冀东三屯营地区片麻岩的早太古宙全岩年龄

冀东三屯营地区麻粒岩相片麻岩由三组中酸性岩石组成。三组片麻岩Pb-Pb全岩等时线年龄为。三组片麻岩也各给自出了早太古宙年龄。岩石的这一年龄,是麻粒岩相变质过程中U和Th亏损之后发生均匀化的结果,因而表明麻粒岩相的变质作用结束于3563Ma之前。岩石在3563～2500Ma期间处于角闪岩相的环境。文中还给出了全岩Rb-Sr同位素的年龄成果,为2500～2800Ma。     

大气运动非平衡强迫与“98·7”突发性特大暴雨诊断分析

应用常规气象和卫星资料,对1998年7月21日发生在武汉附近地区的突发性特大暴雨过程进行了分析,结果显示(1)引发本次突发性特大暴雨的系统是一个中-β尺度对流云团.(2)该中-β尺度暴雨系统在对流层高低层没有独立的负、正涡度大值中心区与之对应,辐合层并不十分深厚(低于500hPa),且气流散合强度(10-4s-1)较旋转强度(10-5s-1)大一个量级(D＞＞ζ).(3)在暴雨发生前10余小时,大气运动已处于较强的非平衡状态,且越临近暴雨发生,U＜0的非平衡性越强;而在暴雨达到强盛期后,大气运动即由U＜0的非平衡态转为U＞0的非平衡态.(4)对流层低层大气运动非平衡动力强迫与200hPa等压面上的中-β尺度强辐散是本例暴雨和中-β尺度暴雨系统发生发展的重要动力启动机制.     

"2001.9.18"华西突发性强暴雨的中尺度分析

利用地面、高空和卫星观测等资料,分析了2001年9月18～20日发生在青藏高原东侧的强暴雨天气过程,揭示了暴雨的激发机制和若于中尺度特征.主要结果是(1)导致本次突发性强暴雨天气的中尺度系统是在一天内,在同一区域重复新生的2个中-β尺度对流云团.(2)边界层东南低空急流的不断加强和非地转变化对强降水天气起积极作用.(3)在强降水天气发生的每一时段,散度变化均较涡度变化对强降水天气的指示性好,前者与暴雨的关系更为密切.(4)大气运动非平衡强迫激发气流辐合增长是强降水天气的主要激发机制,未来12 h强降水发生的区域、降水强度、中心变化与非平衡强负值区变化相一致.     

湿斜压大气中暴雨中尺度系统发展的一种可能机制

根据暴雨中尺度系统发生时的大气运动特征,在绝热、无摩擦条件下,从湿斜压原始方程出发,考虑大气运动的涡度及散度演化不仅受动力场的制约,而且还受到热力场的约束,采用不同于传统研究涡度及散度方程的分析方法,导出了新形式的涡度及散度方程。在此基础上,分析了湿斜压大气中对流层中低层气流旋转与辐合持续增长的动力特征,初步揭示了湿斜压大气中暴雨中尺度系统发展的动力机制。     

青藏高原北部异常SKS分裂成因的初步探讨--被熔体强化的岩石圈各向异性

当人们试图解释青藏高原异常的剪切波分裂成因时,以下的问题让人们感到困惑:(1)为什么异常大的SKS分裂延时(1.91-2.4s)出现在青藏高原北部Sn波缺失区;(2)为什么分裂延时突变(1.47s和1.09s)出现在Sn波缺失区的边缘;(3)为什么快波极化方向(FPD)与地表大规模的构造走向之间存在约20°-30°的偏差. 本文在综合分析流变学实验和岩石物理学实验研究成果、青藏高原地质和地球物理资料的基础上,提出青藏高原北部地震波各向异性受岩石圈地幔主要矿物的晶格优选方位(LPO)和熔体的定向分布(MPO)的双重控制,并模拟计算了MPO对青藏高原北部岩石圈地幔各向异性强度的贡献. 研究结果表明,由MPO强化的青藏高原北部岩石圈地幔各向异性强度可达10髎,相应的各向异性层厚度平均为94km. 该结果为研究区SKS分裂的成因解释以及造山带深部地质过程的研究提供了新的约束条件.     

生物标志化合物与相关的全球变化

在各种地质体中广泛分布的生物标志化合物在全球变化研究中有着广泛应用,特别是在海洋和湖泊沉积物中,研究工作已涉及到古植被、古温度、古降水量、古大气CO2浓度和古季风等的恢复.文章介绍利用气相色谱仪、气相色谱-质谱联用仪、气相色谱-热转换-同位素比质谱仪分析了一个长40cm泥炭岩芯(约222年)的生物标志化合物的分布及其单体氢同位素.结果显示,不管是生物标志化合物的分布,还是其单体稳定同位素特征都记载了气候(温度)的变化.正构脂肪酸的碳优势指数(CPI值)、正构烷烃C23/C31比值、正构烷烃C23的δD值与温度有很好的对应关系.     

General Aspects and Resource Potential of Uranium Deposits in China

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The Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic passive margin Lajeado Group and Apiaí Gabbro,Southeastern Brazil

The Lajeado Group in the Ribeira Belt,southeastern Brazil,corresponds to an open-sea carbonate platform,comprised of seven overlapping siliciclastic and carbonatic formations,intruded in its upper portion by the Apiai Gabbro.These rocks have a Neoproterozoic tectonometamorphic overprint related to arc magmatism and the Brasiliano collisional orogeny.Geochronological constraints are given by new UPb SHRIMP and LA-ICP-MS data for Lajeado Group detrital zircons and for magmatic zircons from the Apiai Gabbro.The youngest detrital zircons in the Lajeado Group are 1400-1200 Ma,and constrain its maximum age of deposition to be 1200 Ma,whereas the 877 ± 8 Ma age for magmatic zircons in the Apiai Gabbro give the minimum age.Detritus source areas are mainly Paleoproterozoic(2200-1800 Ma)with some Archean and Mesoproterozoic contribution(1500-1200 Ma),with distal or tectonic stable cratonic character.The Lajeado Group should be a Stenian-Tonian carbonate platform passive margin of a continent at this time,namely the Columbia/Nuna or the Rodinia.The Apiai Gabbro displays similar age to other intrusive basic rocks in the Lajeado and Itaiacoca groups and represents tholeiitic MORB-like magmatism that we relate to the initial break-up of a Mesoproterozoic continent and the formation of the Brasiliano oceans.     

Trace fossils of an amalgamated storm-bed succession from the Jurassic of the Kachchh Basin,India:The significance of time-averaging in ichnology

The uppermost part of the Upper Bathonian Sponge Limestone member, Patcham Formation, of the Jhura Dome of Kachchh Mainland is a thickening-and shallowing-upward succession topped by medium-to thick-bedded hummocky cross-stratified grainstones deposited by storm waves. Occasionally, thin, commonly lenticular, intraclastic-bioclastic silty marl intercalations between the grainstones are highly bioturbated, in contrast to the grainstones, in which, for the most part, trace fossils occur scattered. Large exposures of bedding planes of the grainstones allow the detailed investigation of ichnological features, whereas the high density of traces in the soft marls precludes the identification of any ichnotaxa. Eighteen ichnotaxa have been recorded including Ophiomorpha, Thalassinoides, Taenidium, Gyrophyllites, Chondrites, Dactyloidites, Teichichnus, Bolonia, and Ancorichnus. Except for Ophiomorpha nodosa and Thalassinoides, which generally indicate moderate to high energy conditions and are the dwelling burrows of suspension-feeding to omnivorous crustaceans, the ichnotaxa represent a deposit-feeding behaviour of their producers and thus are characteristic of low-energy environments. The trace fossils form three ichnoassemblages characterized by(1) Ophiomorpha nodosa and Thalassinoides suevicus,(2)?Thalassinoides isp. A, Taenidium, and Bolonia lata,and(3) Ancorichnus. The dominance of traces of deposit-feeders in rocks indicative of high-energy events is counterintuitive and points to their non-contemporaneity. The sediments were deposited during brief highenergy events, whereas the trace fossils were produced when, after waning of storms low-energy conditions prevailed. This time-averaging is particularly pronounced in trace fossils that extend vertically downwards and may reach strata deposited under distinctly different conditions. Thus, environmental interpretations based on trace fossils should refer to colonisation surfaces rather than to the sediment surrounding the trace fossils. In the latter case, interpretations may be erroneous, especially when erosion subsequently destroyed sedimentary evidence of their original environment.     

布莱克海岭区天然气水合物的评价

布莱克海岭位于美国东南加利福尼亚近海区,该区天然气水合物矿藏可用的开采方案有3种。这些方案为深水环境中天然气水合物矿藏的开采提供了可能的途径。1布莱克海岭区的天然气水合物过去20年中,在布莱克海岭区收集了大量的天然气水合物资料,包括地震勘探资料和11口井的钻井资料