Ultimate bearing capacity of strip footings lying on Hoek–Brown slopes subjected to eccentric load

Acta Geotechnica - A self-developed finite element limit analysis (FELA) code was employed in this study to investigate the stability of eccentrically loaded strip footings on rock slopes. The...     

Evaluating the effect of active ions on the early performance of soft clay solidified by modified biomass waste-rice husk ash

Acta Geotechnica - Soft clay generally cannot be directly used as subgrade material due to its poor engineering characteristics. The application of rice husk ash (RHA) for the solidification of...     

云微物理过程对台风数值模拟的影响

将中国气象科学研究院（CAMS）混合双参数云微物理方案用于中尺度天气模式WRF,开展了对2013年超强台风天兔（1319）的模拟,通过与台风最佳路径、强度及热带降雨测量卫星（TRMM）资料对比,分析CAMS云微物理方案在模拟台风中的适用性及云微物理过程对模拟台风天兔的影响机制。设计了3组敏感性试验:修改雪粒子质量和落速系数（EXP1）,采用海洋性云滴参数（EXP2）,同时修改雪粒子质量和落速系数并采用海洋性云滴参数（EXP3）。结果表明:EXP1和EXP3由于霰碰并雪速率的增加及减小的雪下落通量,导致雪含量显著降低,同时也减少了整体冰相物的含量;EXP2和EXP3模拟的台风眼区对流有效位能快速减小,再现了前期台风的快速增强过程,路径偏差也最小;各试验模拟的小时降水率总体偏强,EXP3的降水空间分布与实况更接近,明显降低雪粒子含量,并一定程度上改善模拟的台风路径、强度及降水分布等。该结果不但可为改进适用于台风的云微物理参数化方案提供思路,也可加深云微物理过程对台风影响的认识。     

基于最大熵模型的中国血吸虫病传播风险评估

气候生态因子是影响媒介传播性疾病流行风险的重要环境因素。本研究根据文献调研选取影响中国血吸虫病传播风险的潜在气候生态因子,基于各潜在因子的作用大小确定影响中国血吸虫病传播风险的主导因子,发展主导气候生态因子-血吸虫病关系的最大熵模型并评价其对中国区域血吸虫病传播风险的模拟效果。结果表明:影响中国血吸虫病传播风险的气候生态因子有年降水量、最暖月平均气温、稳定通过10℃持续日数和增强型植被指数(EVI),其累积贡献率为研究因子总贡献的98.6%;最大熵模型能较好地揭示中国血吸虫病传播风险与主导气候生态因子关系,其受试者特征曲线(ROC)评价结果为"非常好"(AUC为0.917);模型模拟的中国血吸虫病传播中高风险区位于江苏南部、浙江北部、广西中部、广东北部、云南北部、四川中部及湖北东部、湖南东北部、安徽中部、江西北部等地。研究结果对气候环境影响下中国血吸虫传播风险评估和疾病预防宏观对策制定具有工具价值和参考意义。     

影响云南地区适航条件的视程障碍天气气候特征

利用云南省1981—2013年125站逐日逐6h地面观测的天气现象、能见度和气象要素资料,结合考虑地形高度的高分辨率气象要素场插值技术和不适航雾(能见度≤800m的大雾天气)气象要素判识模型,开展了影响云南适航条件视程障碍天气的气候特征分析。结果表明:云南最主要的视程障碍天气是雾与轻雾,影响适航条件的视程障碍天气仅为雾。不适航雾生成与相对湿度、风速以及地气温差关系密切,"高湿—弱风—稳定"的气象条件是其形成维持的关键,其量化判识特征为:相对湿度98%、风速3m/s、地气温差3℃。滇西南、滇南、滇东是云南不适航雾的多发区,尤其景东—思茅—版纳、西盟—澜沧、保山—腾冲和罗平等地区。滇中、滇西和滇东北是少发区。云南不适航雾日变化呈现早晨和深夜多,午间和傍晚少的特征;季节变化具有夏秋季多于冬春季的特点。与台站观测相比,高分辨率资料客观判识的不适航雾空间分布与地形有合理的对应关系,能够合理地反映地形复杂地区的空间分布特征。未来技术发展可利用卫星反演资料与台站资料同化订正获取高分辨率气象要素资料,利用深度学习等建立不适航雾的判识模型。     

湖南宝山西部铅锌银矿床地质特征及找矿方向

宝山铅锌银矿是南岭成矿带中段黄沙坪—宝山矿田中的一个大型中低温热液裂隙充填交代型矿床。本文通过对宝山矿区的区域地质特征、区域地球物理、地球化学特征以及矿床地质特征的总结,剖析该矿床的控矿因素、矿体定位特征,认为该区的梓门桥组白云岩节理裂隙处、F5断裂中及F21断层破碎带往深部具有较好的找矿前景。     

CO2 flux and seasonal variability in the turbidity maximum zone and surrounding area in the Changjiang River estuary

The turbidity maximum zone(TMZ) is one of the most important regions in an estuary.However,the high concentration of suspended material makes it difficult to measure the partial pressure of CO_2(pCO_2) in these regions.Therefore,very little data is available on the pCO_2 levels in TMZs.To relatively accurately evaluate the CO_2 flux in an example estuary,we studied the TMZ and surrounding area in the Changjiang(Yangtze) River estuary.From seasonal cruises during February,August,November 2010,and May 2012,the pCO_2 in the TMZ and surrounding area was calculated from pH and total alkalinity(TA)measured in situ,from which the CO_2 flux was calculated.Overall,the TMZ and surrounding area acted as a source of atmosphere CO_2 in February and November,and as a sink in May and August.The average FCO_2was-9,-16,5,and 5 mmol/(m~2·d) in May,August,November,and February,respectively.The TMZ's role as a source or sink of atmosphere CO_2 was quite different to the outer estuary.In the TMZ and surrounding area,suspended matter,phytoplankton,and pH were the main factors controlling the FCO_2,but here the influence of temperature,salinity,and total alkalinity on the FCO_2 was weak.Organic carbon decomposition in suspended matter was the main reason for the region acting as a CO_2 source in winter,and phytoplankton production was the main reason the region was a CO_2 sink in summer.     

Automated spectral classification using template matching

An automated spectral classification technique for large sky surveys is pro-posed. We firstly perform spectral line matching to determine redshift candidates for an observed spectrum, and then estimate the spectral class by measuring the similarity be-tween the observed spectrum and the shifted templates for each redshift candidate. As a byproduct of this approach, the spectral redshift can also be obtained with high accuracy. Compared with some approaches based on computerized learning methods in the liter-ature, the proposed approach needs no training, which is time-consuming and sensitive to selection of the training set. Both simulated data and observed spectra are used to test the approach; the results show that the proposed method is efficient, and it can achieve a correct classification rate as high as 92.9%, 97.9% and 98.8% for stars, galaxies and quasars, respectively.     

地形对超强台风罗莎降水影响的初步分析

为了进一步加深地形对台风降水影响的细节了解,用变分法合成的高分辨率降水资料和地形资料,结合日本再分析资料,对0716号台风罗莎登陆期间地形对降水的影响作了初步分析.过程降水量与地形相关分析表明,沿海地形对降水的影响较大.强降水区主要分布在沿海山体的迎风坡上.分析1小时降水量在不同强度区间的频次分布,发现在山体地形的影响下,山脉区域降水加强.浙江东南沿岸的山体引起的降水增益相对东北沿岸区域的山体偏大.利用日本再分析资料和地形资料计算了气流过沿海山体时的无量纲数Fr值.由于气流Fr较小,气流过浙江沿海地形时更容易翻越山体.抬升位置发生在迎风坡上,因而强降水区也落在迎风坡上.东南沿岸区域的地形对迎风气流的强迫垂直运动在垂直方向上的渗透比东北沿岸区域更深厚,这是导致东南沿岸区域地形对降水增益比东北沿岸区域偏大的原因.