诸广山南部白云岩体岩石地球化学特征及成因

白云岩体位于诸广山南部岩体中东部,是一个重要的产铀岩体,其岩性为粗粒斑状黑云母花岗岩。在主量元素方面,该岩体的岩石富硅（SiO2平均为73.47%）、富铝（A/CNK值平均为1.09）和高的K2O/Na2O值（平均为1.99）;在微量元素方面,富集大离子元素Rb、Th,而Ba、Sr、Ti、Nb、Ta、P亏损明显,具有高的Rb/Sr（平均为6.22）和Rb/Nb值（平均为29.07）,富含铀（平均为9.04×10-6）,可为岩体内铀矿床的形成提供铀源;轻稀土元素富集和轻、重稀土元素分馏相对明显,稀土元素配分曲线呈右倾型,Eu亏损明显;在同位素方面,εNd（t）值低（平均为-10.6）,（87Sr/86Sr）i值高（平均为0.71688）,Nd模式年龄古老（1865～1874 Ma）。这些特征表明,白云岩体属于典型的壳源型花岗岩,是在华南地块和印支地块碰撞结束后不久形成的伸展构造环境中,位于地壳中-下部的古-中元古代地壳组分在伸展、减薄作用产生的减压、导水和地幔上涌等因素的综合影响下,由泥质岩源区发生部分熔融而形成。     

四川丹巴伟晶岩型白云母矿床的成矿流体研究

四川丹巴伟晶岩型白云母矿床是我国第二大白云母产地,但其研究程度很低,形成机理的研究停留在定性推断的水平上,本文拟从流体的角度来研究其形成机理。丹巴北部的布衣沟位于白云母矿区的中心地带,自西向东穿过混合岩化变质带→部分混合岩化变质带→夕石化变质带,分布有蒋家→下蒋家→水大→二道桥等伟晶岩矿脉,其流体包裹体的均一温度峰值依次降低,CO2-H2O包裹体的数量逐渐减少,盐度有增高的趋势。碳、氢、氧同位素示踪出成岩成矿流体主要由携带深源碳的岩浆热液、建造水及脱碳反应产生的CO2组成。从蒋家→下蒋家→水大→二道桥伟晶岩脉,流体中的CO2/CH4和CO2/N2呈降低。这些特征显示出成岩成矿流体的演化过程:携带深源碳的岩浆热液自春牛场穹隆体的深部向外迁移,在部分混合岩化带与脱碳反应产生的CO2混合,在夕石带与建造水混合而稀释。因此丹巴白云母矿床属于“岩浆 变质”混合成因。     

不同产地绿松石无损检测及岩相结构特征研究

概述了绿松石的使用历史和产地来源。利用质子激发X射线荧光光谱（PIXE）、X射线衍射（XRD）及扫描电镜（SEM）技术对来自伊朗、湖北郧县和西藏等地的绿松石样品进行岩石矿物学特征分析，从成分组成方面探讨绿松石的呈色机理。结果显示，不同产地、不同质地绿松石的成分组成存在较大差别，但主成分含量基本一致；绿松石的颜色主要由其中CuO和Fe2O3的含量比值变化决定，比值由大至小，实现了绿松石颜色由天蓝色到绿色的转变。     

酸性环境干湿循环对泥质砂岩力学特性影响的试验研究

由于库水位升降及降雨等原因,岩体经常处于干湿交替状态,对岩体工程的长期稳定性不利。以三峡库区泥质砂岩为研究对象,进行了酸性环境干湿循环交替作用后的常规单轴与三轴压缩试验研究,获得了泥质砂岩在酸性溶液浸泡干湿循环后的相关力学参数。相对于没有经过干湿循环作用的干燥试件,经过不同次数的干湿循环作用后,泥质砂岩的弹性模量、单轴抗压强度、黏聚力与内摩擦角都有不同程度的降低。各个力学指标的总体变化趋势是在第一次饱水之后有大幅度的降低,此后随着干湿循环次数的增加其降低的幅度逐渐减小。同时,酸性溶液的pH值对力学指标的影响很大,存在对泥质砂岩力学性能影响较大的一个临界pH值,低于此值酸性溶液对泥质砂岩力学性能影响显著增大,高于此值酸性溶液对其力学性能影响较小。     

成都粘土地球化学特征及其对物源和风化强度的指示

提要：成都平原晚更新世成都粘土地球化学分析表明,不同剖面样品的化学组成具有较好的一致性,以SiO2（平均75.24%）、Al2O3（平均14.12%）、Fe2O3（平均5.81%）为主,地球化学特征与UCC基本相似。与北方黄土相比,成都粘土具有较高的TiO2/Al2O3、Zr/Al、Zr/Ti和Y/Al以及较低的Eu/Eu?鄢、LaN/SmN和LaN/YbN比值,这些特征与成都平原第四系深层土壤样品组成一致,表明成都粘土来源于当地,与北方黄土物源不同。成都粘土CIA平均值为78.59,高于北方黄土平均值（69.34）,经历了中期的K迁移阶段,在风化过程中Ca、Na、Mg和K是主要的活动性元素。与北方黄土相比,成都粘土Na、Mg、K和Ca亏损较大,表明经历了更强的化学风化。     

Elements and Element Components of the Rural Landscape in Linpan of Western Sichuan in Relation to Perception,Preference and Stress Recovery

Natural environments contribute to people’s perception, preference and health restoration. Many researchers have focused either on the positive effects of overall rural environments on stress recovery or concentrated on the perception and preference aspects of the rural landscape, but few have integrated perception, preference and stress recovery simultaneously. This paper developed a framework which includes 11 elements and 38 element components related to Linpan, China, and distributed it online as part of a survey. As a result, a total of 324 valid questionnaires were collected. The questionnaire included demographic details, perception and preference degree for Linpan, as well as self-estimations of stress recovery. Stepwise multiple linear regression was employed, and revealed 16 significant predictors for the perception, preference and stress recovery in rural environments. In terms of elements, atmosphere and imagery were the two elements that could be best perceived, while woodland, farmland, water, residence and road were the five most important elements for the preference. Moreover, seven elements were also identified as significant predictors for stress recovery. Among the element components, tranquility as well as road and water proximity were the two significant predictors for perception, while wide visibility as well as woodland and residence blending contributed significantly to stress recovery. The five element components of woodland interior, vegetable field, stream, courtyard space and branch road each had a significantly predictive ability for preference and stress recovery. These findings extend the understanding of the perception, preference and restorative properties of rural environments through the combination of elements and element components in Linpan of Western Sichuan, helping to improve the quality and characteristics of rural external and internal environments and create health-promoting environments.     

Progress and prospect of research on forest landscape model

The Forest Landscape Model (FLM) is an efficiency tool of quantified expression of forest ecosystem''s structure and function. This paper, on the basis of identifying FLM, according to the stage of development, summarizes the development characteristics of the model, which includes the theoretical foundation of mathematical model, FLM of stand-scale, primary development of spatial landscape model, rapid development of ecosystem process model as the priority, and developing period of structure and process driven by multi-factor. According to the characteristics of different FLMs, this paper classifies the existing FLM in terms of mechanism, property and application, and elaborates the identifications, advantages and disadvantages of different types of models. It summarizes and evaluates the main application fields of existing models from two aspects which are the changes of spatial pattern and ecological process. Eventually, this paper presents FLM''s challenges and directions of development in the future, including: (1) more prominent service on the practical strategy of forest management''s objectives; (2) construction of multi-modules and multi-plugin to satisfy landscape research demand in various conditions; (3) adoption of high resolution''s spatial-temporal data; (4) structural construction of multi-version module; (5) improving the spatial suitability of model application.     

137Cs和210Pb测年的青海湖西北沉积速率研究

对沉积物柱样1,2的137Cs和210Pb定年分析,这两个样品137Cs最大蓄积峰值出现的年份分别为1963年和1986年。利用沉积物中137Cs蓄积峰,计算沉积物的深度沉积速率分别为0.153 1 cm·a-1、0.153 8 cm·a-1,计算出的质量堆积速率分别为0.048 4 g·a-1·cm-2、0.048 2 g·a-1·cm-2。210Pb计算出的两个柱样的沉积速率分别为0.052 0 g·a-1·cm-2,0.051 4 g·a-1·cm-2,137Cs和210Pb计算出的沉积速率,结果较为一致。由此可见,利用137Cs和210Pb综合定年,相互印证,可以消除一些偶然因素带来的定年偏差,进而较准确地计算湖泊沉积速率,这对研究青海湖近现代环境变化具有一定的现实意义。     

微波消解-电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铁矿石中15个稀土元素

分析地质样品中稀土元素的含量,现有的方法都受到基体干扰和共存元素干扰,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)已在痕量元素分析中得到广泛应用,通过条件优化可准确测定稀土元素。本文建立了ICP-MS同时测定铁矿石中钇镧铈镨钕钐铕钆铽镝钬铒铥镱镥15个稀土元素的方法,样品用盐酸、硝酸和氢氟酸高温密闭消解,消解完全后转移定容,在线加入¹⁰³Rh、¹¹⁵In、¹⁸⁵Re内标液进行测定,方法回收率为95%~104%,精密度(RSD)≤3.5%。对12个国家24个代表性主产区进口的铁矿石样品进行检测,分析其稀土元素的配分模式特征为右倾型轻稀土富集,现阶段的进口铁矿粉多为多产区复合配矿。本方法较其他传统方法大幅降低能耗,提高了分析效率,初步探讨的稀土元素丰度特征可为研究主产区铁矿石的矿床成因、提高我国烧结球团矿的加工工艺提供依据。     

甘肃龙首山碱交代型铀矿床绿泥石特征及意义

绿泥石化是龙首山铀矿床重要的蚀变类型之一。通过对龙首山碱交代型铀矿床的绿泥石等蚀变矿物进行的岩相学和电子探针成分分析研究,确定了龙首山地区绿泥石的化学类型主要为铁镁绿泥石,少数为蠕绿泥石。依据绿泥石成因或与共生矿物的关系,绿泥石可被划分为黑云母蚀变型、长石蚀变型、沥青铀矿共生型和副矿物共生型等4种类型。泥质岩是本区绿泥石的主要原岩类型,是多期次地质作用形成的产物。研究认为,龙首山地区碱交代型铀矿床的成矿过程可表述为矿前期在相对较高温度的热液流体作用下,黑云母发生绿泥石化蚀变,随后热液继续交代长石,形成长石蚀变型绿泥石,进而在成矿期热液温度相对较低的条件下形成与沥青铀矿紧密共生的绿泥石。绿泥石在铀成矿过程中不但活化了花岗岩里的铀,而且还给铀矿化供应了相对良好的积淀环境。