湖南寒婆坳矿区热变质煤结构演化及其矿物学特征响应

采用X射线荧光光谱(XRF)、差热分析(DTA)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)和拉曼光谱(Raman)等表征手段对湖南寒婆坳矿区热变质煤的化学组分、物理性质、结构演化与其矿物学特征响应进行了研究。结果表明:岩浆侵入体的热力及构造应力作用促进煤化程度升高逐渐转变为隐晶质石墨,氢、碳原子数目比(H/C)逐渐降低,矿物主要为伊利石、绿泥石、叶蜡石、石英及黄铁矿等;随变质程度增加,真密度升高,孔隙度与电阻率降低;在400℃之后,失重曲线下降缓慢且斜率变小,显示深度裂解与脱落较少。d₀₀₂、L_a、L_c的演化趋势呈非线性变化,显示煤有机大分子结构向石墨化演化的过程中呈现"跃变";隐晶质石墨样品的晶体结构主要为2H型石墨结构,不同程度地含有3R多型,石墨化度为0.47～0.84,石墨晶体轴长a为0.2469～0.2471 nm,c为0.6738～0.6762 nm,晶胞体积V为0.03562～0.03570 nm³,显示靠近岩体晶胞体积减小;随着变质程度升高,L     

冲绳海槽中部岩心沉积物中浮岩的物理性质和地球化学特征差异及其对岩浆活动的指示

为进一步了解冲绳海槽浮岩的物理性质和地球化学特征差异,对冲绳海槽中部岩心沉积物S9中的浮岩进行了微观结构和地球化学组成分析。结果显示,冲绳海槽中部存在白色、灰白色及棕色3种浮岩,其中灰白色浮岩又可以根据构造特征分为气孔构造和流动构造浮岩两个亚类。浮岩的地球化学组成表明白色、灰白色及棕色浮岩都是由玄武质岩浆经过充分的分离结晶作用形成的流纹质或流纹英安质火山岩。玄武质岩浆在演化的过程中发生了斜长石、角闪石、辉石、Fe-Ti氧化物、磷灰石等矿物的结晶分离。结合有孔虫14C年龄,认为浮岩是冲绳海槽中部距今13.1 ka左右的长英质火山活动的产物。演化程度相对较低的棕色浮岩具有比白色浮岩高的TiO₂, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO, CaO含量,且棕色浮岩具有相对低的稀土总量和轻稀土总量。根据浮岩的物理性质及地球化学组成差异推测,岩浆的黏度和压力是影响浮岩构造特征的主要因素。黏度大、连续减压的岩浆易于形成具有流动构造和密集气孔的浮岩,黏度小、阶段性减压的岩浆易于形成气孔大而疏松的浮...     

融合多尺度视网膜图像增强的动态云检测

云检测是气象卫星各类定量遥感产品的基础,无论是以云图为基础的天气分析还是以去云为前提的各类大气和地表参数反演、沙尘火情等灾害检测,都需要对遥感影像中的云进行准确识别,尤其是薄云和云边缘等细节识别。针对静止气象卫星(以Himawari-8为例)精细化云检测,本文提出了一种基于多尺度视网膜图像增强的动态云检测算法。该算法基于云层与背景信息辐射特征不同的原理,构建可见光和红外波段的晴空辐射背景场,通过多尺度图像增强和最大类间差方法对辐射差值进行云细节信息的增强和提取。利用2021-2022年的75景MODIS云检测产品作为验证数据进行算法精度验证,整体上算法精度达到91.13%,召回率为94.02%,精确率为86.71%,有较强的适用性和稳健性,且已经较好地支撑了近两年的定量遥感产品业务化应用。     

1979年9月19日3B级耀斑光谱分析:金属线的不对称性和线心位移

本文研究了1979年9月19日3B级耀斑金属谱线的不对称性和线心位移.结果表明:强金属线红不对称占主要地位,少数弱金属线也有蓝不对称存在;不对称程度极大发生于线心强度极大之前;不对称性有时可由蓝变红;不管不对称程度如何,线心的位移却很小,总体上仅表现为极微弱的蓝移.文中认为,耀斑爆发时色球压缩区的向下扩展及由此引起的温度极小区上下的物质运动这个动力学过程可基本解释这些观测现象.金属线的研究是对H_α和CaIIK线光谱研究的补充.     

Variations in High-frequency Oscillations of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific

Variations in the high-frequency oscillations of tropical cyclones(TCs) over the western North Pacific(WNP) are studied in numerical model simulations. Power spectrum analysis of maximum wind speeds at 10 m(MWS_(10)) from an ensemble of15 simulated TCs shows that oscillations are significant for all TCs. The magnitudes of oscillations in MWS_(10) are similar in the WNP and South China Sea(SCS); however, the mean of the averaged significant periods in the SCS(1.93 h) is shorter than that in the open water of the WNP(2.83 h). The shorter period in the SCS is examined through an ensemble of simulations,and a case simulation as well as a sensitivity experiment in which the continent is replaced by ocean for Typhoon Hagupit(2008). The analysis of the convergence efficiency within the boundary layer suggests that the shorter periods in the SCS are possibly due to the stronger terrain effect, which intensifies convergence through greater friction. The enhanced convergence strengthens the disturbance of the gradient and thermal wind balances, and then contributes to the shorter oscillation periods in the SCS.     

Circulation Features Associated with the Record-breaking Typhoon Silence in August 2014

Climatologically, August is the month with the most tropical cyclone(TC) formation over the western North Pacific(WNP) during the typhoon season. In this study, the reason for abnormal TC activity during August is discussed—especially August 2014, when no TCs formed. The large-scale background of August 2014 is presented, with low-level large-scale easterly anomalies and anticyclonic anomalies dominating over the main TC genesis region, a weak monsoon trough system,and a strong WNP subtropical high(WPSH), leading to significantly reduced low-level convergence, upper-level divergence,and mid-level upward motion. These unfavorable large-scale conditions suppressed convection and cyclogenesis. In August2014, equatorial waves were inactive within the negative phase of the Madden–Julian Oscillation(MJO), with fewer tropical disturbances. Although the low-level vorticity and convection of those disturbances were partly promoted by the convective envelopes of equatorial waves, the integral evolution of disturbances, as well as the equatorial waves, were suppressed when propagating into the negative MJO phase. Moreover, the upper-level potential vorticity(PV) streamers associated with anticyclonic Rossby wave breaking events imported extratropical cold and dry air into the tropics. The peripheral tropospheric dryness and enhanced vertical wind shear by PV streamer intrusion combined with the negative MJO phase were responsible for the absence of TC formation over the WNP in August 2014.     

Atmospheric Response to Mesoscale Ocean Eddies over the South China Sea

The South China Sea(SCS) is an eddy-active area. Composite analyses based on 438 mesoscale ocean eddies during 2000–2012 revealed the status of the atmospheric boundary layer is influenced remarkably by such eddies. The results showed cold-core cyclonic(warm-core anticyclonic) eddies tend to cool(warm) the overlying atmosphere and cause surface winds to decelerate(accelerate). More than 5% of the total variance of turbulent heat fluxes, surface wind speed and evaporation rate are induced by mesoscale eddies. Furthermore, mesoscale eddies locally affect the columnar water vapor, cloud liquid water, and rain rate. Dynamical analyses indicated that both variations of atmospheric boundary layer stability and sea level pressure are responsible for atmospheric anomalies over mesoscale eddies. To reveal further details about the mechanisms of atmospheric responses to mesoscale eddies, atmospheric manifestations over a pair of cold and warm eddies in the southwestern SCS were simulated. Eddy-induced heat flux anomalies lead to changes in atmospheric stability. Thus, anomalous turbulence kinetic energy and friction velocity arise over the eddy dipole, which reduce(enhance) the vertical momentum transport over the cold(warm) eddy, resulting in the decrease(increase) of sea surface wind. Diagnoses of the model's momentum balance suggested that wind speed anomalies directly over the eddy dipole are dominated by vertical mixing terms within the atmospheric boundary layer, while wind anomalies on the edges of eddies are produced by atmospheric pressure gradient forces and atmospheric horizontal advection terms.     

中国自然地理学中的气候变化研究前沿进展

气候学是自然地理学的重要组成部分;过去气候变化和当代气候增暖的影响与适应研究是中国自然地理学在气候变化领域的2个主要研究方向。本文综述了这2个研究方向的主要进展,包括：分别简述研究的意义、发展历程与主要科学问题;梳理总结中国过去气候变化重建与时空特征分析,历史时期气候变化的影响,全球增暖背景下中国气候区划变动特征,全球增暖对中国自然生态系统、水资源、农业等方面影响的区域差异,气候变化的综合风险区划等方面的前沿进展,特别是在各方面所取得的主要科学认识;以期为未来的深入研究,特别是编制相关领域和学科发展战略提供参考。     

The Effect of Bioturbation Activity of the Ark Clam Scapharca subcrenata on the Fluxes of Nutrient Exchange at the Sediment–Water Interface

Filter-feeding shellfish are common benthos and significantly affect the biogeochemical cycle in the shallow coastal ecosystems.Ark clam Scapharca subcrenata is one of the widely cultured bivalve species in many coastal areas owing to its tremendous economic value.However,there is little information regarding the effects of the bioturbation of S.subcrenata on the fluxes of nutrient exchange in the sediment-water interface(SWI).In this regard,S.subcrenata was sampled during October 2016 to determine the effects of its bioturbation activity on the nutrient exchange flux of the SWI.The results showed that the biological activity of S.subcrenata could increase the diffusion depth and the rate of the nutrients exchange in the sediments.The bioturbation of S.subcrenata could allow the nutrients to permeate into the surface sediments at 6-10cm and increase the release rate of nutrients at the SWI.The releasing fluxes of DIN and PO43−-P in the culture area were found to be around three times higher than that in the non-cultured region.The culture of S.subcrenata has been proved to be an important contributor to nutrient exchange across the SWI in the farming area of Haizhou Bay.Nutrients exchange in the SWI contributes a part of 86%DIN,71%PO43−-P and 18%SiO32−-Si for the aquaculture farm.     

塔里木盆地轮南油田2、3井区三叠系沉积微相研究

三叠系作为塔里木盆地的主要含油气层系已逐渐被近几年来的油气勘探实践所证实.本文采取综合研究的技术思路和方法,通过取心分析、测井划相,结合开发动态资料,精细刻划各单油砂体在平面及空间上的微相展布.研究表明轮南油田三叠系砂岩,以含砾中粗粒砂岩为主,粒度较粗,重力流沉积特征较突出,以河湖相为主的碎屑岩沉积,其烃源岩主要发育于深湖-半深湖、浅湖和三角洲亚相,从大的韵律到小的层理都显示粒序递变的构造特征,为重力流悬浮搬运沉积的主要标志,存在辫状分支河道微相砂体,分支河道侧缘微相砂体和分支间湾微相砂体三种类型.中上三叠统粗碎屑岩,以及泥岩、粉砂岩,是以半深湖、浅湖至滨岸相环境为主的沉积,自下而上沉积环境分别发育有扇三角洲平原亚相、扇三角洲前缘亚相和前扇三角洲亚相.