扬子地区震旦纪—寒武纪转折期大陆风化研究进展与展望

通过调研扬子地区震旦纪（埃迪卡拉纪）—寒武纪（E—C）转折期大陆风化、海洋环境和有机质富集特征研究。结果显示,扬子地区E—C转折期遭受了较强烈的化学风化作用,且在这一时期区内兼具浅水碳酸盐台地和深水盆地环境。在台地相区,下寒武统牛蹄塘组黑色岩系不整合接触于震旦系灯影组白云岩之上,该不整合与E—C转折期全球“大不整合”具有紧密的关系,盆地区发育的完整的沉积地层记录了台地区被风化地层的痕迹。现有大陆风化的地球化学证据集中于n(87Sr)/ n(86Sr)、δ13C、CIA和e??Nd(t)等,同时这些地球化学数据也局限在少数的剖面和层段,因此迫切需要更多的地球化学参数来反映该风化作用的影响范围和演化特征。准确认识扬子地区E—C转折期大陆风化作用与海洋环境演变间的耦合关系,是揭示古生物演化、有机质富集机制的重要环节。     

Study on Monitoring Technology of Surrounding Rock in Deep Layered Roadway Based on Constant Resistance and Large Deformation Bolt

Geotechnical and Geological Engineering - The stability monitoring of surrounding rock in layered roadway is an important method to ensure the safety of deep mining coal mine. In view of the actual...     

Characterization of karst conduits by tracer tests for an artificial recharge scheme

Challenged by rapidly changing climate in combination with an increase in anthropogenic pressures, karst groundwater resources in the Old Town of Lijiang (OTLJ), SW China, are diminishing. Higher frequency and longer duration of dried-up periods have been observed at the Heilongtan Park (HP) Springs in recent years. Thus, there is an urgent need for an artificial recharge scheme, aimed at replenishing groundwater in the aquifer and increasing the outflow of the springs to ensure effective water resources management. Evaluation of the scheme feasibility, prior to its implementation, is important. In this study, tracer tests were conducted between the recharge area and receiving springs in order to gain insight into the transport mechanisms of karst groundwater and the structural characteristics of the aquifer. Multiple underground flow paths, exhibiting high conductivity between the recharge area and HP Springs, were revealed by the interpretation of tracer breakthrough curves. Three springs considered as the leakages of the scheme were identified. Moreover, the outflow of springs at HP and OTLJ were predicted to be increased by the artificially recharged water after 9.2 and 12.5 days, respectively. Quantitative analysis of tracer recoveries demonstrates that the springs to be recharged and the springs considered as leakages, respectively, share 45 and 55% of the increased outflow. The feasibility of the scheme has been confirmed by the tracer tests. This report provides references for the evaluation of artificial groundwater recharge and protection strategies, particularly in large and poorly investigated karst spring fields.

     

基于孔压静力触探的岩土参数正态性检验方法对比

岩土参数的正态分布是岩土工程可靠分析的基本假定之一。目前,岩土工程参数的正态性检验以KS （Kolmogorov-Smirnov）检验为主,然而诸多研究表明,对于小样本数据,KS检验的正态性检验结果并不可靠。本文以废黄河泛滥沉积相粉土中的孔压静力触探（CPTU）锥尖阻力q_t数据为研究对象,首先采用ANOVA （方差分析）检验,从CPTU测试资料中进行总体的样本筛选,然后应用SW （Shapiro-Wilk）检验、KS检验、LF （Lilliefors）检验和AD （Anderson-Darling）检验等4种正态性检验方法,在不同样本容量条件下,对测试数据进行正态性检验评价。当测试数据的样本容量充足时,分析结果表明：SW检验结果最为严格,KS检验结果最不保守,而LF检验和AD检验的严格性介于两者之间;对于常规岩土工程设计,采用KS检验结果即可满足稳定性分析要求,对于复杂岩土工程设计,采用SW检验对设计参数进行正态性检验,可降低设计的不确定性。     

快速失水下5种喀斯特植物离体叶片叶绿素荧光的响应

文章设置饱水及随后失水处理自然生长的5种喀斯特植物叶片,测定其叶绿素荧光参数,分析各植物光合过程的响应特征。结果显示:盐肤木（Rhus chinensis）PSII反应中心活性及电子传递受严重失水影响,而其稳定的光能转化及光化学效率得益于叶绿素浓度的不断增加;构树（Broussonetia papyrifera）和金银花（Lonicera japonica）的叶绿素浓度逐渐升高随后趋于稳定,构树PSII反应中心对失水敏感,其活性及光能转化对随后持续失水逐渐适应。金银花光合结构及PSII反应中心表现稳定;火棘（Pyracantha fortuneana）叶绿素浓度从第4小时开始增加,光合结构趋于稳定,电子传递速率及光能转化逐渐增加;杨梅（Myrica rubra）电子传递速率及光化学效率均较低。      

卫星重力与地球重力场的文献计量分析

卫星重力与地球重力场研究是国际大地测量学的重要研究领域,不仅带动了大地测量学本身的发展,也在其他相关研究领域取得了重要的科学应用.以2000年1月至2020年9月的20年Web of Science核心合集数据库中关于该领域的科学论文为研究对象,使用文献计量的方法,应用CiteSpace软件对当前研究现状、近年来发展脉络以及研究热点进行分析.结果 表明,关于卫星重力和地球重力场的文献数量总体上逐年上升,2016年以来维持较高的水平,其中美国、德国以及中国的发文量位居前三位;发文量排名前三的研究机构分别为中国科学院、加州理工学院和美国国家航空航天局;我国在卫星重力及地球重力场领域的研究力量相对集中,中国科学院、武汉大学以及中国科学院大学发文数占中国总数的75.36％;利用GRACE数据和球谐函数构建高精度地球重力场模型,反演局部质量变化是当前国际研究热点.得益于卫星重力观测数据,全球重力场模型得到了实质性改进.     

水—粮食—能源—生态系统关联研究进展

传统的水—粮食—能源关联对生态系统的支持与反馈能力考虑不足,增加了协同保障区域水—粮食—能源安全的难度.综述了近年来国际上水—粮食—能源—生态系统关联框架的搭建,发现有必要从生态系统服务的角度统筹水、粮食、能源等资源部门的社会治理过程.基于生态系统类型,可分为农业、河流、森林、草地和城市生态系统的5种常见关联结构,但目前针对森林和草原生态系统的研究相对不足.量化评估中子系统边界的确定,关联预测中多主体对关联的影响,整合优化中结合资源管理和生态修复是难点所在.未来可以从把握区域特征、扩充指标体系、整合模型需求和优化国土空间4个方向入手优化水—粮食—能源—生态系统关联结构,为区域可持续发展提供整体决策依据.     

Effect of inherent anisotropy on the strength of natural granite residual soil under generalized stress paths

It is universally known that residual soils behave very differently from sedimentary soils. While the latter is widely known as cross-anisotropic, little is known regarding the strength anisotropy of residual soils. This study presents how the inherent anisotropy affects the strength of natural granite residual soils under generalized conditions, where intact specimens were carefully prepared and sheared under triaxial compression, extension, simple shear, and hollow cylinder torsional shear tests. The strength of natural residual soil, in terms of ultimate stress ratio M and undrained shear strength S_u, is found to be significantly anisotropic in a different way from normally consolidated clays with the maximum strength obtained under triaxial compression and the minimum under simple shear or at intermediate principal stress direction. As a result, the existing method failed to measure the anisotropy degree of the studied soil. Two parameters were proposed accordingly to quantify the anisotropic strength under general conditions, taking the special strength anisotropy pattern and cohesive-frictional nature of GRS into account. The proposed parameters enable the direct comparison of strength anisotropy among soils. This study serves as a data set to better understand residual soils regarding their anisotropic behaviors under generalized conditions. Although specific to granite residual soils in China, this study is expected to be more widely applicable to other weathered geomaterials.

     

国内外CO2地质封存潜力评价方法研究现状

碳捕集与封存(Carbon Capture and Storage,CCS)技术作为缓解全球气候变暖、减少CO₂排放的有效路径之一,其潜力评估至关重要。目前CCS技术主要包括CO₂强化石油(天然气)开采封存技术、CO₂驱替煤层气封存技术以及咸水层CO₂封存技术3类。各类封存技术利用了不同的封存机制,其潜力评估方法也略有差别。油气藏封存和咸水层封存主要利用了构造圈闭储存、束缚空间储存、溶解储存、矿化储存等封存机制,煤层气封存主要利用了吸附封存机制。国内外学者和机构针对各类封存技术提出了相应的计算方法,依据其计算原理可归纳为4类: 物质平衡封存量计算法、有效容积封存量计算法、溶解机制封存量计算法以及考虑多种捕获机制的综合封存量计算法。通过对各类经典方法及其计算原理进行综述,剖析潜力封存量计算方法的内涵原理和应用场景,分析了CO₂地质封存潜力评价方法在实际应用中面临的问题,有助于提升我国的CCS潜力评价质量。     

市级自然资源调查监测体系构建探索——以徐州市为例

自然资源调查是实现自然资源统一管理的重要前提和基础性工作。本文通过对自然资源分类体系、调查方案和数据库组织的研究,构建了以第三次国土调查和各类专项调查数据为基础的自然资源调查监测体系,提出了新的数据库组织和更新方法,并在江苏省徐州市进行了实践验证,形成了地市级调查成果,旨在为全国范围内地级市自然资源调查工作提供参考,构建可复制、可推广的调查体系。