains, where runoff is crucial for water availability in the piedmont corridors and floodplains of north China. This study analyzes precipitation‐runoff processes in the Shimen hillslope micro‐catchment for 2006–2008 using locally designed runoff collection systems. The study shows that slope length is a critical factor, next only to precipitation, in terms of runoff yield. Regression analysis also shows that runoff is related positively to precipitation, and negatively to slope length. Soil mantle in the study area is generally thin and is therefore not as critical a runoff factor as slope length. The study shows a significant difference between overland and subsurface runoff. However, that between the 0–10 and 10–20 cm subsurfaces is insignificant. Runoff hardly occurs under light rains (<10 mm), but is clearly noticeable under moderate‐to‐rainstorm events. In the hillslope catchment, vertical infiltration (accounting for 42–84% of the precipitation) dominates runoff processes in subsurface soils and weathered granite gneiss bedrock. A weak lateral flow (at even the soil/bedrock interface) and the generally small runoff suggest strong infiltration loss via deep percolation. This is critical for groundwater recharge in the downslope piedmont corridors and floodplains. This may enhance water availability, ease water shortage, avert further environmental degradation, and reduce the risk of drought/flood in the event of extreme weather conditions in the catchment and the wider north China Plain. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中国冰冻圈水文过程变化研究新进展

冰冻圈显著的变化已经对冰冻圈水文过程产生了一系列影响。本文重点梳理和分析了近20年，尤其是近10年以冰川融水、融雪径流、冻土水文等为主体的中国冰冻圈水文过程变化研究方面取得的新进展：①在冰川融水变化研究方面，对不同尺度的冰川融水开展了全面研究，发现冰川融水呈现全面增加之势；对冰川融水"拐点"是否出现进行了科学辨识，有了基本认识；对冰川融水过程进行了模型模拟，取得显著进展。②在融雪径流变化研究方面，通过对不同流域融雪径流估算，可基本掌握各河流的融雪贡献率；中国融雪径流变化差异较大，增减不一；融雪期变化具有普遍性，突出特点是峰值提前。③在冻土水文研究方面，通过对地表水-活动层壤中流-多年冻土层上水之间关系的研究，揭示了冻土区径流形成的重力和热力耦合机制；多年冻土变化对地表径流的影响已经显现，主要表现在冬季（枯水季）径流增加；已经发现多年冻土退化对径流有直接补给作用，在一些流域补给量可能达到一定量级。     

环境水样中铀、钍、镭和铅同位素及其比值的系统分析

本文研究了从5L水中用铁、铅、钡和铈作载体,系统分析~(234)U、~(238)U、~(228)Th、~(230)Th~(232)Th、~(224)Ra、~(226)Ra、~(228)Ra和~(210)Pb的含量或比值。铀、钍经Fe(OH)_3沉淀富集后用TBP萃淋树脂柱分离,用激光荧光和比色法测定,同位素比值用α谱仪测量,化学回收率在90％以上,测量下限分别为1μg/L和3μg/L。镭、铅经硫酸盐沉淀富集后,用EDTA在不同pH条件下分离,~(224)Ra和~(226)Ra用射气法测定,~(228)Ra和~(210)Pb分别用其β子体~(228)Ac和~(210)Bi在低本底β装置上测量,测量下限分别为2.5×10~(-2)、8×10~(-3)、4×10~(-3)和5×10~(-3)Bq/L。     

K—Ar Geochronology and Evolution of Cenozoic Volcanic Rocks in Eastrn China

Cenozoic volcanic rocks widespread in eastern China constitute an important part of the circum-Pacific volcanic belt.This paper presents more than 150K-Ar dates and a great deal of petrochemical analysis data from the Cenozoic volcanic rocks distributed in Tengchong,China‘s southeast coast,Shandong,Hebei,Nei Monggol and Northeast China.An integrated study shows that ubiquitous but uneven volcanic activities prevailed from the Eogene to the Holocene,characterized as being multi-eqisodic and multicycled.For example,in the Paleocene(67-58Ma),Eocene(57-37.5Ma),Miocene(22-18,16-19Ma),Pliocene(8-3Ma),and Early Pleistocene-Middle Pleistocene(1.2-0.5Ma) there were upsurges of volcanism,while in the Oligocene there was a repose period.In space,the older Eogene volcanic rocks are distributed within the region or in the central part of the NE-NNE-striking fault depression,while the younger Neogene and Quaternary volcanic rocks are distributed in the eastern and western parts.Petrologically,they belong essentially to tholeiite-series and alkali-series basalts,with alkalinity in the rocks increasing from old to youg.The above regularities are controlled by both global plate movement and regional inherent tectonic pattern.     

Rayleigh 阻尼作用下斜拉桥扭转振动

在侧向风力或侧向水平地源力作用下,斜拉桥容易发生扭转振动。本文采用非线性Rayleigh阴尼,它能反映在低速振动时有激发而加速振动,至一定高速后又衰减的完整振动过程。对非线性的统辖方程及定解条件,先使之无量纲化,再按非线性项的系数这个小参数展开未知函数,得到线性化的各级近似方程。把待求函数展成梁轴坐标的Fourier级数,其系数为待定的时间函数,应用Fourier级数的正交性,得到求解未知时间函数的二阶常微分方程,完全类似单自由度质点在线性粘滞性阻尼作用下的统辖方程,其解为已知。     

AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY OF THE MESO-β SCALE MOVING SYSTEMS IN THE MEIYU FRONT

The new concept and analysis method for the rainfall peak are introduced in this paper,and an obser-vational study of a heavy rain case in the Meiyu front has been made with finer radiosonde and precipitationdata.It has found in this case that there are a lot of meso-β scale systems associated with the rainfall peaksin the Meiyu front.Meso-β scale systems can be divided into two kinds,i.e.,the moving and standing types.The moving type is characterized by the unstable gravity wave and has a path corresponding to the meso-α scalerain belts in the direction.The discussion about the meso-β systems is made by using the symmetric andtransversal wave instability theory.     

辽宁省金矿集中区及其与构造样式的关系

本文将辽宁省金矿划分四种类型,十个主要金矿集中区。这些集中区均受华北地台东西向基底构造活动带及中生代太平洋板块俯冲影响、所产生的北西向构造挤压带和北东向构造—岩浆岩带的复合作用控制。它们分别处于太不洋成矿带的内带(辽东)和外带(辽西)。并以郯庐断裂为轴线,构成了两大“U”字形,类似共轭曲线展布的构造样式。根据深部地球物理资料,综合分析了控制金矿集中区构造样式的形成机制。区内脉状金矿大都分布在深断裂(深度大于五公里断裂)带附近。     

山东招掖金矿带稀土元素地球化学特征初步研究

本文提出了解决本区某些地质问题的新信息。认为不同地质体具有大体相似的稀土元素配分模型,成岩成矿关系密切,具有继承性演化特点。各类花岗质岩石由胶东群变质岩经混合岩化作用形成。成矿热液富含[CO_3]~(2-)或[HCO_3]~-,金在黄铁矿和石英中富集,与∑REE、LREE的含量及∑Ce/∑Y、Ce/Yb、La/Yb比值呈正相关。上述参数可用作该类金矿床矿化富集规模和强度的评价标志。     

非线性弹性模型的改进

本文在邓肯-张模型进行深入探讨的基础上,提出了切线模量实质物理意义是剪切模量的观点,并分别采用应力法和应变法推导了剪切模量和体积模量(或变形模量)公式,还进行了考虑Biot固结非线性弹性油罐地基有限元实例分析。对不同的变形模量计算方法进行了比较,提出了改进的非线性弹性模型。