3D打印技术在岩石物理力学试验中的应用

3D打印技术在岩土工程领域的应用还处于初步探索阶段,但其可重复制造含复杂内部结构的试样是常规室内试验无法实现的。现阶段制约3D打印技术在岩石物理力学试验中应用的主要因素在于3D打印试样强度偏低,延性较强。初步探讨了3D打印后干燥时间、打印胶水浓度对试样强度的影响,在此基础上提出了最优化打印方案,使打印试样在强度和脆性方面均有很大提升;通过改变打印方向模拟了天然层状节理岩石的各向异性特征。研究结果表明,随着打印倾斜角度的增加,3D打印试样的单轴抗压强度先减小后增大,呈"U"型变化趋势,抗拉强度也随打印方向的改变出现明显的各向异性特征,这与天然层状节理岩石相关研究成果相似。研究成果可为3D打印技术在岩土工程领域的推广和室内试验研究提供参考。     

银河系铝元素丰度研究

恒星的Al元素丰度可以为探索星团和星系的化学演化提供重要线索.通过系统分析银河系薄盘、厚盘、核球、银晕以及M4、M5等球状星团中恒星的[Al/Fe]随恒星金属丰度[Fe/H]的变化趋势,得出银河系薄盘、厚盘和核球恒星的[Al/Fe]随着[Fe/H]的增加而缓慢下降,而球状星团M4和M5恒星的[Al/Fe]随[Fe/H]增加没有下降趋势,这暗示Ia超新星对M4和M5恒星元素丰度的贡献比较小.详细研究了银河系恒星[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]、[Na/Fe]的相关性,结果表明银河系场星的[Al/Fe]与[Mg/Fe]正相关,但在球状星团M4和M5恒星中未见此相关性;银河系盘星及M4和M5等球状星团恒星的[Al/Fe]与[Na/Fe]都存在正相关.     

含二阶规则起伏体结构面的剪切试验研究

通过常法向应力直剪试验研究了含不同二阶规则起伏体高度结构面的剪切特性。试验结果表明:与只含一阶起伏体结构面不同,含二阶起伏体结构面会有多峰值剪应力和波浪状的变形曲线,会出现多次剪断破坏或一次剪断破坏的破坏特征,随着二阶起伏体高度的增大,结构面剪切强度增大。     

Deriving Changjiang coastal zone wind from C-band SAR and its application to salinity simulation

Wind plays an important role in hydrodynamic processes such as the expansion of Changjiang （Yangtze） River Diluted Water （CDW）, and shelf circulation in the Changjiang estuary. Thus, it is essential to include wind in the numerical simulation of these phenomena. Synthetic aperture radar （SAR） with high resolution and wide spatial coverage is valuable for measuring spatially inhomogeneous ocean surface wind fields. We have collected 87 ERS-2 SAR images with wind-induced streaks that cover the Cbangjiang coastal area, to verify and improve the validity of wind direction retrieval using the 2D fast Fourier transform method. We then used these wind directions as inputs to derive SAR wind speeds using the C-band model. To demonstrate the applicability of the algorithms, we validated the SAR-retrieved wind fields using QuikSCAT measurements and the atmospheric Weather Research Forecasting model. In general, we found good agreement between the datasets, indicating the reliability and applicability of SAR- retrieved algorithms under different atmospheric conditions. We investigated the main error sources of this process, and conducted sensitivity analyses to estimate the wind speed errors caused by the effect of speckle, uncertainties in wind direction, and inaccuracies in the normalized radar cross section. Finally, we used the SAR-retrieved wind fields to simulate the salinity distribution off the Changjiang estuary. The findings of this study will be valuable for wind resource assessment and the development of future numerical ocean models based on SAR images.     

Organic Carbon in the Surface Sediments from the Intensive Mariculture Zone of Sanggou Bay: Distribution,Seasonal Variations and Sources

Mariculture has rapidly grown worldwide, which might greatly influence the biogeochemical cycle of organic carbon in coastal seas. In this study, several geochemical parameters, including grain size composition, sedimentary total organic carbon(TOC), total nitrogen(TN), stable carbon(δ13 C) and nitrogen(δ15 N) isotopic compositions, were analyzed for surface sediments collected from different mariculture zones of Sanggou Bay and in different seasons. We investigated the composition and distribution of organic matter in surface sediments and further evaluated the contribution of mariculture activities to TOC sources. The TOC and TN contents(mass percentage) in the bay were in the range of 0.14% to 1.45% and 0.03% to 0.20%, respectively. The spatial distribution indicated that sedimentary TOC and TN contents in shellfish monoculture and shellfish-kelp polyculture zones were higher than in other mariculture zones, which might be related to grain size composition and mariculture organisms. Seasonal variations of TOC contents were observed in different mariculture zones. The TOC/TN atomic ratio(C/N), δ13 C and δ15 N were in the ranges of 5.97 to 10.97,-21.76‰ to-13.14‰ and 2.13‰ to 8.08‰, respectively, implying that sedimentary organic matter in Sanggou Bay was the mixture of marine phytoplankton, terrestrial and maricultural sources. A simple mixing model based on δ13 C was applied and the results indicated that the relative contributions of organic carbon sources in Sanggou Bay followed the order kelp(36.6%) ? marine phytoplankton(28.7%) ? shellfish bio-deposition(23.8%) ? terrestrial input(10.9%). Surface sediments in Sanggou Bay were dominated by mariculture-derived organic carbon, which on average accounted for 60.4% of TOC.     

辽西北票(金-羊)盆地北票组层序地层及沉积体系特征

为揭示北票(金-羊)盆地内北票组层序地层特征及沉积体系分布规律,应用层序地层学及沉积学理论和方法,综合利用野外露头、剖面等资料,建立了北票(金-羊)盆地北票组的层序地层格架,确定研究区的沉积相类型及分布规律。研究结果表明,北票(金-羊)盆地北票组可划分为2个三级层序,其内部可进一步划分为7个准层序组。在层序内识别出冲积扇、辫状河三角洲、湖泊3个沉积相。明确了沉积相的分布规律,向上形成由冲积扇到辫状河三角洲,再到湖相,最后是辫状河三角洲的沉积体系;平面上呈近北西—南东向展布的沉积体系,整体构成2个水进、水退的沉积体系。古地貌影响了底部冲积扇相沉积物的沉积特征。气候不仅影响了沉积物类型,且和湖平面变化共同控制了沉积物的演化规律。     

西峰油田长8储层无机垢结垢规律及解堵措施效果

针对西峰油田长8储层无机垢堵塞严重、注水压力高、注不进等问题,采用结垢趋势预测、静态和动态模拟法对西峰油田长8储层注水过程中的无机垢结垢规律和成分进行研究。实验结果表明:长8储层地层水和注入水配伍性较差,当地层水与注入水比例为9:1时结垢最为严重;实验产生和现场取得的垢样成分主要为碳酸钙;实验室筛选的ZG0501型阻垢剂阻垢效果较好,72 h阻垢率为63.20%;现场解堵措施所用的酸液可以起到很好的解堵、降压增注效果。     

条件随机场的多极化InSAR联合相位解缠算法

提出一种基于CRF模型的多极化InSAR联合相位解缠算法,用于在多极化方式的InSAR中选择最优通道的解缠相位计算高程。其中,缠绕相位的联合条件概率的倒数用作一元似然能量项,全变分对应的解缠相位的平滑度用作二元先验能量项,通过将两者统一的能量函数进行计算并优化,减少了相位解缠和单通道的噪声引起的误差。试验证明,该方法获得的高程精度优于最大似然估计高程。     

山丘平原过渡区土壤重金属污染特征及评价——以四川省五通桥区为例

采集和分析了五通桥区不同功能区和乡镇73个土壤样品，以了解山丘平原过渡区土壤重金属的含量和污染特征。结果表明，重金属的平均含量为Pb32．18mg／kg、Cd0．82mg／kg、Cu28．61mg／kg、Zn108．08mg／kg、Ni32．66mg／kg、Cr72．44mg／kg；与四川土壤背景值相比，Cu、Ni、Cr的含量与之持平，Pb增加了0．11倍，Zn增加了0．32倍，Cd的积累较为严重，比背景值增加了10倍。污染评价结果显示该过渡区存在一定程度的重金属污染问题，不同功能区的污染程度排序为工业区〉生活区〉农业区。Cd在六种元素的土壤污染分担率中占55．46％，是最主要的污染元素；土壤Cd含量与Pb和Zn存在较高的相关性（相关系数为0．525和0．500），表明存在Pb—Cd和Zn—Cd的复合污染。