Soil moisture temporal stability and spatio-temporal variability about a typical subalpine ecosystem in northwestern China

Knowledge of the spatial–temporal variability of soil water content is critical for water management and restoration of vegetation in semi-arid areas. Using the temporal stability method, we investigated soil water relations and spatial–temporal variability of volumetric soil water content (VSWC) in the grassland–shrubland–forest transect at a typical semi-arid subalpine ecosystem in the Qilian Mountains, northwestern China. The VSWC was measured on 48 occasions to a depth of 70 cm at 50 locations along a 240-m transect during the 2016–2017 growing seasons. Results revealed that temporal variability in VSWC in the same soil layer in the three vegetation types and averaged across vegetation types tended to exhibit similar patterns of a decrease with increasing soil depth. Temporal stability in each vegetation type was stronger with an increase in soil depth. However, the results of temporal stability determined with standard deviation of relative difference (SDRD) disagreed with those based on the Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; the forest site had the highest Spearman rank correlation coefficient while the shrubland—the smallest SDRD in the 0–20 cm soil layer. Correlation analyses of VSWCs between two vegetation types indicated that soil water was related among all three vegetation types at the 0–20, and 0–70 cm soil layer, but in the 20–40 and 40–70 cm soil layers, significant correlation (p < .01) occurred only between adjacent vegetation types. In the upper soil layer (0–20 cm), soil water relations were mainly affected by surface runoff. In the lower soil layer (20–40 and 40–70 cm), soil water relations among the three vegetation types were highly complex, and probably resulting from a combination of root distribution and activity, interflow, and the impact of deep soil freeze–thaw dynamics. These results suggest that the factors affecting soil water are complex, and further research should address the relative importance of and interactions among different determining factors.     

Monitoring of water surface temperature of Eurasian large lakes using MODIS land surface temperature product

In this study, data from MODIS land surface temperature product level 3 (MOD11A2) were used to investigate the spatiotemporal variation of Eurasian lakes water surface temperature (LSWT) from 2001 to 2015, and to examine the most influencing factors of that variation. The temperature of most lakes in the dry climate zone and in the equatorial climatic zone varied from 17 to 31°C and from 23 to 27°C, respectively. LSWTs in the warm temperate and cold climatic zones were in the range of 20 to 27°C and −0.6 and 17°C, respectively. The average day time LSWT in the polar climate zone was −0.71°C in the summer. Lakes in high latitude and in the Tibetan Plateau displayed low LSWT, ranging from −11 to 26°C during the night time. Large spatial variations of diurnal temperature difference (DTD) were observed in lakes across Eurasia. However, variations in DTDs were small in lakes located in high latitude and in tropical rainforest regions. The shallow lakes showed a rapid response of LSWT to solar and atmospheric forcing, while in the large and deep lakes, that response was sluggish. Results of this study demonstrated the applicability of remote sensing and MODIS LST products to capture the spatial–temporal variability of LSWT across continental scales, in particular for the vast wilderness areas and protected environment in high latitude regions of the world. The approach can be used in future studies examining processes and factors controlling large scale variability of LSWT.     

Timoshenko beam solution for the response of existing tunnels because of tunneling underneath

An analytical solution for the deflection and internal forces of an existing tunnel because of tunneling underneath is presented. The existing tunnel is modeled as a Timoshenko beam resting on a Winkler foundation, which takes into account the contribution of shear deformation to the total deflection of the existing tunnel. The validity of the analytical solution is verified by a centrifuge test, and the merit of this analytical method is confirmed by comparison with the conventional Euler–Bernoulli beam model. Influential factors on the behavior of the existing tunnel are investigated by consideration of the variations of subgrade modulus, ground loss induced by the new tunnel construction, vertical clearance between the new tunnel and the existing tunnel, and relative existing tunnel–soil stiffness. Results show that the proposed analytical method is a valid and effective method to evaluate shearing‐induced deformation in existing tunnels with large diameters. Results also show that the pattern and the amplitude of the response of the existing tunnel are affected largely by ground loss induced by the new tunnel construction, vertical clearance between the new tunnel and the existing tunnel, and relative existing tunnel–soil stiffness. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

航空高光谱探测技术在准噶尔盆地东部地区油气调查中的应用

赋存于地下的油气藏(田)一般都存在向地表微渗漏,油气藏上方烃类垂向微渗漏可引起近地表物质的物理与化学性质变化,形成地物反射光谱特征异常,这为航空高光谱技术用于探测烃类微渗漏信息成为可能,成为油气选区调查和寻找油气的有效技术方法。在准东2500 km2范围内开展航空高光谱油气探测技术研究,获取了研究区CASI/SASI/TASI航空高光谱遥感数据,提取了与油气及与油气相关的粘土、碳酸盐、二价铁等信息,通过与已发现的油气藏(田)高光谱油气异常信息的对比研究,在准东地区落实了柳树河子和三台镇2个油气有利区。     

紫外分光光度法测定秋水仙碱中毒血清的临床应用

目的：探讨紫外分光光度法测定秋水仙碱中毒血清,为临床秋水仙碱中毒提供诊疗依据。方法取0．5 mL 血清加提取液（三氯甲烷∶甲醇＝95∶5）4．0 mL。充分震荡萃取,高速离心,取有机层于另一试管中氮气吹干,取0．2 mL 甲醇溶解残渣,混匀,取50 mL 做紫外扫描。结果血清中秋水仙碱最大吸收峰（351±1）nm,浓度在5．0～40μg／mL 范围内呈线性,回归方程Y ＝0．0502X ＋0．0013,其相关系数为0．9995,回收率为83．8％～102．8％,相对标准差为3．3％～4．8％。日内、日间相对标准差分别为3．22％～4．74％和3．45％～4．66％,最低检出浓度为1．0μg／mL。结论该方法操作简便,分析快速,结果准确,为临床诊断秋水仙碱中毒提供了一个简便准确的检测方法。     

Evidence for the role of KIF17 in fish spermatid reshaping: expression pattern of KIF17 in Larimichthys polyactis spermiogenesis

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - The homodimeric kinesin-2 protein KIF17 functions in intracellular transport and spermiogenesis in mammals. However, its role in fish spermiogenesis has not...     

Genomic analysis of a pure culture of magnetotactic bacterium Terasakiella sp. SH-1

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Magnetotactic bacteria(MTB) display magnetotaxis ability because of biomineralization of intracellular nanometer-sized, membrane-bound organelles termed...     

丹霞山陡坡上风化洞穴的基本特征及成因探讨

风化洞穴在全球不同气候区广泛发育,其形成过程和主控因素是地貌学研究的热点问题,但形成机制至今仍存在不少争议,尤其对丹霞地貌区风化洞穴的研究还较少。丹霞山是世界自然遗产地“中国丹霞”的典型代表,陡坡上发育形态和规模各异的风化洞穴,是丹霞地貌的重要景观要素,为认识亚热带湿润气候风化洞穴成因提供了良好的机会。文章以丹霞山砾岩和砂岩陡坡上的5处典型风化洞穴为研究对象,利用野外考察、形态测量、气象监测、样品显微观察及盐化学实验等方法,在已有研究的基础上进一步对湿润气候丹霞地貌区风化洞穴的特征和成因进行探讨。结果表明：1）在砾岩中发育的洞穴一般个体形态较大,洞穴具有较明显的向上和向内生长趋势;砂岩中发育的洞穴大多密集排列,形态较小,常具有蜂巢结构。2）岩石性质是洞穴发育的基本影响因素,在宏观尺度上决定了洞穴的发育位置和排列方式,也决定了不同岩性下发育的风化洞穴的形态特征。在微观尺度上,岩石含有较多长石、钙质胶结物等易溶矿物组分,在酸性雨水渗流过程中发生化学溶解,加上盐结晶作用导致岩石微观结构破坏,诱发洞穴初始形成。3）洞穴尺寸变大后,洞穴内适宜的微气候是洞穴演化的关键因素,为水和盐的聚集及盐风化提...