云南强对流暴雨的闪电和雷达回波特征及相关性

利用闪电监测资料和多普勒天气雷达探测资料,对2007年汛期强对流暴雨的闪电和雷达回波特征及相关性进行分析,结果表明:云南大多数暴雨属于强对流性暴雨,而且以负闪电为主,负闪电占总闪电的90 %以上;暴雨日降水量与日闪电数相关小,强的降水不一定有强的闪电活动,但大的日闪频数一般对应的暴雨日降水量大;伴随有闪电活动的强对流暴...     

CHARACTERISTICS OF ATMOSPHERIC HEATING AND ATMOSPHERIC CIRCULATION DURING ACTIVE PERIOD OF 500 hPa HIGH OVER THE TIBETAN PLATEAU IN SUMMER*

In correspondence with the establishment of the "upper high and lower high" pressure pattern due to the activities of 500 hPa high over the Tibetan Plateau in summer,a series of changes of the East Asia atmospheric circulation will take place.In this paper,the distributions of divergence and vertical velocity of 500 hPa high,the evolutions of atmospheric heat source,the variations of vorticity and zonal wind at 100 hPa level and vertical meridional cell over the Tibetan Plateau etc.are statistically analyzed.Thus,we can see that the ascending motion and the convective heating over the Tibetan Plateau,the South Asia high and the westerly jet on the north of the Plateau at 100 hPa level are weakned.The northern branch and the southern branch of the easterly jet on the south of the Plateau merge into a single whole and situate on the south of the former northern branch.In the meantime,thermodynamic land-sea discrepancy in South Asia and the convective heating over the Bay of Bengal is enhanced.It will play an important role in the maintenance of the easterly jet and the South Asia monsoon.     

气象卫星资料在飞机人工增雨效果评估中的应用

在2000年3月14日飞机人工影响天气作业过程中，极轨气象卫星实时遥感探测提供了人工增雨情况的一些证据。分析了作业后催化剂扩散情况，并且就风对催化剂的输送，地面增雨效果进行了探讨。初步结果：（1）本次过程在作业1小时23分钟后，最大自由运动扩散宽度11km，催化剂自由运动扩散区约为2508km^2，在云顶形成约1505km^3的塌陷区。（2）卫星资料分析，风的输送作用区约为7500km^2，为自由运动扩散区的3倍，是催化剂扩散的主要因素。     

登陆孟加拉湾风暴结构个例分析与数值模拟

采用NCEP-NCAR再分析资料,分析了2006年4月29日登陆缅甸并造成云南省强降水过程的孟加拉湾风暴结构。并且利用美周新一代中尺度WRF（weather Researchand Forecast）模式对2006年4月28～30日云南强降水过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果表明：孟加拉湾风暴登陆前后结构具有明显变化,从基本对称结构演变为非对称结构,WRF模式较好地模拟出盂加拉湾风暴登陆前后环流场特征和风暴移动路径以及造成云南强降水雨带的分布特征。     

青藏高原近地层通量特征的合成分析

利用中日亚洲季风机制合作研究计划 ,设置在青藏高原东部地区的拉萨、日喀则、那曲和林芝 4地 1993年 7月～ 1999年 3月近 7a的自动气象站 (AWS)近地层梯度观测资料 ,确定出分季节的高原地表粗糙度和逐日的地面总体输送系数 ,以此为基础用总体输送公式对地面动量、感热和潜热通量进行了计算 ,并用合成方法分析了 1993～1999年高原近地层通量夏季、冬季的日变化和月变化特征     

利用地基遥感方法监测大气中汽态、液态水含量分布特征的分析

文章根据1992～1994年4～6月间利用北京大学研制的新一代双通道共天线地基微波辐射计在河北省石家庄等地的监测资料,分析了晴空、有云无雨两种天气条件下,大气中积分汽态水、液态水含量的分布特征,两种相态大气含水量的相对分布特点。结果表明,在有云无雨的天气条件下,云中液态水积分含量仅占大气中总水量的1%,说明作为人工增雨资源条件的云中液态水含量仅占大气总水量的一小部分。因此,分析认为,以往通常采用大气中水汽含量评估人工增雨资源条件的方法,存在着不确切性。     

全球热带SSTA与中国7月降水和气温的伴随相关型分析

用伴随相关型（ＡＣＰ）分析了中国７月降水和气温与全球热带ＳＳＴＡ的ＰＯＰ（主振荡型）间的关系,得到当两个典型的传播ＰＯＰ处在Ｅ１Ｎｉｎｏ事件发展相位时中国夏季总体呈南北旱,中间涝的形势,其中江淮流域,华中,东北东部和西北大部为降水正距平,华北,华南为负距平,降水偏多（少）时相应的气温偏低（高）,当两个传播型的典型模态处于ＬａＮｉｎａ事件发展相位时情况则相反。     

Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation: Applications to stability,sensitivity, and predictability

Conditional nonlinear optimal perturbation (CNOP) is a nonlinear generalization of linear singular vector (LSV) and features the largest nonlinear evolution at prediction time for the initial perturbations in a given constraint. It was proposed initially for predicting the limitation of predictability of weather or climate. Then CNOP has been applied to the studies of the problems related to predictability for weather and climate. In this paper, we focus on reviewing the recent advances of CNOP’s applications, which involves the ones of CNOP in problems of ENSO amplitude asymmetry, block onset, and the sensitivity analysis of ecosystem and ocean’s circulations, etc. Especially, CNOP has been primarily used to construct the initial perturbation fields of ensemble forecasting, and to determine the sensitive area of target observation for precipitations. These works extend CNOP’s applications to investigating the nonlinear dynamical behaviors of atmospheric or oceanic systems, even a coupled system, and studying the problem of the transition between the equilibrium states. These contributions not only attack the particular physical problems, but also show the superiority of CNOP to LSV in revealing the effect of nonlinear physical processes. Consequently, CNOP represents the optimal precursors for a weather or climate event; in predictability studies, CNOP stands for the initial error that has the largest negative effect on prediction; and in sensitivity analysis, CNOP is the most unstable (sensitive) mode. In multi-equilibrium state regime, CNOP is the initial perturbation that induces the transition between equilibriums most probably. Furthermore, CNOP has been used to construct ensemble perturbation fields in ensemble forecast studies and to identify sensitive area of target observation. CNOP theory has become more and more substantial. It is expected that CNOP also serves to improve the predictability of the realistic predictions for weather and climate events plays an increasingly important role in exploring the nonlinear dynamics of atmospheric, oceanic and coupled atmosphere-ocean system. Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006CB403606, 2007CB411800), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 40830955, 40675030, 40505013), Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. IAP07202), and LASG State Key Laboratory Special Fund     

环渤海地区1961—2007年极端强降水时空变化特征

20世纪90年代以来,环渤海地区降水总量持续偏少,极端强降水和干旱缺水问题十分突出。利用环渤海地区60个台站1961—2007年逐日降水资料,应用百分位方法确定极端强降水阈值,分析了极端强降水量、降水强度和频率的空间分布及时间变化趋势。结果表明:环渤海地区极端降水强度大、频率高的地区与年降水量高值区相一致,说明极端降水量的多少影响年降水量;极端降水日数呈减少趋势,特别是京津冀中部地区减少显著;极端降水多发生在7月中旬到8月中旬,最高频次在7月下旬,近10年极端降水季节分配比较分散,很少出现每候25站次以上的极端强降水;间隔30d以上的极端强降水近年来增加明显。     

倾斜涡度的发展与云南冬季强降水

应用倾斜涡度发展理论,对云南的一次冬季强降水天气进行诊断分析。结果表明：强降水发生在θｅ 陡立密集区内;倾斜涡度发展和条件性对称不稳定是形成强降水的重要因子;大气的弱位势稳定和强斜压性有利于云南冬季强降水的发生。