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101.
生态系统服务弹性敏感性系数的合理性与决策属性探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在经济学弹性基本概念的基础之上,采用数学推导的方式重点探讨3种生态系统服务弹性敏感性评价模型的合理性与决策属性。研究结果表明:① Kreuter敏感性系数大小始终为0~1;在极限形式下,生态系统服务价值变率函数与Kreuter敏感性系数具有相同的数学表达式与值域;所以这两种敏感性评价模型把1作为是否敏感的评价标准并不合适。生态系统服务交叉敏感性系数不符合一般意义上的“交叉敏感性”的概念,并且其计算公式不符合弹性的基本定义。② 弹性敏感性计算方式适用于随机变量间的研究,不适用于具有确定性关系的变量;生态系统服务框架下的3种弹性敏感性系数均建立在具有确定性关系的生态系统服务价值计算公式的基础之上,导致其敏感性计算结果缺乏深层次的决策属性。 相似文献
102.
As an appropriate type of foundation for offshore wind turbines (OWTs), wide-shallow composite bucket foundation (WSCBF) is cost-competitive, and it has a unique and special substructure that comprises seven internal rooms arranged in a honeycomb-like structure. In this study, the cyclic behavior of WSCBF for OWTs embedded in saturated clay was investigated using a large-scale model subjected to lateral cyclic loading. The responses of foundation under constant- and various-amplitude cyclic loadings were recorded in terms of displacements, rotations, and bending moments. The variations in stiffness and damping were obtained, and a collaborative bearing mechanical model between the bucket and soil was considered, which was beneficial for improving the stiffness of the whole structure. Accumulative deformation was found to have little effect on the bearing capacity of the foundation. Dynamic analysis in frequency domain was further performed on both moment and rotation data, and the complex, frequency-dependent impedance was also studied. 相似文献
103.
Speckle noise in synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) images severely hinders remote sensing applications; therefore, the appropriate removal of speckle noise is crucial. This paper elaborates on the multilayer perceptron (MLP) neural-network model for SAR image despeckling by using a time series of SAR images. Unlike other filtering methods that use only a single radar intensity image to derive their parameters and filter that single image, this method can be trained using archived images over an area of interest to self-learn the intensity characteristics of image patches and then adaptively determine the weights and thresholds by using a neural network for image despeckling. Several hidden layers are designed for feedforward network training, and back-propagation stochastic gradient descent is adopted to reduce the error between the target output and neural-network output. The parameters in the network are automatically updated in the training process. The greatest advantage of MLP is that once the despeckling parameters are determined, they can be used to process not only new images in the same area but also images in completely different locations. Tests with images from TerraSAR-X in selected areas indicated that MLP shows satisfactory performance with respect to noise reduction and edge preservation. The overall image quality obtained using MLP was markedly higher than that obtained using numerous other filters. In comparison with other recently developed filters, this method yields a slightly higher image quality, and it demonstrates the powerful capabilities of computer learning using SAR images, which indicate the promising prospect of applying MLP to SAR image despeckling. 相似文献
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The effects of various salinity fluctuation amplitudes (2, 4, 6 and 8) on the growth, osmolarity, Na+-K+-ATPase activity and Hsp70 of juvenile Fenneropenaeus chinensis cultured in seawater with a salinity of 20 were studied. The results show that weight gain in the salinity fluctuation treatments was better than that in control; in particular, the weight gain of treatments S4 and S0, at 231.8% and 196.3%, respectively, was significantly different (P<0.05). The hemolymph osmolarity of treatments S0, S2, S4, S6 and S8 was 635.4, 630.8, 623.6, 614.4 and 600.3 mOsm/kg, respectively, and decreased with increasing salinity fluctuation amplitude. The level of Na+-K+-ATPase activity in gills of F. chinensis was higher than that in hepatopancreas, but there were no significant differences among all treatments, either in gills or hepatopancreas (P>0.05). The relative level of Hsp70 in treatment S4 was 48.4% and 40.4% higher than control in muscle and eyestalks, respectively, with the highest values being recorded under a salinity fluctuation amplitude of 4. 相似文献
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Mountain areas are often rich in ecological diversity and recreational opportunities. Mountain tourism is thought to be an effective and important means for maintaining and expanding rural economies and, thus, improving the living conditions of rural societies. As mountain tourism service research is a professional field with several disciplines involved, a multi-disciplinary management pIatform is needed and it facilitates participation in sustainable mountain development by diverse stakeholders. With the source regions of the Yangtze and the Yellow River as a case study, this paper presents a conceptual framework for an adaptation management of mountain tourism services according to technical, policy, social and economic dimensions. The framework is based on a vulnerability assessment of mountain ecosystems, and can serve as a reference for the development of tourism service in other mountain areas. 相似文献
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研究了胶体磷在河口海区随盐度变化的趋势,并将其与颗粒态、真溶解态磷随盐度的变化趋势进行对比,分析胶体态磷在河口的行为与颗粒态磷和真溶解态磷二者的异同.探讨磷在颗粒相,胶体相和真溶液相之间的分配及其与悬浮颗粒物浓度的关系,研究胶体磷在河口海区中的迁移转化作用.研究结果表明,胶体相中总磷、有机磷和活性磷浓度由河端向海端降低,表明陆源输入是其主要来源.胶体有机磷占总磷比例随盐度增加而下降,表明有机磷受胶体去除过程的影响较明显,胶体磷在河口海区的浓度变化趋势及胶体中有机磷和活性磷的比例都与真溶解相接近而与颗粒相差别较大. 相似文献