无人海洋测绘技术体系构建

随着无人技术的快速发展,无人测绘的时代即将到来。本文分析了无人时代技术特征与海洋测绘发展机遇;讨论了无人海洋测绘新理念,构建了无人海洋测绘技术体系,论述了无人海洋测绘技术关键技术;展望了无人海洋测绘技术发展趋势,及其在海洋经济、海洋可持续发展中的应用前景。     

基于电化学法的铬盐清洁生产工艺研究

现有铬盐生产技术阻碍了铬盐行业的清洁化发展,研发新型铬盐生产技术实属必要。中国科学院青海盐湖研究所自行研发出一套以电化学法为基础的铬盐清洁生产工艺,涵盖三条大工艺和四种母系铬盐产品。包括氢氧化钠溶液中电化学氧化铬铁制备铬酸钠联产三氧化二铬和三氧化二铁工艺,离子膜电解法从铬酸钠合成重铬酸钠工艺,以及离子膜电解法从重铬酸钠合成铬酸酐工艺。相比现有铬盐生产技术,该技术的优势主要体现在以下五点:温和化、去渣化、高值化、自动化和高效化。目前相关研发工作业已走出实验室,走过产业化中间试验,正向产业化示范线迈进。     

Research on the Optimization of Capital for the Governance of Bulk Coal in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region

Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei each contributed to the comprehensive governance of bulk coal to treat bulk coal pollution in a mutually beneficial way in 2017. The cooperative game theory is used in this paper to study the environmental benefits and cost effectiveness brought about by this comprehensive governance strategy, primarily focusing on the issue of how to maximize the environmental benefits by choosing an appropriate strategy since the benefits to Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei are closely related. Therefore, the linear optimization, game theory and Shapley value method in the cooperative game model are used to find the ways to minimize the total governance cost of bulk coal in the three areas. In addition, the issues of how to carry out rational distribution and transfer of governance capital among the three places are explored according to the actual amounts of consumption of bulk coal, the influence of the coal burning on the PM_2.5 and the actual cost of coal governance in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei in 2017. The results show that the governance task in Hebei Province is the most onerous, and requires more investment than the other two cities. Thus, it requires the support from other two cities, with the amount of increased capital required of about 600 million Yuan. At the same time, the cost saved after optimization in Tianjin is calculated to be the largest, which thus can be adjusted appropriately and allocated to Hebei for the governance of bulk coal. The model constructed in this paper can not only be used to solve the issues related to bulk coal consumption in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, but also to carry out the effective distribution of capital, by which a win-win scenario among the three places can be achieved.     

Water Cooperation Priorities in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin Based on Cooperative Events Since the Mekong River Commission Establishment

The Lancang-Mekong River has attracted much attention from researchers, but the cooperation on water issues in this river basin has been limited, even after the establishment of the Mekong River Commission(MRC). Cooperation on water resources has been determined as one of the key priority areas in the Lancang-Mekong Cooperation Mechanism, but there are no details of targets. In order to establish the priorities of water cooperation under the mechanism, we adopted nine categories to classify the objectives of 87 water cooperation events based on the ‘Lancang-Mekong Water Cooperative Events Database' from 1995 to 2015. Based on the occurrence of cooperative events, cooperative objectives, cooperative scales, and approaches to cooperation, we conducted statistical, correlation, and text analyses. Our analyses indicated the following results: under the impact of economic conditions inside and outside the river basin, full cooperation appeared more difficult than bilateral and multilateral cooperation. Each of the partners adopted different preferences for cooperation targets. Cooperation with more definite objectives was easier to establish than cooperation with broader and more complex objectives. The potential objectives for water cooperation were navigation, hydropower, joint management, data sharing, flood control and water use. Because hydropower development is controversial, and because water cooperation is avoided by most existing regional cooperation mechanisms due to its complexity, we suggest the following priority areas for water cooperation in the Lancang-Mekong River Basin. 1) Navigation and flood control/drought relief are attractive objectives for all the riparian countries across the whole watershed. 2) Data sharing should be a priority for cooperation in the watershed due to its laying the foundation for the equitable and reasonable utilization of transboundary waters. 3) Hydropower is an objective best implemented mainly through bilateral cooperation, and on tributaries.     

A Gaussian process regression-based sea surface temperature interpolation algorithm

The resolution of ocean reanalysis datasets is generally low because of the limited resolution of their associated numerical models. Low-resolution ocean reanal...     

河套盆地北缘色尔滕山河流地貌参数特征及其成因分析

地貌形态是构造和地表过程相互作用的复杂产物,主要通过构造活动和岩石的抗侵蚀能力等来调节。构造活动相对较弱的古老造山带往往可以忽略构造驱动的岩石抬升,使得研究岩石抗侵蚀能力对其地貌雕刻的贡献成为可能。但是目前大多数活动造山带地貌研究的结果显示地貌主要受控于活动构造,关于岩性对地貌演化影响的报道较少。色尔滕山山前断裂为河套盆地北缘的一条重要控盆断裂,全新世以来该断裂的活动性较强,曾发生过两次较大震级地震（M6. 4和M5. 9）。前人活动构造研究表明该断裂的活动性具有空间差异,中部乌加河镇活动性最强,两端逐渐减弱。但相对河套盆地北缘其他大型断裂（如狼山山前断裂、乌拉山北缘断裂和大青山山前断裂）,该断裂的地貌参数研究较少。同时其地貌演化特征及发育机理仍然不清楚,这些均制约了对该断裂的变形动力学理解。本文基于30 m分辨率的DEM数据对该断裂进行详细的河流地貌学参数研究,包括使用Arcgis和Matlab脚本提取色尔滕山山前33条河流的子流域盆地面积 高程积分（HI）和相应河道陡峭指数（Ksn）、河道纵剖面及其裂点等地貌学参数。结果表明研究区河流HI值大部分处于0. 40~0. 66之间,其中乌加河镇附近具有高值,流域盆地处于发育的壮年期。瞬态河道和稳态河道均沿着色尔滕山山前断裂走向分布,可能表明色尔滕山山前大部分河道目前处于瞬时地貌向均衡地貌演化阶段,并且通过对比发现瞬态河道裂点成因存在岩性和构造共同控制的现象。河道陡峭指数空间分布差异性较大,乌加河镇附近（S13~S20）陡峭指数较大,向两边陡峭指数逐渐减小,在S8河流以西又有增大的趋势。通过结合岩性和降雨情况分析发现,河道陡峭指数除了受岩性抗侵蚀能力影响外,其分布还与色尔滕山山前断裂垂直滑移速率分布和垂直位错分布基本一致。综合来看,地貌参数的空间分布是岩性差异和色尔滕山山前断裂活动分段差异性共同控制的结果,表明该地区岩性和构造对地貌的协同塑造作用。     

GPS卫星原子钟频率稳定度表征方法分析

原子钟频率稳定度的表征通常在时域和频域进行,而对于“尺度域”小波方差表征方法的分析研究较少。对该方法进行系统归纳总结的基础上,给出时域尺度域两类不同表征方法的实用计算公式及其置信度计算方法,通过对各种方差特性的比较分析,指出其适用范围。分析表明：时域系列方差计算简单、直接,各具特点,可以满足不同的实际需要;尺度域的小波方差是一种具有独特优越性的新方法,但可以达到时域表征方法的效果,适用于进行原子钟频率稳定度的估计。     

北京市基础地理信息DLG数据库物理无缝数据层的更新方法探讨

针对北京市基础地理信息DLG数据库物理无缝数据层的更新方案进行了探讨,并介绍了具体更新流程设计及相应的更新编辑实施方法,旨在建立一种高效可行的物理无缝数据更新机制,以减少对不同比例尺每一版更新数据的重复拼接整合工作。     

关于底质二向性反射分布函数

二向性反射分布函数(Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function)是遥感技术发展到一定阶段的产物。在水色遥感领域,目前研究文献不是很多。本文综述了国内外湖体底质BRDF的研究现状,并指出了其仍待解决问题。     

近年来长江河口北支水沙特性与河槽稳定性分析

根据崇头、青龙港、三条港和连兴港1950～2001年潮汐潮流观测资料和2005年6～7月的大、中、小潮及2007年5月5～10日沿北支河槽进行的两个连续潮周期水、沙、盐的现场观测数据并结合参考2005年的实测地形图.通过对长时间序列(1950～2001年)的分流比、年均流量、潮位、潮历时等数据的整理分析并与近期(1998～2005年)的水文特征值比较,发现随着北支分流量逐渐减少,河槽内强烈的潮波已成为影响北支河槽不稳定的主要因素;青龙港近年来(1998～2005年)平均高、低潮位出现增高,比多年(1950～2001年)平均高、低潮位分别高出15和17cm,是北支河床近年来持续性淤浅的体现;大潮期间北支河槽涨潮含沙量无论量值还是扩散强度均大于落潮,明显表现出河口涨潮槽具有的泥沙运动规律.自2001年以来除少数年份的小潮汛外,均表现出明显的涨潮优势,其中2002年3月大潮的潮量优势流仅为9.42%,显示出涨潮优势十分明显,说明北支河槽近几年来正朝着衰退的过程发展;2005年北支河槽-2、-4和-6 m等深线均呈喇叭状,闭合端指向上游,符合涨潮槽的几何形态;再从河槽类型系数(λ)看,大潮期间λ值均大于1,最大值为31.1,涨潮槽特征显著;而洪季中、小潮各测站λ值均小于1,最小值为0.000 3,A、B两测站在大潮时λ值均大于1,而小潮时又都小于1,显示北支河槽虽主要表现为涨潮槽的特征,但洪季受径流和潮汛影响,其涨潮槽特性不稳定.总体而言,目前北支河槽为一条不稳定的废弃型涨潮槽.