The age of the Lower Carboniferous conglomerate at Lligwy Bay,Anglesey

The Lower Carboniferous conglomerate at Lligwy Bay, Anglesey, is shown to be underlain as well as overlain by limestones of D₁ age so that the conglomerate is of intra-D₁ age. It is considered to have been deposited very close to a coastline.     

昔日全球环境变化的自然磁记录

沉积物的岩石磁学参量反映了它在海洋及大陆范围内沉积时的古环境及古气候条件.尽管对这种现象的认识还不彻底,但人们对于那些导致磁性增强或减弱的作用已有了很好的了解.这些作用包括可变的陆源物质沉积通量,铁磁性矿物在原地的有机及无机形成,以及这些矿物成岩过程中的分解.至少在过去的700万年间,在大量的沉积记录中观察到了磁性矿物集合体的周期性出现,这些周期性出现涉及到了标准的米兰柯维奇理论的轨道频率,证实了岩石磁学同过去全球变化间的关系.但是,磁信号的定量解译仍然处在幼年期,并且受到了信号形成过程中复杂的相互作用的干扰.     

Early interglacial bottom-current sedimentation on the eastern Reykjanes Ridge

Unusual late deglacial/early interglacial sedimentation rates following the last two glaciations have been detected from three cores on the eastern Reykjanes Ridge. Morphologic, textural, and mineralogic evidence pinpoint bottom currents as the process responsible for these unusual depositional rates, which rise at first to 10–40 times the regional mean, and then subside slightly to values still 2–5 times the norm. A portion of the lutite excesses in the interglacial sediment of these cores is accounted for by input of fine detritus eroded from subaerially exposed and isostatically uplifted Icelandic basalts. For the most part, however, the extraordinary depositional rates late in the deglacial periods are caused by erosion and redistribution of previously deposited glacialage sediments. We infer that reinitiation of overflow of deep water into the Atlantic due to deglacial removal of the Norwegian Sea ice cover triggered a strong bottom-current flow that dislodged sediment from exposed sites. The deglacial intensification of the deep circulation thus left a major sedimentological imprint on the sediments of the eastern Reykjanes Ridge.     

Igneous dykes and associated scour hollows of the North Channel,Irish Sea

A side-scan sonar survey with complete ground coverage has revealed the presence of numerous, straight, narrow ridges of NNW and NE trends in the North Channel, Irish Sea. They are interpreted as igneous dykes, probably of Tertiary age. The topographic expression of the dykes and their appearance on the sonographs provide indications of considerable erosion by tidal-current scour.     

Dives into outer Coronado Canyon System

Dives in Lockheed's submarine “Deep Quest” followed the floor of the fan valley and outer gorge of Coronado Canyon, southwest of the California—Baja California border. Both the fan valley and outer gorge have meandering courses. Basin depressions and intermittent steep descents characterize the outer gorge. No indications were found of recent activity of turbidity currents at either location, but a sand layer 30 cm below the surface is interpreted as related to a lower stand of sea level at the close of the last ice age. Abundant organisms were seen on the valley floor and in the overlying water.     

Comparison of sedimentation-compression curves obtained by nuclear and gravimetric methods for Wilkinson Basin,Gulf of Maine,sediments

Accurate measurements of bulk density are important in the construction of sedimentation-compression curves of water-saturated, fine-grained cohesive sediments for consolidation studies. The bulk density of five cores was measured nondestructively on a laboratory nuclear transmission densitometer and the water content, expressed as void ratio, was derived from an empirical relationship between bulk density and water content. Bulk density and water content measured destructively was determined every 10 cm for a comparison with the nuclear data. Agreement between nuclear and gravimetric methods was within ± 0.02 g/cm³ for bulk density ranging from 1.2 to 1.4 g/cm³. Sedimentation-compression curves made using both methods were in generally good agreement.In the Wilkinson Basin, void ratio gradually decreases with increasing effective overburden pressure. This indicates that consolidation by dewatering the surficial sediments is normal and that the environmental conditions during deposition remained relatively constant.     

Structural and tectonothermal evolution of the ultrahigh-temperature Bakhuis Granulite Belt,Guiana Shield,Surinam:Palaeoproterozoic to recent

We constrain the multistage tectonic evolution of the Palaeoproterozoic UHT metamorphic(P=0.9–1.0 GPa,T>1000℃,t=2088–2031 Ma)Bakhuis Granulite Belt(BGB)in Surinam on the Guiana Shield,using large-to small-scale structures,Al-in-hornblende thermobarometry and published fluid inclusion and zircon geochronological data.The BGB forms a narrow,NE–SW striking belt between two formerly connected,~E–W oriented granite-greenstone belts,formed between converging Amazonian and West African continental masses prior to collision and Transamazonian orogeny.Inherited detrital zircon in BGB metasediments conforms agewise to Birimian zircon of West Africa and suggests derivation from the subsequently subducted African passive margin.Ultrahigh-temperature metamorphism may have followed slab break-off and asthenospheric heat advection.Peak metamorphic structures result from layer-parallel shearing and folding,reflecting initial transtensional exhumation of the subducted African margin after slab break-off.A second HT event involves intrusion,at ca.0.49 GPa,of charnockites and metagabbros at 1993–1984 Ma and a layered anorthosite at 1980 Ma,after the BGB had already cooled to<400℃.The event is related to northward subduction under the greenstone belts,along a new active margin to their south.A pronounced syntaxial bend in the new margin points northward towards the BGB and is likely the result of indentation by an anticlinorial flexural bulge of the subducting plate.Tearing of the subducting oceanic plate along this bulge explains why the charnockites are restricted to the BGB.The BGB subsequently experienced doming under an extensional detachment exposed in its southwestern border zone.Exhumation was focused in the BGB as a result of the flexural bulge in the subducting plate and localised heating of the overriding plate by charnockite magmatism.The present,straight NE–SW long-side boundaries of the BGB are superimposed mylonite zones,overprinted by pseudotachylites,previously dated at ca.1200 Ma and 950 Ma,respectively.The 1200 Ma mylonites reflect transpressional popping-up of the BGB,caused by EW-directed intraplate principal compressive stresses from Grenvillian collision preserved under the eastern Andes.Further exhumation of the BGB involved the 950 Ma pseudotachylite decorated faulting,and Phanerozoic faulting along reactivated Meso-and Neoproterozoic lineaments.     

Zur Dynamotheorie stellarer und planetarer Magnetfelder I. Berechnung sonnenähnlicher Wechselfeldgeneratoren

Non-reflectionsymmetric turbulent motions in an electrically conducting fluid provide for an average electromotoric force α parallel to the average magnetic field . This effect – furthermore called α-effect – can lead to a self-excited built-up of magnetic fields by dynamo action. Since by actions of Coriolis forces turbulent motions in rotating systems generally are non-reflectionsymmetric, the explanation of stellar and planetary magnetic fields becomes possible. – In this first part spherical alternating field dynamos are calculated on conditions similar to those at the sun; α-effect and differential rotation provide for dynamo action. – The basic equations, which form a system of partial differential equations, are treated by a separation method; in this way our problem is transformed into a two-parametric eigenvalue problem for an infinite system of ordinary differential equations. The two eigenvalues determine the frequency and the amount of the induction actions necessary for the field maintenance. The solution of this problem was made by an electronic computer. – The results give evidence for the possibility of magnetohydrodynamic alternating field dynamos. Furthermore the magnitude of the calculated eigenvalues and the similarities between the calculated field and the observed solar magnetic field are showing that the sun realizes a dynamo of this kind.     

Sedentary kaolinitic soil on the carboniferous limestone series in anglesey

A soil overlying Carboniferous calcarenites in Anglesey has a clay fraction dominantly of kaolinite in contrast to the illite-chlorite assemblages generally characteristic of North Wales soils. From the mineralogy and field evidence this soil is interpreted as resulting from Late Glacial in situ weathering of the underlying rocks.     

Observation of the solar eclipse 1966 May 20 in the region between 3.2 cm to 2.7 m wavelength

The solar eclipse 1966 May 20 was observed at 3.2, 10, 15, 20, 54, 59 cm, 1.05, 1.34 and 2.7 m wavelength by the observatories of the Heinrich-Hertz-Institut. The meter-wavelength observations were superposed by a noise storm. The result shows a region of enhanced radiation from the plages near the central meridian at the short wavelengths. Consulting additionally the observations made at Kiel, NERA, and Ondejov in the region of about 1.2 m wavelength it is possible to localize the source of the noise storm.