Using GIS for analysis of urban systems

It is recognized that the spatial organization of urban system can be abstracted as three main components: a set of points, which describes the structural characteristics such as social and economic properties of individual city; a set of lines, which indicates the patterns of interaction among the cities; a set of spheres, which indicates how and to which extent each city affects the area around it. Even if such substance of urban system coincides with the main purpose of GIS for spatial or geometric data types such as point, line and region, little attention has been given to this point. By an evidence analysis of China, the application of potential analytical capabilities of GIS for urban system is attempted in this study. We find GIS acts as an efficient tool not only for the spatial structure analysis of urban system, which including potential distribution of cities, extraction of principal linkages among cities, and delimitation of subsystems; but also for the verification of socio-economic attributes and dynamics of urban system. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

中国生态地理区域系统区划

Eco-geographic regionalization has been one of the most important topics in China‘s regionalization researches since the end of the 20th century. It is a major ecosystem in geographic zonality. A hierarchical system, which is formed by division or combination of natural features based on geographic relativity and comparison of major ecosystem factors (including biological and non-biological) and geographic zonality, is called eco-geographic regional system. This paper introduces process of China‘s regionalization development. The first level unit, temperature zone, is delineated with main criteria of temperature. The second level unit, humidity region, is based on criteria of water/moisture states. The third level unit, natural region, is divided according to medium geomorphologic units. Vegetation types and soils are applied as supplementary criteria to indicate temperature and water/moisture states. Mapping process from qualitative to quantitative and China‘s eco-geographic regional system are also explained in this paper.     

沙漠砂抗剪强度特征及其与静力触探指标间的关系

通过室内系列化的直剪试验和静力触探模拟试验,对沙漠砂的抗剪强度特征取得了规律性的认识,并建立了砂土内摩擦角与锥尖阻力之间的经验关系,为今后在沙漠地基勘察评价中用静力触探方法估计砂土内摩擦角创造了条件。     

成矿流体运动系统与金质来源和富集机制讨论

以 山东地区大型、超大型金矿为例,从运动学和动力学角度,系统研究其成矿作用的起点（岩石－岩浆－流体间的物理化学作用）和终点（矿富集于断裂复合处或交汇部位）,以及成矿流体在运动中的渗透、振荡、气－液态交替、流速的突变及多层次循环流体的萃取、沟通等多方面的共同作用。结果表明,巨量金质来源和富集的关键取决于各层次流体循环笼统间的沟通,地幔富Ｃ－Ｈ－Ｏ流体循环系统、中－下部地壳富硅流体循环系统、浅－表部（     

福建省同安湾叶绿素的含量

根据1998年2月、5月、8月、11月对同安湾叶绿素a含量的调查,分析了同安湾叶绿素a的季节分布,并估算了初级生产力C的含量,调查结果表明春季的叶绿素a含量为全年最高,范围为2.68 μg/L～16.24 μg/L,平均值为7.22 μg/L,初级生产力C平均为4286.4mg/m2.d;夏季叶绿素a含量为1.03μg/L～5.40 μg/L,平均值为.3.34 μg/L;秋季叶绿素a含量为0.36 μg/L～1.50 μg/L,平均值为0.87μg/L,初级生产力C平均为32.84mg/mg.d;冬季叶绿素a含量为1.11μg/L～2.21μg/L,平均值为1.56 μg/L.本文还将此次调查结果与历史资料作了比较.     

拉萨城市用地变化分析

根据１９９９年８～８月实地调查和以往文献资料、４期航片和地形在信息,动用遥感信息解译和ＧＩＳ软件分析及ＧＰＳ定位核查,准确地展现了过去５０年中拉萨城市用地变化进程,重点分析了城市用地变化产生的生态与环境和问题。主要结论如下：①拉萨城区拓展迅速,从１９５１年始到１９９９年,城区扩大了１０．３１倍,城市建设面积扩大了近１９倍。城区发展分为：城市扩建初期（１９５２～１９６５年）、高速发展时期（１９６６～     

贵州草海湿地不同生境周丛生物碳、氮、磷生态化学计量学

为深入了解湿地周丛生物碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)生态化学计量的变化规律及其影响因素,对贵州草海湿地4种不同生境(湖滨带、人工湿地、农田沟渠、污水处理厂)中周丛生物两个生长阶段(生长期和衰老期)的C、N、P生态化学计量学进行了研究.结果表明:水体营养指数依次为污水处理厂(51.55±4.50)＞农田沟渠(50.41±4...     

1971-2004年青藏高原总云量时空变化及其影响因子

With Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) and trend analysis method adopted, the spatio-temporal variation of total cloud amount is analyzed for 75 stations on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau during the period 1971-2004. Analysis indicates that the total cloud amount decreases from the southeast to the northwest of the plateau, and that the annual and seasonal variations in total cloud amount both show an apparent declining tendency over the past decades. Correlation analysis demonstrates that the total cloud amount is negative with sunshine duration and diurnal temperature range (DTR), and is positive with precipitation and the relative humidity, respectively. The negative correlation is consistent with the radiative effect of cloud, while the positive correlation between total cloud amount and precipitation is obscured because of the influence of topographic factors. Discussion implies that the decrease of total cloud amount is possibly due to the variation of atmospheric aerosol content and ozone concentration over the plateau, although it is difficult to quantify the driving force mechanism up to now.     

青海共和盆地多石在沟河道沙丘现代风水交互过程

选择青海共和盆地多石在沟河道中6道新月形沙丘链作为研究对象,采用Trimble4700DGPS与常规测量手段,结合野外风沙观测与自动气象站数据,初步观测分析了2006年多石在沟河道沙丘在不同季节的形态变化过程,计算出2006年风季前比雨季后多石在沟河道沙丘体积减小了548.3m³,风积量为2351m³,流水的蚀平量为2899m³,2006年风水两相营力对河道沙丘的侵蚀贡献率约为45%∶55%,流水的搬运作用强于风力的堆积作用。但从较长的时间尺度来看,研究区的风力侵蚀作用强于流水侵蚀作用,河道沙丘不断增大。多石在沟河道沙丘是一个典型的风水交互作用系统,河道成为风力与流水交互作用的"中转站",在风水的交替作用下,沉积物由风积环境进入流水环境中。     

山东省金刚石深部找矿成果及技术进展

自原国土资源部等四部委发布《找矿突破战略行动纲要（2011—2020年)》,山东加强了对蒙阴金刚石原生矿深部及外围的勘查,深部及外围找矿工作取得丰硕成果,并在金刚石找矿方法和综合研究方面取得改进和新认识。本文总结了10年来山东省第七地质矿产勘查院金刚石找矿成果,蒙阴常马庄和西峪金刚石原生矿深部钻探控制至1000m,新增金刚石矿物量550万ct,改进了金刚石原生矿重砂矿物组合和粒级,完善了金刚石找矿方法和选矿方法,对金刚石成矿理论取得新认识,并在深部新发现含金刚石的金伯利岩管,在蒙阴金刚石原生矿外围发现了含金刚石的煌斑岩,查明了费县朱田大井头岩管为含金刚石的钾镁煌斑岩岩管。编制了《矿产地质勘查规范金刚石》,填补了我国没有《金刚石矿勘查规范》的空白,对我国今后的金刚石矿勘查具有重要的指导作用。