青藏高原气温的年际变率与大气环状波动模

基于1961年3月至2002年2月间青藏高原地区64个台站的地面气温观测资料和ERA40再分析数据集,研究了青藏高原上空气温的年际变率及其与大尺度环流的关系。结果表明除夏季外,高原地面气温与整个北半球副热带、极地对流层的温度和位势高度有显著的同位相变化关系,而与中高纬度对流层有显著的反位相变化关系。其中北半球副热带还有5个分别位于青藏高原、西太平洋、北美西部、大西洋中部、北非到阿拉伯半岛的活动中心。这3条环状活动带和5个副热带活动中心共同组成了一种北半球大气环状波动模,其纬向特征为异常偏强的中纬度西风气流以及热带和高纬度东风气流,并伴有中纬度大气长波槽脊的减弱;经向基本特征为异常偏强的Hadley和Ferrel环流以及副热带下沉气流和中纬度上升气流,垂直方向呈相当正压结构。当这种环状波动模处于正位相时,异常增强的绝热下沉增温效应和减弱的冷空气活动共同使得高原上空对流层中、低层气温异常偏暖。     

基于特征结构配置的结构鲁棒控制算法及仿真

本文提出了结构系统的鲁棒主动控制算法，其目的是求取状态反馈控制律，在闭环系统具有希望特征值前提下，使得闭环系统特征值关于参数摄动具有最小的灵敏度。基于状态反馈特征结构配置参数化方法和矩阵特征值灵敏度分析理论，该问题转化为含有约束条件的优化问题，并给出了求解该鲁棒控制问题的算法。该方法给出了特征值灵敏度函数的参数化表示，且直接基于结构系统矩阵，故便于工程应用。三自由度层间剪切型结构地震作用下的仿真分析，表明所提方法的有效性。     

几种视程障碍现象的区别

视程障碍现象规定了能见度，光色，天气条件和成因几个标准。能见度主要是由空气中所含质粒的浓度所决定，用以判断天气现象的有无、强度。光色特征是由空气中所含质粒的性态决定的，是指天空背景和太阳的颜色，各种粒子对光波的散射和漫射不同，就呈现出不同的光色。光色和能见度标准之结合，决定了不同时刻可以出现1种或2种相似、相近的天气现象。对于某些特殊的天气现象观测员有时很难判定，是地面观测目测项目中的一个难点。     

成都平原稻田甲烷排放的实验研究

根据1996～1999年四个稻季的观测资料,分析了成都平原单季稻甲烷排放的季节变化和年际变化特征.结果表明:在水稻生长季节甲烷排放通量变化很大,在分蘖期和成熟期一般会出现峰值.年际间的通量变化也很大,其年均排放通量的变化范围在2.35～33.95mg m-2 h-1之间.4年的平均排放通量为12 mg m-2 h-1,与四川乐山的7年平均值30mg m-2 h-1相比,存在着明显的地区差异.同时分析讨论了温度、施肥、水稻品种、土壤氧化还原电位(Eh)以及稻田水位等诸多因素对稻田甲烷排放的影响.结果表明:在成都平原水稻生长季节的平均气温对CH4的平均排放通量影响不大;而气温对CH4排放的日变化有相对重要的影响,但气温对甲烷排放日变化的影响与水稻植物体的生长阶段有关;发现了水稻植物体(根、茎、叶)重量对CH4排放的重要作用.讨论了合理使用肥料和施肥量,控制水位和Eh值对稻田CH4的减排作用,提出优化组合诸影响因子,以充分发挥其减排潜力.     

无明显滑面岩质边坡危险滑移路径搜索

对无明显滑面岩质边坡危险滑移路径的搜索算法进行了改进研究,提出以总抗滑储备密度最小为判据的动态规划方法来确定边坡的危险滑移路径及其安全系数大小的方法,并通过算例得到了验证。     

山西省阳泉矿区五矿岩溶陷落柱发育特征及分布规律探讨

通过对山西省阳泉矿区五矿的地质背景分析,结合已完钻孔成果及野外踏勘资料,对五矿区内地层特征进行了阐述,着重对奥陶系中统分组情况及岩性进行总结,并概述了该区构造特征及地下水补、径、排条件,对该区陷落柱在平面、剖面及陷落深度、物质组成等方面发育特征进行初步阐述和总结,概括分布规律,分析岩溶陷落柱形成机理,建议阳煤五矿加强陷落柱的调查研究和探测预报工作.     

Evolutive characteristics of aromatics under high pressure and temperature of deep lithosphere

Pyrolysis of lignite in closed systems was conducted at temperatures from 400 to 700℃ and pressure from 1 to 3 GPa in order to investigate the evolutive characteristics of aromatics and the effects of pressure and temperature on the maturation of organic matter under the extreme conditions. The total yield of liquid hydrocarbons decreased with increasing pressure and the aromatics shows more mature with increasing temperature at a given pressure. The data indicate that high pressure significantly suppresses the thermal evolution of geological organic matter especially at lower temperature, but favors the cyclization, polymerization and aromatization of pyrolysate. The pressure effect on maturation of organic matter is nonlinear. Therefore, it can be inferred that sediment organic-matters in the subducted slab could be retained in the deep lithosphere, and the results are also significant for understanding the accumulation and preservation of petroleum in deep reservoirs.     

Analyses and numerical modeling of a polar low over the Japan Sea on 19 December 2003

A meso-α-scale polar low was observed over the Japan Sea on 19 December 2003. It initialed around 11 UTC over the northwestern part of the Japan Sea within a synoptic-scale parent low under the influence of baroclinic environment and disappeared over the eastern edge of Japan Islands with a lifetime of about 20 h. It is of interest that this polar low had “concentric eye-walls” and “warm core” structure at its mature stage. The evolutionary process and spatial structure of this polar low were investigated by using almost all available observational data, including the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-9, the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite imagery, the Final Analyses (FNL) data issued by National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), the surface observational data and the 9-station sounding data of Japan Islands. In order to study its development mechanism, a 24-h numerical simulation using the version 4.4 of the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) starting from 12 UTC 19 December 2003 with an 8 km × 8 km resolution was performed. It is shown that the RAMS model reproduced the main features of the polar low reasonably well. The vorticity budget analyses indicate that the stretching term is the major contributor for the vorticity increase of the polar low. The baroclinic background seems to play significant role for the initial development of this polar low. However, the effect of the diabatic heating for its later development is also significant.     

Effects of blue light on gametophyte development of Laminaria japonica (Laminariales, Phaeophyta)

Laminaria gametophyte was greatly influenced by light in its growth and development. Using light-emitting diodes (LED) as blue and red light sources, we analyzed the light effect on gametophytes development ofLaminaria japonica Aresch. The gametophytes were obtained from zoospores collected in April, May, July, 2003 and September, 2004. We found that the growth of gametophytes was stimulated by increasing intensity of blue light (BL) and red light (RL) illumination, of which BL was obviously stronger than that of RL. The fertilization of gametophytes depended largely on BL, and only sufficient BL illumination could take the reproductive effect. In addition, we noticed that there was a significant difference in light responses for gametophytes developed from zoospore collected in different times. For zoospores released in April, under BL₁ (73.90 μmol photons/m·s), the unicellular female gametophytes and multi-cellular male gametophytes produced eggs and sperms respectively, and further developed towards sporophytes. However, for gametophytes developed in May, July or September, they became multi-cellular and never formed oogonia or antheridia. It is believed that theLaminaria sporangium maturation stage could affect the gametophytes reaction to BL under laboratory culture conditions. Therefore, cryptochrome- or phototropin-like BL photoreceptors is probably involved in BL-induced development ofLaminaria gametophytes. This research was supported by the NSFC (No.40376049) and Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (The Invitation Fellowship for Research in Japan 2002).