西南山区某气井井场地基稳定性模拟分析

中国西南山区蕴藏着丰富的天然气资源,但随着开发规模的日益扩大,天然气井逐步转向山区这类地质环境恶劣的地区。本文以西南山区某气井为原型,在详细阐明井场区地质环境背景特征的基础上,首先对井场出现的典型地质问题——地下采空区进行定性判断和分析;之后选用F lac-2D有限差分软件,对井场加载前/后地下采空区可能造成的井场地基应力和变形特征,采用双洞和采空区这2种计算模型,进行数值模拟分析。模拟结果表明,井场加载前/后地基最大位移量为2 mm,地基局部地段出现拉应力区,但总体上地基稳定。研究结论将为后期建设中井场建筑物的优化布局及基础的选型提供依据。     

确定天然气水合物饱和度的测井解释新方法

为了丰富和发展天然气水合物的定性识别方法和定量解释技术,研究试验了由测井资料计算孔隙水的氯离子质量浓度并确定水合物饱和度的方法。根据南海某海域水合物储层的测井特征和孔隙水氯离子质量浓度化验结果,证实了氯离子质量浓度与水合物饱和度有密切关系。利用孔隙度测井和电阻率测井资料,计算了孔隙水的氯离子质量浓度,由此确定了天然气水合物的饱和度。为了提高测井解释的可靠性,用回归方法建立了储层的孔隙度解释公式,确定了相应的阿尔奇参数m和a,用滤波和插值的方法得到了目的层的氯离子质量浓度的背景值。初步应用表明,由测井解释氯离子质量浓度计算的水合物饱和度与化验结果的平均值和分布范围都有较好的匹配。     

地下水质量综合评价方法优选与分析——以滹沱河冲洪积扇为例

地下水质量评价方法是决定地下水质量评价工作的关键环节。以滹沱河冲洪积扇为研究区,通过对比内梅罗指数法和模糊数学综合评价法,得出参评指标中痕量指标较多时,内梅罗指数法评价结果受极值影响较大,并且未考虑参评指标权重及评价结果的物理意义难以界定,不适用于综合指标评价;模糊数学综合评价法的相乘相加算子考虑了所有参评指标的权重,并以隶属状况判定评价等级,评价方法较为合理,但是当单项毒理指标超标但浓度较低时评价结果失真,经修正后失真情况得以消除,评价结果也较为客观。     

主应力方向变化路径下等压固结粉土强度特性差异和能量评价方法研究

主应力轴方向旋转变化是地基在波浪、车辆等荷载作用下经受的一种复杂而典型动力路径特征,为研究粉土在不同主应力轴方向变换条件下的强度特性差异,以初始密实度为70％的长江入海口饱和粉土空心试样为对象开展主应力轴旋转、拉压交变动三轴和双幅扭剪三轴试验。试验发现,等压固结条件下3种路径均使试样出现小应变崩塌液化破坏,且崩塌应力状态,可在p’-q空间中用近似平行的一组准不稳定相态线归一。而在液化和崩塌振次上,以同剪应力峰值的动扭剪下最高,动三轴次之,主应力轴旋转最低。在此基础上,提出采用崩塌损耗能对不同路径下土体动强度进行评价,结果表明,崩塌损耗能与剪应力幅值无显著关系,而在上述3种动力路径中,试样崩塌损耗能依次降低,这与3种路径下得到崩塌时刻递增的有效围压特征相匹配。崩塌能强度标准的采用,克服了复杂动力路径下由于剪应力恒定或循环变化造成应力水平无法统一而干扰强度评价的不足     

ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE UNUSUAL TRACK OF TYPHOON MORAKOT (0908) AND THE UPPER WESTERLY TROUGH

In this paper,by carrying out sensitivity tests of initial conditions and diagnostic analysis of physical fields,the impact factors and the physical mechanism of the unusual track of Morakot in the Taiwan Strait are discussed and examined based on the potential vorticity(PV)inversion.The diagnostic results of NCEP data showed that Morakot’s track was mainly steered by the subtropical high.The breaking of a high-pressure zone was the main cause for the northward turn of Morakot.A sensitivity test of initial conditions showed that the existence of upper-level trough was the leading factor for the breaking of the high-pressure zone.When the intensity was strengthened of the upper-level trough at initial time,the high-pressure zone would break ahead of time,leading to the early northward turn of Morakot.Conversely,when the intensity was weakened,the breaking of the high-pressure zone would be delayed.Especially,when the intensity was weakened to a certain extent,the high-pressure zone would not break.The typhoon,steered by the easterly flow to the south of the high-pressure zone,would keep moving westward,with no turn in the test.The diagnostic analysis of the physical fields based on the sensitivity test revealed that positive vorticity advection and cold advection associated with the upper-level trough weakened the intensity of the high-pressure zone.The upper-level trough affected typhoon’s track indirectly by influencing the high-pressure zone.     

能量桩单桩工作特性简化分析方法

基于荷载传递法,建立了热力耦合作用下能量桩单桩工作特性的简化分析方法。该方法中将桩-土荷载传递函数取为双曲线,采用曼辛法则模拟温度循环过程中桩-土界面的卸载和再加载特性,通过再加载过程中刚度的折减近似考虑塑性变形的积累。利用矩阵位移法求解控制方程组后可直接得到任意温度-力学组合作用下的桩体变形、桩身轴力、桩侧阻力和桩端阻力,无需事先假设温度位移零点的位置。通过与试验数据的对比分析,验证了所提方法的可靠性。结合算例,研究了能量桩的长期工作特性。结果表明,温度循环会造成自由桩的桩顶沉降增加,固定桩的桩顶应力减小,温度循环的影响与桩顶静力荷载水平和土体刚度的衰减程度密切相关。     

三维加筋边坡地震稳定性上限分析

基于极限分析上限定理,考虑均匀加筋和三角形加筋两种加筋模式,采用拟静力分析方法推导了一定边坡高度条件下的三维加筋边坡临界加筋强度的计算公式。通过与已有文献结果的对比,验证了所提方法的正确性,并讨论了边坡宽高比、水平和竖向地震力系数对三维边坡稳定性的影响。结果表明:地震力作用下边坡临界加筋强度随边坡宽高比的增大而增加,但其变化速率逐渐减小,当边坡宽高比大于10时,三维边坡加筋强度与二维情况相近;随着水平地震作用的增大,三维边坡临界加筋强度呈非线性增大;随着竖向地震作用的增大,临界加筋强度大致呈线性增加,且随着坡角的增大,竖向地震作用对临界加筋强度的影响更加显著;两种加筋模式下的边坡临界加筋强度值变化规律一致,且三角形加筋模式所需的加筋强度较小,效果较优。最后,针对实际工程提出了一些工程建议。     

基于微结构模拟的土体自相关距离分析

土体具有显著的空间变异性,描述土体空间变异性的重要指标是自相关距离。提出基于土体微结构模拟的方法来求解土体的自相关距离。在生成土体的微结构数值模型时,对四参数随机生长法（QSGS法）进行改进,考虑土体的粒径分布信息,使得生成的土体微结构更加合理。改进的四参数随机生长法（MQSGS法）所需的输入参数可以结合土体的扫描电镜试验及粒径分析试验获取。基于生成的土体微结构数值模型,即可计算土体的2点自相关函数,再通过曲线拟合即可求解土体的自相关距离。研究表明：与QSGS法相比,采用MQSGS法生成的土体微结构更加符合自然界的真实土体;基于MQSGS法生成的微结构数值模型计算得到的土体自相关距离略小于QSGS法得出的自相关距离。     

Ten Major Scientific and Technological Progresses of theChinese Geological Survey in 2018

正The China Geological Survey has annually invested tens of billions of yuan in China's geological surveys in order to set up ten major plans, 60 programs and more than 400 projects, which will deliver hundreds of geological survey results every year. In early 2019, the China Geological Survey organized relevant experts to select ten major achievements among the completed projects of 2018,which were awarded the"Ten Major     

China’s Geological Science and Technology Has Made New Progress during 2018

正(1) Major scientific and technological innovations have been made in the Deep Continental Scientific Drilling Project of the Songliao Basin Well Songke 2 has a drilling depth of 7018 m. The large-bore coring technology system for ultra-deep wells has overcome major technical problems in deep exploration of the earth, such as ultra-high temperature drilling technology, and has created four world records. Two kinds