矿井断层构造复杂程度的GIS与熵值耦合评价研究

基于GIS与熵值耦合理论的矿井断层构造复杂程度的综合评价方法,建立了断层构造的非线性特征值、断层规模指数、煤层底板倾角指数、断层断距指数等与矿井构造复杂程度相关的评价指标体系。并以河南某矿为例,对矿井断层构造复杂程度进行多因素评价综合分区。结果显示:该矿井构造以中等和简单为主;在构造简单-中等区,构造对煤层开采基本无影响,而在构造复杂区,断层可导致水文地质条件变得较为复杂,影响煤层安全开采。     

东营市东营区努力开创土地开发整理工作新局面

东营区是黄河三角洲中心城市一东营市的中心区,我国第二大油田一胜利油田所在地.近年来,东营区随着城市化进程的加快,建设用地不断增多,保持耕地总量动态平衡压力很大.为确保全区耕地总量动态平衡,东营区创新机制,规范管理,积极探索增加耕地的有效途径,取得了显著成效.1999年以来,全区非农业建设占用耕地551.6 hm2,而同期增加有效耕地3 660.22 hm2,实现了耕地总量的动态平衡.     

Effect of chemical fertilizers on the fractionation of Cu,Cr and Ni in contaminated soil

Effect of chemical fertilizers (urea, NH₄Cl, Ca(NO₃)₂, KCl and KH₂PO₄) on the fractionation of Cu, Cr and Ni was studied by a 4-month incubation experiment. Using sequential extraction procedure, it was found that the application of fertilizers could change the distribution of Cu, Cr and Ni in the fractions of soil. Applying urea (CO(NH₂)₂) significantly decreased the concentrations of Cu, Cr and Ni in water soluble plus exchangeable (WE) fraction, but increased those in Fe–Mn oxides bound (FM) fraction (p < 0.01). However, application of NH₄Cl caused an increase in the WE fraction by 27.7% for Cu, 111.5% for Cr and 20.4% for Ni. The CO(NH₂)₂ raised the soil pH from 4.51 to 4.96, whereas NH₄Cl lowered the pH of soil by 0.44 units. The WE fraction of the three heavy metals was significantly increased, while the FM fraction was significantly decreased by adding KCl (p < 0.01). Moreover, the supply of KH₂PO₄ reduced the WE and carbonate bound (CB) fractions of Cu, Cr and Ni in the soil, however, it raised Cu and Ni in the residual (RS) fraction and Cr in the FM fraction. In addition, the mobility index indicated that KCl and NH₄Cl increased the mobility of Cu, Cr and Ni in the soil, whereas urea and KH₂PO₄ decreased the mobility of the three metals in the soil. These results suggest that applying chemical fertilizers does not only provide plant nutrients, but may also change the speciation and mobility of heavy metals in the soil.     

GIS技术在决策气象服务系统建设中的应用

该文介绍了基于组件式GIS技术的决策气象服务系统建设的总体框架, 并阐述了系统的建设内容, 主要包括电子地图建设、气象制图输出、实时与历史资料检索、灾情分析、台风预警与损失评估以及参数化制图等功能; 同时对GIS应用于决策气象服务系统的若干关键技术问题进行了深入讨论与分析, 如数据共享与转换、气象要素插值算法、空间信息检索方法、基于插件技术的模型评估方法、三维可视化技术; 最后给出了相关结论, 并指出该系统将为全国综合性决策服务系统提供一个良好的建设思路。     

脉冲电镀金刚石钻头试验研究

介绍脉冲电镀在人造金刚石孕镶钻头上的应用研究，探讨脉冲电镀机理，采用正交试验法优化脉冲电镀工艺参数；研制了脉冲电镀钻头，生产钻头周期缩短了３０％。在室内和野外生产试验中，发现脉冲电镀钻头较直流电镀钻头有如下优点：钻进地层适用范围广、钻进时效高。     

Geological, geochemical characteristics and isotope systematics of the Longqiao iron deposit in the Lu-Zong volcano-sedimentary basin, Middle-Lower Yangtze (Changjiang) River Valley, Eastern China

The Middle-Lower Yangtze (Changjiang) River Valley metallogenic belt is located on the northern margin of the Yangtze Craton of eastern China. Most polymetallic deposits in the Changjiang metallogenic belt are clustered in seven districts where magmatism of Mesozoic age (Yanshanian tectono-thermal event) is particularly extensive. From west to east these districts are: E-dong, Jiu-Rui, Anqing-Guichi, Lu-Zong, Tong-Ling, Ning-Wu and Ning-Zhen. World-class iron ore deposits occur in the Lu-Zong and Ning-Wu ore clusters, which are mainly located in continental fault-bound volcanic-sedimentary basins. One of these deposits is the Longqiao iron deposit, discovered in the northern part of the Lu-Zong Basin in 1985. This deposit consists of a single stratabound and stratiform orebody, hosted in sedimentary carbonate rocks of the Triassic Dongma'anshan Formation. A syenite pluton (Longqiao intrusion) is situated below the deposit. The iron ore is massive and disseminated and the ore minerals are mainly magnetite and minor pyrite. Wall rock alteration mostly consists of skarn minerals, such as diopside, garnet, potassic feldspar, quartz, chlorite, phlogopite and anhydrite. Thin sedimentary siderite beds of Triassic age occur as relict laminated ore at the top and the margin of the magnetite orebody. These sideritic laminae are part of Triassic evaporite-bearing carbonate deposits (Dongma'anshan Formation).Sulfur isotopic compositions show that the sulfur in the deposit was derived from a mixture of magmatic hydrothermal fluids and carbonate–evaporite host rocks. Similarly, the C and O isotopic compositions of limestones from the Dongma'anshan Formation indicate that these rocks interacted with magmatic hydrothermal fluids. The O isotopic compositions of the syenitic rocks and minerals from the deposit show that the hydrothermal magnetite and skarn minerals were formed from magmatic fluids. The Pb isotopic compositions of sulfides are similar to those of the Longqiao syenite. Phlogopite coexisting with magnetite in the magnetite ores yielded a plateau age of 130.5 ± 1.1 Ma (2σ), whereas the LA-ICP MS age of the syenite intrusion is 131.1 ± 1.5 Ma, which is slightly older than the age of phlogopite.The Longqiao syenite intrusion may have crystallized from a parental alkaline magma, generated by partial melting of lithospheric mantle, during extensional tectonics. The ore fluids were probably first derived from magma at depth, later emplaced in the sedimentary rocks of the Dongma'anshan Formation, where it interacted with siderite and evaporite-bearing carbonate strata, resulting in the formation of magnetite and skarn minerals. The Longqiao iron deposit is a skarn-type stratabound and stratiform mineral system, genetically and temporally related to the Longqiao syenite intrusion. The Longqiao syenite is part of the widespread Mesozoic intracontinental magmatism (Yanshanian event) in eastern China, which has been linked to lithospheric delamination and asthenospheric upwelling.     

对Nakai拟合法的改进及实际应用

本文对Nakai拟合法作了改进并应用于计算井水固体潮和气压系数。利用该方法还可以计算井水位对固体潮和气压响应的滞后时间。以鲁06井为例,用本文的方法计算出其井水位的固体潮和气压系数分别为16.9mm/10~(-3)和5.58mm/hPa,滞后时间分别为18.8和22.4分钟。校正后的中误差由8.5mm下降到6.1mm。     

海盐气溶胶和硫酸盐气溶胶在云微物理过程中的作用

利用大气气溶胶和云分档模式研究海盐气溶胶和硫酸盐气溶胶在云微物理过程中的作用, 计算结果表明:云中液态水含量随高度的分布并不随海盐、硫酸盐的数目以及云团上升速度的变化而变化; 随着云滴数目的增加, 云滴的有效半径会减小; 硫酸盐对云滴数目影响起主导作用, 海盐在水汽相对充足情况下增加了云滴数目, 在水汽相对不足的情况下减少了云滴数目; 硫酸盐粒子浓度特别强的情况下 (人类活动污染比较严重时), 如果水汽相对不足, 云滴数目会明显小于硫酸盐粒子浓度; 而海盐粒子的存在, 加剧了水汽的供应不足, 从而可以在很大程度上进一步降低云滴数目。也就是说, 在有些情况下, 如果不考虑海盐气溶胶的作用, 硫酸盐气溶胶对云特性的影响会被过高估计。