Analysis of the Characteristics of the D.P.R. Korean Seismic Event on September 23, 2017

A M3. 4 seismic event occurred in the Punggye-ri nuclear test site,D. P. R Korea at 16∶29 p.m. on September 23,2017. We analyzed the waveforms of this event recorded by the China Earthquake Networks Center. In conclusion,this event is complex,including an explosion with a successive earthquake. Although the beginning of the event is an explosion,fault dislocation plays the main role in the event.     

龙陵-瑞丽断裂北段晚第四纪活动性特征及强震复发间隔

野外地质地貌调查表明,龙陵-瑞丽断裂(南支)北段是以左旋走滑为主兼具一定正断分量的区域性活动断裂.断裂晚更新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为2.2mm/a,平均垂直滑动速率为0.6mm/a;全新世以来的平均水平滑动速率为1.8-3.0mm/a,平均垂直滑动速率为0.5mm/a.断裂在晚更新世以来的滑动速率在不同的时间尺度上变化不大,反映出该断裂晚更新世以来的活动强度比较稳定.利用Poisson模型、Lognormal模型、BPT模型三种概率模型计算获得未来50a强震发震概率分别是:6.32％、0.08％、0.05％;三种模型分别取权重0.28、0.36、0.36,获得龙陵-瑞丽断裂北段未来50a特征地震发震概率为1.82％.     

Assessment of extreme drought and human interference on baseflow of the Yangtze River

Attention has been given to baseflow in large rivers, but up to now, no study on baseflow for the Yangtze River in combination with extreme drought and extensive human activities has been carried out. Discharge data in 2000–2005 and in the extreme drought years, 1978 and 2006, at stations along the main stream, lakes and distributaries of the Yangtze River were collected to analyse the features of baseflow in 2006 by using baseflow separation technique, HYSEP. It can be seen that the baseflow relative to the streamflow in 2006 was greater than those in other years. The variation of baseflow discharge in the Upper Yangtze River Stream (UYRS) was larger than that in the Mid‐Lower Yangtze River Stream (MLYRS). Human activities in MLYRS are more intensive than that in the UYRS and the baseflow discharge was greater. The baseflow is influenced by the extreme climate and human activities along the Yangtze River with the former being the dominant factor in 2006. The contribution of human interference to baseflow discharge was about 10% in 2006. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

川滇地区活动地块现今地壳形变特征

位于青藏高原东南缘的川滇菱形块体的地壳运动主要以鲜水河、安宁河、则木河、小江、红河、澜沧江、龙门山等深大断裂的强烈构造活动为特征,新生代以来受青藏高原物质向东侧流动及阿萨姆顶点楔入的作用,使该地区构造活动复杂,地震活动强烈而频繁,是研究地壳形变与地震的有利地区之一.但由于形变观测资料时空分布的制约,以前很多学者对川滇地区活动断裂的GPS形变研究主要以大尺度为主,主要反映川滇块体的整体运动特征,而对于利用GPS研究各个块体间的相互作用及其对边界带的活动构造的作用缺少深入的分析,本文正是基于1998～2002年间该地区200多GPS点位的三期GPS复测资料(网络工程和973项目),将川滇地区分为9个次级活动块体,计算了各个活动块体的欧拉旋转矢量和主要活动断裂的运动速度,并分析了该地区的应变场特征和地震危险性.结果表明川滇地区活动块体的运动有以下特点:     

地震重现时间间隔概率分布函数选择的必要条件

地震重现时间间隔的分布规律研究对于短期和中长期地震预测、地震灾害预防和救援有着重要的理论和实际意义,如果能够确定地震重现时间间隔的概率密度函数(probability density function-pdf),则在统计学的意义上,能够对地震再次发生的概率进行评估和预测.在地震重现时间间隔的pdf研究中,一个核心问题是如何判断某个pdf是否能够有效地描述地震重现时间间隔分布特征.作者提出利用特征地震重现时间间隔数据的变化系数(COV)与其偏度(S),变化系数与其峰度(K)的相关关系对所选择的pdf的适用性进行判别.研究表明,常用的一些概率密度函数(对数正态分布、gamma分布、Weibull分布和指数分布)并不合适作为描述特征地震的重现时间间隔分布的数学模型.     

全国自动地震速报系统评估

对全国自动地震速报系统进行了初步的评估. 通过2010年1月1日—2011年12月31日的自动定位结果与全国正式目录的对比, 分别得出了3套自动定位系统总体误差以及全国和全球的误差插值图, 并对结果进行了总结. 同时, 还针对3套自动定位系统的漏报和误报情况进行了分析和讨论. 总体来说, 现阶段自动地震速报系统整体上对于首都圈地区M≥3.0, 国内其它地区M≥4.0(部分台站稀疏的西部地区M≥5.0), 国外M≥7.0的地震基本可以达到全面覆盖的程度, 可以作为正式地震速报的参考, 对于建立“自动报—正式报”的两级地震速报制度能提供有力的技术支撑.     

Detrimental effects of reduced seawater pH on the early development of the Pacific abalone

The hatching process of the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai was prolonged at a pH of 7.6 and pH 7.3, and the embryonic developmental success was reduced. The hatching rate at pH 7.3 was significantly (10.8%) lower than that of the control (pH 8.2). The malformation rates at pH 7.9 and pH 8.2 were less than 20% but were 53.8% and 77.3% at pH 7.6 and pH 7.3, respectively. When newly hatched larvae were incubated for 48 h at pH 7.3, only 2.7% of the larvae settled, while more than 70% of the larvae completed settlement in the other three pH treatments. However, most 24 h old larvae could complete metamorphosis in all four pH treatments. Overall, a 0.3-unit reduction in water pH will produce no negative effect on the early development of the Pacific abalone, but further reduction in pH to the values predicted for seawater by the end of this century will have strong detrimental effects.     

沙漠砂抗剪强度特征及其与静力触探指标间的关系

通过室内系列化的直剪试验和静力触探模拟试验,对沙漠砂的抗剪强度特征取得了规律性的认识,并建立了砂土内摩擦角与锥尖阻力之间的经验关系,为今后在沙漠地基勘察评价中用静力触探方法估计砂土内摩擦角创造了条件。     

混凝土材料基本力学性质的声弹性试验结果及分析

本文进行了不同级配的混凝土圆柱体试样的声弹性试验和单轴压缩试验。通过试验得出不同级配混凝土试样的纵波波速与其单轴抗压强度的关系。试验结果表明,混凝土弹性波幅的衰减与材料的密度和尺寸有关。