"一带一路"沿线国家或地区人才流动网络结构演化

基于高等学校留学生流动数据,构建加权有向网络模型,对2000~2015年“一带一路”沿线国家或地区人才流动网络结构演化进行研究。主要结论如下：① 沿线人才流动网络规模迅速扩大,人才流动的数量和路径在迅速增加。② 沿线人才流动网络呈“由中向西,自南到北”的空间格局特征,中亚地区的留学生主要向西流向俄罗斯、乌克兰等国,东南亚和南亚地区的留学生主要向北流向中国内地。③ 沿线人才流动网络分化为独联体社团、中国东盟社团、西亚北非社团、中东欧社团、南亚社团等5个社团。④ 中国内地和俄罗斯处于沿线人才流动网络的核心位置,东南亚、西亚和东欧部分国家处于边缘地带。     

发达地区城市空间水环境效应与影响机理研究——以浙江省宁波市区为例

以经济发达的宁波市区为例,通过水环境敏感性与水质现状两方面综合评价城市内部空间水环境效应,从中心城区至外围地区,因人口集聚水平、产业发展类型和水污染处理能力的差异,水环境效应指数不断降低;探究其空间异质性,各乡镇评价单元水环境效应指数存在正向相关;运用地理加权回归（GWR）模型,定量分析水环境效应影响机理,其中经济发展水平是水环境演变的基础,产业发展与人口集聚则是造成水环境压力的直接原因。人口空间集聚带来的水污染排放,产生的水环境效应远高于其它因素,是城市内部水环境下一步治理的重点。     

Glacier changes in the Qaidam Basin from 1977 to 2018

Based on Landsat MSS/TM/OLI remote sensing images, glaciers vector data in the Qaidam Basin were extracted for 1977, 2002, and 2018, and their spatial-temporal variations were analyzed. Results show that there were 2,050 glaciers covering an area of 1,693.54±40.96 km² and having an ice volume of 108.65±2.43 km³ in the Qaidam Basin in 2018. Glaciers with areas <1.0 km² accounted for the largest number, while glaciers with areas of 1.0-5.0 km² accounted for the most glacierized area. In the past 50 years, the number of glaciers decreased by 177, and the glacier area and volume reduced by 338.08 km² (-8.12 km²/a) and 19.92 km³ (-0.48 km³/a), respectively. Retreat altitudes of glaciers were concentrated at 4,900-5,600 m, 4,700-5,200 m, and 5,000-5,600 m and reduced areas accounted for 95.53%, 77.80%, and 69.19% in the Kunlun, Qilian, and Altun mountains, respectively. The area of north-oriented glaciers decreased the most (-125.43 km²), but the west- and east-oriented glaciers retreated at the fastest rate (i.e., -27.11% and -27.10%). All glaciers showed a decreasing trend in sub-regions of the Qaidam Basin from 1977 to 2018. The decreasing trend was accelerated gradually from northwest to southeast in the northern part of the basin, while glacier change was the smallest in the middle section and gradually accelerated towards both ends of the basin's southern part. The temperature had continued to rise, and the precipitation had increased slowly in the Qaidam Basin during the past 50 years. The continuous rise in air temperature was the main reason for the retreat of glaciers.     

Vegetation and climate history of Anggertu Lake in the Tengger Desert over the last millennium

Reconstructing climate change of the last millennium is important to understand the current relationship between human-social activities and natural environmental changes. Pollen assemblages, losson-ignition(LOIo rg at 550°C), and grain size data collected from sediment core AGE15 A from the center of Anggertu lake(eastern Tengger Desert, Inner Mongolia) were used to reconstruct the regional vegetation and climate history of the last millennium. Desert or steppe desert, dominated by A rtemisia and Amaranthaceae, expanded around this region during the period of 988–1437 AD indicating a generally dry climate condition with two short humid periods(1003–1082 AD and 1388–1437 AD). These two wet periods were characterized by relatively high vegetation cover and bioproductivity, as reflected by high pollen concentrations and LOIo rg values. Increases in steppe and meadow vegetation communities(Poaceae, Cyperaceae) and vegetation cover during 1437–2015 AD suggest a wetting trend, which was also deduced from a gradual trend towards fine grains and higher lake biological productivity as reflected by LOIo rg values. An unstable lacustrine environment was identified via frequent fluctuations in pollen concentration and grain size after 1842 AD. This study also recorded a relatively dry Medieval Warm Period(MWP, 1082–1388 AD) and a wet Little Ice Age(LIA, 1437–1842 AD). Increased Amaranthaceae and high abundance of Poaceae may be related to overgrazing and agricultural activities that took place during those time periods. The evolution of vegetation in the lake region was influenced by climate change and human activities. These results could provide more fundamental support for studies of the environmental evolution of the Tengger Desert.     

DmpIRFs and DmpST:DAMPE instrument response functions and science tools for gamma-ray data analysis

Observing GeV gamma-rays is an important goal of the DArk Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE)for indirect dark matter searching and high energy astrophysics. In this work, we present a set of accurate instrument response functions for DAMPE(DmpIRFs) including the effective area, point-spread function and energy dispersion, which are crucial for gamma-ray data analysis based on statistics from simulation data. A dedicated software named DmpST is developed to facilitate the scientific analyses of DAMPE gamma-ray data. Considering the limited number of photons and angular resolution of DAMPE, the maximum likelihood method is adopted in DmpST to better disentangle different source components. The basic mathematics and framework regarding this software are also introduced in this paper.     

地网对VHF天线性能影响的分析研究

基于VHF频段射电天文干涉阵列的天线,研究地网以及不同环境对天线辐射特性包括增益、方向图、谐振点等参数的影响。结果表明,无地网条件下,天线在干燥土壤和沙地的增益分别是3.06 dB和1.44 dB,且存在明显的旁瓣和后瓣;天线在潮湿土壤和沙地的增益分别是4.33 dB和4.25 dB。增加地网后,天线在干燥土壤和沙地的增益分别是4.87 dB和4.97 dB,潮湿土壤和沙地分别是4.39 dB和4.40 dB,方向图不存在明显的后瓣和旁瓣,谐振点稳定在27.0 MHz和69.5 MHz处,且在此之间的频段上,驻波比均满足银河噪声限制条件。由此可以得出结论:在干燥土壤和沙地上铺设地网时,VHF天线性能最好,噪声最低,这对大规模的VHF天线阵列的基础构建环境选择至关重要。     

Land-Use Changes and Human Driving in and Near the Yangtze River Delta from 1995–2015

We analyzed the characteristics and trends of land-use change in and near the coastal zone of the Yangtze River Delta (YRD) during five periods (1995, 2000 2005, 2010, and 2015) using remotely sensed Landsat imagery. Using automatic supervised classification combined with visual interpretation, we obtained land-use information for five study areas (Nantong, Shanghai, Jiaxing, Ningbo, and Zhoushan). Significant land-use changes have occurred in this area between 1995 and 2015, characterized in particular by large reductions in cultivated land and rapid increases in urbanized land. In addition, land reclamation was very active in this period as an effective supplement to the increased demand for land development: since 1995, 1622 km² of land was reclaimed from near-coastal regions in the study area. This increase in urbanization was jointly driven by population, economic, transportation, and policy factors. Urban areas expanded from the center outward in concentric rings, with infrastructure guiding the radial expansion of development along transportation corridors, thus forming a network of connections. Due to the influence of national land regulation policies, the expansion rate of development in the YRD gradually diminished after 2010. This indicates that the area’s resource and environmental carrying capacity has reached a saturation stage in which urbanization has transitioned from broad and incremental expansion to the intensive use of land resources.     

Introduction to the China-Vietnam Cooperation Project: A Comparative Study of the Holocene Sedimentary Evolution of the Yangtze and Red River Deltas

Both China and Vietnam confront the challenges of natural geohazards and environmental changes in their deltas and coastal zones due to rapid urbanization, economic development, and the impacts of global climate change. China and Vietnam initiated a comparative study of the Holocene sedimentary evolution of the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) and Red River Delta(RRD) for the period 2015–2018 in order to improve the understanding of the two delta evolution histories in the Holocene. Previous investigative data of the two rivers, onshore delta plains, and offshore subaqueous deltas have been explored and reinterpreted. New data gleaned from boreholes, piston cores, shallow seismic and hydrodynamic sources have been collected from the offshore YRD and the East China Sea inner shelf, and surface sediments and short cores have been collected from the RRD near-shore areas. Six focal areas of the joint project have been defined for comparative studies of the two deltas, including morphological development, sequential stratigraphy, coastline shifting, sedimentary characteristics, sedimentary dynamics, and correlation with anthropogenic global climate change. The results of these study areas are presented herein. The joint project also includes cooperative capacity building; exchanges of young scientists have been organized during the project period, and hands-on training in laboratory geochemical analysis, numerical modeling, and seismic data processing and interpretation have been provided by China and its Vietnamese geoscientist partners. Joint field excursions were organized to the upstream of the Yangtze and Red Rivers in Yunan Province, China, all the way downstream along the Vietnamese portion of the Red River. These joint studies have, over the past three years, improved understanding of the evolutionary history of these two major rivers and their mechanisms of source to sink. Joint project results of these two major deltas are not limited to the geosciences; the cooperative mechanical and operational experiences have been helpful for future cooperation in the field of marine geoscience between China and Vietnam, as well for cooperative activities with other ASEAN member countries.     

钢管混凝土框架骨架曲线研究

以钢管混凝土统一理论为基础,从截面层次的恢复力模型出发,钢管混凝土柱构件选用三线型弯矩~曲率滞回模型;钢梁采用双线型弯矩-转角滞回模型;钢筋混凝土梁选用三线型弯矩-转角滞回模型。使用非线性分析程序IDARC分析钢梁-钢管混凝土柱和钢筋混凝土梁-钢管混凝土柱两类框架结构的骨架曲线,程序结果和试验结果吻合良好。并进一步研究了轴压比、含钢率、混凝土强度和钢材强度等对结构骨架曲线的影响。研究结果不仅为钢管混凝土框架结构的应用推广提供了必要的理论基础,而且对钢管混凝土抗震设计具有较好的参考价值。     

氮磷比对微囊藻与栅藻磷赋存及分配的影响

太湖水体氮浓度及氮磷比的改变可能影响藻类对磷元素的赋存及分配,进而影响水体总磷浓度.为此,本研究选取常见蓝藻(群体微囊藻和单细胞微囊藻)和绿藻(斜生栅藻),设置低氮磷比(N:P=2)和高氮磷比(N:P=20)培养实验,分析藻体胞内磷(INT-P)和胞外磷(EPS-P)含量、形态及分布,探究氮磷比对藻体磷元素赋存及分配的影响.结果表明:低氮磷比组斜生栅藻和群体微囊藻的藻体磷(CTP,即INT-P与EPS-P之和)显著增加,分别为高氮磷比组的2.7和1.4倍.斜生栅藻和群体微囊藻EPS-P含量(约占CTP的80%)分别增加了3.1和0.48倍,而INT-P含量对氮磷比无明显响应.低氮磷比组的斜生栅藻和群体微囊藻EPS含量分别增加了51.7%和63.5%.此外,微囊藻的CTP与EPS-P主要以可交换态活性磷存在,而INT-P主要以铁铝结合态磷存在.本研究发现低氮磷比促进了藻类EPS分泌,导致EPS-P升高,显著增加了藻体颗粒态磷的含量.这或许是近年来太湖水体总磷波动的原因之一.