利用全站仪测量地形要素顶部特征点的方法

本文主要研究了全站仪在三维数字地形图测绘中的应用,获得三维地形图要素的底部特征点相当简单,关键是地形要素顶部特征点利用全站仪是怎样获取的,本文通过几种方法和对应的实测数据对这方面问题进行了研究和分析,最后得出全站仪测量三维数字地形图可行性.     

Human Health Risk Assessment Model of Organic Pollution in Groundwater: Shijiazhuang Industrial Zone

In this study, a risk-based management model is developed and applied to an industrial zone. The models proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency and Han Bing have been improved by adding a residual ratio of volatile organic compounds (VOC) after boiling and deleting the related parameters in half-life. Using this improved model, an integrated process was used to assess human health risk level in the study area. Compared with water quality analysis, the results highlight the importance of applying an integrated approach for decision making on risk levels and water protection. The results of this study demonstrated that: (1) Compared with these permissible level standards in China (GB 3838-2002) and National Primary Drinking Water Regulations of the United States, the residents’ daily life had not been affected by the groundwater in this area (except for relative bad water quality of HB3-4 and HB3-6); (2) The typical detected organic contaminants of all groundwater samples were chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethene, and the pollution sources were mainly industrial sources by preliminary investigations; (3) As for groundwater, the non-carcinogenic risk values of all samples do not exceed the permissible level of 1.0 and the carcinogenic risk values are relatively lower than the permissible level of 1.00E-06 to 1.00E-04; (4) Drinking water pathway of trichloroethylene and tetrachloroethylene mainly contribute to increasing the health risk of residents’ in study areas; (5) In terms of non-carcinogenic risk and carcinogenic risk, the health risk order for drinking water pathway and dermal contact pathway was: drinking water pathway > dermal contact pathway.     

复杂金矿样品制样方法的试验研究

通过某金矿床矿石样品加工流程试验,制定出新的样品加工流程和制样方法,将细磨圆盘机改为棒磨机,将样品缩分从60目改为80目,使样品的均匀度和代表性大大提高;在制样过程中将样品的焙烧设计为两阶段,可以较好地分解金属硫化物及砷化物,形成易溶化合物,同时可有效除去样品中的S、As、C等杂质。为了使载金矿物充分溶解,选取了7种溶样方案进行了试验,结果显示用第一个方案分析的金矿样品质量明显提高。     

Analysis of characteristics of time-frequency correlations between runoff, tidal range and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary

Power spectrum and cross-wavelet transform analysis was adopted to study the time-frequency characteristics and multiscale correlations between runoff, tidal range and salinity in the Changjiang Estuary based on the runoff data collected at the Datong Station, the tidal range measured at the Baozhen Station, and the salinity at the Baogang Station from 2008 to 2009. The variations of the salinity showed significant periodicity at scales of 2-3, 7-8, 14-15 and 26-30 d. The correlation between the salinity and the runoff and the tidal range were found to be significantly related to shock at scales of 5-7, 14-15, 26-30 d and 0.5 a. The correlation between the runoff and the salinity was mainly in the same phase, while the correlation between the tidal range and the salinity was in the antiphase. Different frequency bands were related to different degrees, and their relevance increased as the resonance frequency decreased. In addition, changes of the seasonal runoff were obvious. Specifically, a point of discontinuity was reached in early June with a cycle of 7-8 d, which coincided with the periodicity of plum rains in the Changjiang-Huaihe region. High-frequency changes (8-16 d period) of the salinity corresponded to the time domain in January-April 2008, February-April 2009 and October-December 2009 and exhibited an approximately 0.5 a (184 d) long frequency oscillation. Short-period changes were found to be stronger than long-period changes. Cross-wavelet transforms for the salinity, the runoff and the tidal range revealed local features in the time domain, while the significant levels of different periodic oscillations were observed in the frequency domain. The correlation characteristics of the salinity and the runoff were significant in the 80-90 d frequency domain, indicating that the major impact of the runoff on the salinity was reflected in seasonal changes. The tidal range on the small scale of 14-15 and 30-32 d was more obvious than the runoff.     

基于ESDA的兰州-西宁城镇密集区经济空间差异分析

以兰州-西宁城镇密集区35个城镇为研究对象,选取表征城镇经济发展水平的12项指标和4个时间截面,运用主成分分析、ESDA空间自相关分析等方法,从空间动态的角度对城镇密集区县域总体和局部空间差异的变化趋势、特征及成因进行了初步探索.结果表明:(1)自1995年以来,兰州-西宁城镇密集区总体经济空间差异还较大,但有逐渐缩小...     

西藏中部构造特征及印度板块仰冲问题

以负磁场为背景的航磁特征,揭示了基底是由浅变质的副变质岩组成的,属于柔性基底。 藏北断裂在磁场图上不明显。 雅鲁藏布江断裂是举世闻名的缝合线。反映雅鲁藏布江断裂的航磁异常带,具有强度大、连续性好和长度大的特点,为世界上罕见的大陆线性异常带。地面地质和各种地球物理资料查明断面是南倾的。 晚三迭世开始,印度板块在特提斯洋壳上向北仰冲,并导致特提斯在始新世的关闭。两大陆碰撞后,仰冲运动结束,代之以印度板块对欧亚板块南缘的推挤。     

基于街景影像和手机信令数据的城市街道安全性研究

城市化进程加快导致街道安全性问题突出,已有研究利用城市视觉要素刻画街道安全感空间分布,忽略了街道真实安全性与安全感间的差异。该文利用街景影像和手机信令数据,结合K-means聚类算法与笛卡尔积运算模型减少“安全感知差异”,以长沙市主城区为研究案例,得到白天、夜晚及总体城市街道安全性分布:1)长沙市主城区安全感指数随圈层数增加呈波动递减趋势,主要原因是建筑视觉要素占比下降较快以及天空视觉要素占比逐步上升;2)长沙市主城区呈双圈层结构,白天高安全性、夜晚低安全性以及总体安全性最低的区域主要分布在主城区中心,具有明显的聚集现象。该研究通过对城市街道安全性和低安全性街道的分析提出街道优化建议,为城市规划提供参考。