美国东南部大陆边缘的天然气水合物利用宽角地震资料进行全波形约束和走时反演

利用BSR已完成美国东南边缘大约50000km2的地区编图，并已证实可能与大量天然气水合物有关。1992年6月，同时获得该地区的单道地震和宽角海底地震资料，主要集中在布莱克洋脊和卡罗来纳海隆，能清楚地观察到来自BSR的宽角反射偏移距（达6km）。为了了解区域性的变化和生成卡罗纳海隆高背景速度的二维平均速度模型，用宽角和垂直入射资料进行走时反演，然后做全波形反演业确定BSR的地震成因。最合适的模型显示了两处的BSR之下具相似的低速（1.4km/s），暗示圈闭了低饱和度（10％）的游离气，反演结果也显示有一薄层高速楱状体，最大速度为2.3km/s，刚好位于布莱克洋脊的BSR上方；计算了沉积物反射率，观察到卡罗来纳海隆具有较高的反射率，BSR之下的反射率增加几乎与两个站位的含气带对应。根据速度模型估算了水合物的浓度。另一方面，占沉积物总体积3%的水合物之平均浓度暗示布莱克洋脊地区水合物稳定带厚度少一半。卡罗来纳海隆水合物平均 浓度最大为20%，卡罗来纳海隆7%。这两处水合物浓度高，无法仅用原地生物活动来解释，可能与次生的聚集机制不关，因稳定域迁移引起水合物循环，可能影响两地的水合物凝聚。另外，流体向上排出的增加，也可以使 布莱克洋脊生存下去。     

Correlative changes in metabolism and DNA damage in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) exposed to benzo[a]pyrene

Juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were injected intraperitoneally with either corn oil or 5 mg/kg benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) dissolved in corn oil and sampled I and 3 days after injection. After 1 day, no elevation of 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity was observed, however bile metabolites (BaP-7,8 dihydrodiol representing 70% of the total metabolites) and a single hepatic DNA adduct spot (0.47 adducts/10(8) nucleotides) identified by 32P-postlabelling were formed. No BaP metabolites or DNA adducts were observed in either control or carrier control fish. Fish sampled after 3 days reported 5-fold higher (P < 0.05) levels of EROD activity, a shift in the bile metabolite profile towards BaP phenol formation (1OH and 30H BaP comprising up to 60% of total metabolites detected) and the formation of two adduct spots (0.86 and 0.71 adducts/10(8) nucleotides). These results show that BaP can be metabolised and form hydrophobic DNA adducts in turbot without EROD elevation. Following EROD elevation, a shift in the profile of both BaP metabolites and BaP metabolite-DNA interactions occurs indicative of other oxidative processes.     

An Experi mental Study on Wave-Induced Dynamic Stresses in Seabed

1 .IntroductionEvery year ,Taiwanis subjectedtotwo or three typhoonintrusions in average which always causedisasters . Most of the disasters which occur around the coastal zone are due to seabed instability andcoastal structure destruction caused bytyphoo…     

Oxidative stress responses in two populations of Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta, Nereididae) after acute and chronic exposure to copper

Acute (4 days) and chronic (14 days) effects of copper were evaluated on the antioxidant defenses of Laeonereis acuta (Polychaeta) collected in unpolluted (UP) and polluted (P) sites. In the acute assay (125 and 250 micro g Cu/l) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities did not change, whereas catalase (CAT) increased in worms from both the sites. Lipid peroxidation was higher in copper exposed worms from the P site. In the chronic assay (62.5 micro g Cu/l) polychaetes from the P site showed enhanced activities of SOD, GST and CAT and higher contents of metallothionein-like proteins and sulfhydrils compared to worms from UP. Differences in responses between polychaetes from UP and P sites suggest that organisms from the polluted site, P, are more susceptible to oxidative stress conditions.     

The concentration and distribution of dimethyl sulfide in the marine atmospheric boundary layer near the equator

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底部边界层颗粒态物质迁移特征的放射性核素分析方法

利用颗粒态放射性核素携带的颗粒物历经过程信息,我们提出用泥沙扩散方程和颗粒态放射性核素扩散方程联解底部边界层颗粒态物质迁移参数的方法。分析实例的样品取自荷兰Waden Sea南部Balgzand潮滩(砂坪)和Mok湾潮滩(泥坪)的两个站位(BG1和Mok2)。示踪核素为~(234)Th,~(210)Pb和~(137)Cs,其放射性比度由r能谱测出。     

太平洋-南极海岭的新鲜玄武岩延伸到太平洋地球化学区域

太平洋—南极海岭的新鲜玄武岩延伸到太平洋地球化学区域ＥｌｌｓａＭ．Ｆｅｒｇｕｓｏｎ等在最近对一部分太平洋—南极海岭（ＰＡＲ）的地球物理调查期间，Ｓ．Ｃａｎｄｅ、Ｗ．Ｈａｘｂｙ、Ｃ．Ｒａｙｍｏｎｄ和合作人员在大约６４°Ｓ、１７１°Ｗ的破碎带Ⅶ两边海岭区...     

Evaluating the effects of protection on fish predators and sea urchins in shallow artificial rocky habitats: a case study in the northern Adriatic Sea

Man-made defence structures (e.g., breakwaters, jetties) are becoming common features of marine coastal landscapes all around the world. The ecology of assemblages of species associated with such artificial structures is, however, poorly known. In this study, we evaluated the density and size of fish predators of echinoids (i.e., Diplodus sargus, Diplodus vulgaris, Sparus aurata), and the density of sea urchins (i.e., Paracentrotus lividus) at defence structures (i.e., breakwaters) inside and outside the marine protected area of Miramare (northern Adriatic Sea) in order to: (1) assess possible differences in fish predator density and size between protected and fished breakwaters; (2) assess whether fish predation may have the potential to affect sea urchin density in artificial rocky habitats. Surveys were carried out at four random times over a period of two years. Total density, and density of medium- and large-sized individuals of the three predatory fishes were generally greater at the protected than at the fished breakwaters, whereas no differences were detected in the density of small-sized individuals. Density of the sea urchin P. lividus did not show any difference between protected and fished breakwaters. The results of this study suggest that: (1) protection may significantly affect predatory fishes in artificial rocky habitats; (2) differences in predatory fish density, and size may be unrelated with the density of the sea urchin P. lividus; (3) protected artificial structures such as breakwaters, originally planned for other purposes, could represent a potential tool for fish population recovery and enhancement of local fisheries.     

杭州湾南岸潮滩的~(210)Pb分布及其沉积学意义

杭州湾南岸潮滩的~(210)Pb垂向分布具有随深度波动的特征。湖滩颗粒物在吸附模拟系统中的~(210)Pb分配系数,主要受颗粒物含量的影响。本文从潮滩沉积~(210)Pb初始比度在低于平衡点一侧波动的机理,以及被沉积间断所分隔的有效封闭段的存在出发,提出选择常态沉积层的高~(210)Pb比度窗口,建立以CIC模式估计潮滩沉积速率的方法。     

伊利诺斯盆地宾夕法尼亚纪沉积物季节性降雨的证据

伊利诺斯盆地宾夕法尼亚纪沉积物季节性降雨的证据ＥｒｉｋＰ．Ｋｖａｌｅ等根据古纬度位置、动物群证据或气候敏感岩性的出现而恢复的古气候可表达一个地区相当长时期的气候格局，但气候的细节只有通过与目前条件相同地区的比较才能推断。由于时间的迁移、海洋和陆地的变...