水脉泽寄主活动星系核的吸积率(英文)

水超脉泽辐射( 各向同性光度超过 10 个太阳光度) 通常在星系中心最内部的核区( 小于几个秒差距) 被发现,因而活动星系核被认为是其唯一的能量源。同其它没有检测到水脉泽辐射的活动星系核相比,水脉泽寄主活动星系核可能隐含着某种或某些特殊性质。基于此我们调研了已经公开发表的所有水脉泽源的 X 射线观测情况,得到了一个有 X 射线观测研究结果的子样本( 39 个源) 。由它们的 X 射线光度以及估算的黑洞质量,导出了它们的无量纲吸积率( logL2-10keV /LEdd,其中 L2-10keV和 LEdd分别是 2 - 10keV 的固有光度和爱丁顿光度) ; 与距离范围相当的、没有检测到水脉泽的活动星系核样本相比,发现脉泽寄主活动星系核有较高的吸积率。进一步分析比较这两个活动星系核样本的质量吸积率,也发现类似的趋势。此外,为了探索吸积率和水脉泽辐射间可能的内在联系,我们对它们的脉泽光度和吸积率进行了统计分析,然而结果显示二者之间没有明显的相关性。     

Investigation of the correlation between morphology and luminosity for two classes of main galaxies

Using an apparent-magnitude limited Main galaxy sample of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7(SDSS DR7), we investigate the correlation between morphologies and luminosity for the Main galaxy sample. Our Main galaxy sample is divided into two classes: Main galaxies only with TARGET_GALAXY flag (bestPrimtarget = 64), and ones also with other flags. It is found that for the second class Main galaxies, the early-type proportion monotonously increases with increasing luminosity nearly in the whole luminosity region. But for the first class Main galaxies, the early-type proportion increases with increasing luminosity only within a certain luminosity region (−22.2 < M _r  < −19.8). In the high luminosity region (M _r  < −22.2), the early-type proportion of the first class Main galaxies even decreases dramatically with increasing luminosity. We also analyze the correlation between morphologies and luminosity of galaxies around the peak of the redshift distribution ( 0.07 ≤ z ≤ 0.08 ). In such a narrow redshift region, we still observe strong correlation between morphologies and luminosity, which shows that this correlation is fundamental.     

南海东北部内潮的模态结构和传播

The evolution of energy, energy flux and modal structure of the internal tides(ITs) in the northeastern South China Sea is examined using the measurements at two moorings along a cross-slope section from the deep continental slope to the shallow continental shelf. The energy of both diurnal and semidiurnal ITs clearly shows a～14-day spring-neap cycle, but their phases lag that of barotropic tides, indicating that ITs are not generated on the continental slope. Observations of internal tidal energy flux suggest that they may be generated at the Luzon Strait and propagate west-northwest to the continental slope in the northwestern SCS. Because the continental slope is critical-supercritical with respect to diurnal ITs, about 4.6 kJ/m~2 of the incident energy and 8.7 kW/m of energy flux of diurnal ITs are reduced from the continental slope to the continental shelf. In contrast, the semidiurnal internal tides enter the shelf because of the sub-critical topography with respect to semidiurnal ITs.From the continental slope to the shelf, the vertical structure of diurnal ITs shows significant variation, with dominant Mode 1 on the deep slope and dominant higher modes on the shelf. On the contrary, the vertical structure of the semidiurnal ITs is stable, with dominant Mode 1.     

随机森林模型在遥感水深反演中的应用

随着我国浅海测绘需求的日益增长,文中利用四波段的WorldView-2高分辨率遥感影像,选取我国南海西沙群岛中的甘泉岛和台湾南湾地区作为典型试验区,开展水深反演研究。引入随机森林算法构建了随机森林水深反演模型,并同常用的3种水深反演模型进行精度对比。结果表明,在甘泉岛和南湾地区随机森林模型反演的水深值和真实水深值的RMSE分别为0.85 m和1.59 m,MRE分别为8%和12%,均优于其他3种模型。     

改进的移动粒子半隐式法模拟楔形体入水砰击

移动粒子半隐式法(Moving-Particle Semi-Implicit Method,MPS)是一种新的基于拉格朗日(Lagrange)理念的无网格方法,适用于模拟自由液面的大变形和水流的喷射现象。用基于大涡模拟的改进MPS法首先模拟了矩形体的入水砰击,砰击压力的计算结果证明了这种方法的正确性,然后模拟了楔形体的匀速入水砰击,并与实验结果进行了对比,验证了大涡模拟改进MPS法在砰击问题中的适用性。     

三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)外套膜无核珍珠颜色成因的育珠实验

用紫色蚌和非紫色蚌制取细胞小片,分别插入紫色蚌和非紫色蚌外套膜内,探究三角帆蚌(Hyriopsis cumingii)无核珍珠颜色与制片蚌、育珠蚌的关系;用不同类型制片蚌的不同部位制取细胞小片,分别插入育珠蚌外套膜内,进一步探究珍珠颜色与制片蚌珍珠质颜色的关系。结果表明,以紫色蚌为制片蚌,所产的珍珠为紫色系,珍珠紫色深浅与细胞小片所对应部位的制片蚌珍珠质紫色深浅呈正相关。以非紫色蚌为制片蚌,所产的珍珠有白色系和黄色系,珍珠黄色深浅与细胞小片所对应部位的制片蚌珍珠质黄色深浅呈正相关。三角帆蚌外套膜无核珍珠颜色是由提供细胞小片的制片蚌珍珠质颜色所决定,而与育珠蚌无关。该结论支持珍珠囊表皮细胞来自于移植细胞小片的观点。该结果表明,通过定向选育纯紫、纯白色贝壳珍珠质三角帆蚌新品系,即可培育出纯紫、纯白色无核珍珠。     

南海北部最小含氧带水下滑翔机观测结果初步分析*

最小含氧带(Oxygen Minimum Zone, OMZ)是指海洋中层水体处存在的稳定的溶解氧(Dissolved Oxygen, DO)极小值层, OMZ的分布与变化对南海生态系统和生地化循环具有重要意义。本文利用2019年7—9月“海翼”号水下滑翔机(Sea-wing Glider)在南海北部陆坡区的组网观测数据, 对南海北部陆坡区OMZ的空间分布特征进行了分析。结果显示, 在垂向上, 研究区域内DO极小值层出现在深度约700~900m处, 其浓度约为80~100μmol·L^-1, 且700~900m深度范围内DO浓度变化不大, 形成了厚度约为200m的OMZ。在水平方向上, OMZ自陆坡西南部起向东北方向延伸, 厚度由西南至东北逐渐变薄, 整体呈楔形分布, 并在靠近吕宋海峡处逐渐消失。此外, 本研究还选取了两台水下滑翔机7—8月连续两周内的观测数据, 经计算显示, OMZ区域内的DO浓度在跨陆坡方向上的平均变化速率为0.023μmol·L^-1·d^-1(增加), 在沿陆坡方向上为-0.034μmol·L^-1·d^-1(减少)。沿吕宋海峡入侵南海的高氧水能够解释OMZ东北部DO浓度局部升高的现象, OMZ的分布特征和形成原因与海水的平流运动、水团分布和水体层化等物理过程, 以及生物呼吸、有机物分解和还原性物质的氧化等多种影响因素有关。     

锦州湾表层海水微塑料分布特征

海洋微塑料是全球关注的新兴环境问题,海湾由于特殊的地理环境特征,成为微塑料分布研究的热点区域。本研究以锦州湾为研究海域,于2017年10月布设了11个点位开展表层海水微塑料样品采集,在实验室采用湿式氧化法开展样品前处理,应用傅立叶变换显微红外光谱仪分析鉴定微塑料成分。研究结果表明,锦州湾表层水体微塑料平均丰度为(0.93±0.59)个/m³,微塑料数量占全部塑料样品的96.2%。微塑料的主要成分为聚丙烯和聚乙烯,分别占55.0%和23.5%;线状和片状塑料的比例最高,分别占41.7%和26.2%;白色、蓝色和半透明微塑料分别占35.1%、26.0%和21.4%。受水动力条件和陆域河流输入等影响,锦州湾表层水体中微塑料的空间分布整体呈现北部偏高,向南部递减的趋势。     

阿姆河盆地侏罗系海相烃源岩地化特征及与中国海相烃源岩比较

阿姆河盆地上侏罗统海相烃源岩是一套公认的成熟烃源岩,其成熟度与中国古生界高-过成熟度海相烃源岩不同,通过对阿姆河右岸地区上侏罗统岩石样品的地球化学分析及与中国塔里木和华北、四川、吐哈、渤海湾等盆地类似烃源岩的比对,研究了阿姆河盆地成熟海相烃源岩地化特征,建立了有机质丰度与类型的评价标准与图版。结果表明:阿姆河盆地侏罗系存在灰岩和泥岩两类海相烃源岩,灰岩有机质丰度略高于塔里木盆地古生界和华北地台中上元古界灰岩,与四川盆地二叠系灰岩接近,泥岩有机质丰度与吐哈盆地侏罗系煤系泥岩相当,成倍好于塔里木盆地、华北地台海相泥岩;海相泥岩属于Ⅰ₂~Ⅱ型烃源岩,海相灰岩属于Ⅲ~Ⅱ型烃源岩,综合分析认为:1）阿姆河盆地上侏罗统灰岩好烃源岩有机碳含量标准为0.5%,泥岩好烃源岩有机碳含量标准为3%;2）以低等生物为主的海相碳酸盐岩或泥岩,其可溶有机质氯仿沥青“A”族组分、Pr/Ph与Ph/nC₁₈关系、甾烷ααα（C₂₇、C₂₈、C₂₉）-20R含量、多环芳香“三芴”系列等参数既揭示了烃源岩的生源环境,也是鉴别母质类型的良好参数。阿姆河盆地上侏罗统海相泥岩和灰岩烃源岩评价标准与图版的建立,对国外海相盆地油气资源评价具有重要意义。     

Effects of river damming on biogenic silica turnover: implications for biogeochemical carbon and nutrient cycles

Rivers link terrestrial ecosystems and marine ecosystems, and they transport large amounts of substances into oceans each year, including several forms of silicon (Si), carbon (C), and other nutrients. However, river damming affects the water flow and biogeochemical cycles of Si, C, and other nutrients through biogeochemical interacting processes. In this review, we first summarize the current understanding of the effects of river damming on the processes of biogeochemical Si cycle, especially the source, composition, and recycling process of biogenic silica (BSi). Then, we introduce dam impacts on the cycles of C and some other nutrients. Dissolved silicon in rivers is mainly released from phytolith dissolution and silicate weathering. BSi in suspended matter or sediments in most rivers mainly consists of phytoliths and mainly originates from soil erosion. However, diatom growth and deposition in many reservoirs formed by river interception may significantly increase the contribution of diatom Si to total BSi, and thus significantly influence the biogeochemical Si, C, and nutrient cycles. Yet the turnover of phytoliths and diatoms in different rivers formed by river damming is still poorly quantified. Thus, they should be further investigated to enhance our understanding about the effects of river damming on global biogeochemical Si, C and nutrient cycles.