湘渝川滇黔桂地市城镇化减贫效应的异质性及演变特征分析

从地市空间尺度出发,应用空间聚类分析方法和地理加权回归模型,研究了2006、2011和2016年湘渝川滇黔桂111个地市城镇化减贫效应的空间异质性及其时空演变趋势。结果表明：① 湘渝川滇黔桂地市城镇化减贫效应存在明显的空间异质性,其中,人口城镇化率提升对农民收入的影响总体逐步增强,且影响系数最高值区域总体稳定在湖南境内的中东部地市;② 产业城镇化总体具有益贫性,但在部分地区表现为抑制农民增收,其总体正向影响变大的同时差异性也随之扩大。在空间上,产业城镇化的减贫效应最低值区域从湖南、广西境内集中分布及其它省域分散分布向湖南东南部和广西东北部收缩,人口城镇化减贫效应低值区域和产业城镇化的高值区域基本重合;③ 土地城镇化对农民收入影响有正有负,但回归系数的均值一直为负,总体上抑制农民增收,其减贫效应空间上呈现差异扩大趋势,其最高值由四川北部及东北部、重庆东北部、广西东南部等地区逐步向广西境内集中,总体上呈现“南高北低”分布格局;④ 城镇化质量对农民收入均有显著的正向影响,且总体减贫效应逐步提升,但这一效应呈现出倒“U”型特征。在空间上,湖南地市城镇化质量减贫效应强于其他省份地市。据此,提出加快推进人口城镇化进程、合理优化二三产业结构、制定科学的征地补偿制度和因地制宜地促进城镇化高质量发展的建议。     

自主学习理念下的预习任务设计与课堂对接

在自主学习理念下,基于学情和学科特点设计预习的内容并进行类型的划分。针对预习效果,实现课堂教学对接,促进教学向生成性、实践性、研究性转化。本文以“宇宙中的地球”为例,探讨预习内容的设计与课堂对接,并对“地理1”模块的实践效果进行问卷调查统计和实践反思。     

如何突显地理课堂德育功能—— 以“新疆维吾尔自治区”为例

“立德树人”是教育的根本任务。本文以“新疆维吾尔自治区”一课为例,深入挖掘教材中具有育人价值的显性及隐性内容,运用不同形式的方法,引导学生在对视频、图片、图表等素材的解读过程中树立正确的世界观、人生观、价值观,并初步培养学生人地和谐的理念,给学生持久有效的德育效果。     

Climate change and multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization

Global large-scale urbanization and climate change have become indisputable scientific facts yet are unresolved issues, and are a common concern for mankind. The relationship between these two topics is unclear and it is not known how to deal appropriately at the scientific level with climate change in the process of urbanization. Further exploration of the science, management and practice, are needed to achieve global and regional sustainadevelopment. This paper first considers the basic facts concerning mass urbanization and climate change and summarizes the interactions and possible mechanisms of urbanization and climate change. Urbanization leads to the heat island effect, an uneven distribution of precipitation and extreme weather, together with a local-regional-global multi-scale superposition effect, which aggravates the consequences of global climate change. The impact of climate change on urbanization is mainly manifested in aspects such as changes of energy consumption, mortality, and the spread of infectious diseases, sea level rise, extreme weather damage to infrastructure, and water shortages. This paper also briefly reviews relevant international research programs and action coalitions and puts forward an analysis framework multi-dimensional sustainable urbanization which can adapt to and mitigate climate change, from the perspective of the four key dimensions—population, land use, economy, and society. It is imperative that we strengthen the interdisciplinary activities involving the natural and social sciences, take urbanization and other human activities into consideration of the land-atmosphere system, and explore the human-land-atmosphere coupling process. The adaptation and mitigation from the perspective of human activities, as represented by urbanization, might be the most critical and realistic way to deal with climate change.     

湖北宜昌×××条带状磷块岩选矿试验研究

×××磷矿属海相沉积型磷块岩矿床,主要具有胶状泥晶结构和磷质砂屑结构,以条带状构造为主。采用单一反浮选选矿工艺,使用硫酸为抑制剂、中化地质矿山总局地质研究院研制的K-02为捕收剂,在常温条件下取得较好的选矿工艺指标。进行了实验室重液浮沉试验。     

A New Look at the Bistatic-to-Monostatic Conversion for Tandem SAR Image Formation

The bistatic synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data, which are converted into equivalent monostatic data by proper preprocessing, can be processed by standard monostatic focusing algorithms. The dip moveout (DMO) approach, which is derived from seismic data processing, converts the bistatic data into equivalent monostatic data by a short time-domain Rocca's smile operator. A 2-D exact point-target (PT) reference spectrum is derived in this letter for tandem bistatic configuration. The geometry-based bistatic formulation is shown to be actually equivalent to Rocca's smile operator, although they are derived from the pure SAR and geophysics points of view, respectively. Moreover, the new PT spectrum can be extended to deal with azimuth-invariant bistatic SAR data. Interpretations on the equivalent monostatic range wavenumber are presented in this letter, which help understand the conversion from the radar signal processing viewpoint.      

阿尔金东段现代变形特征的SAR监测

合成孔径雷达差分干涉测量技术(D-InSAR)可监测地球表面的微量形变,包括地震、火山活动、冰川漂移、地面沉降、活动断裂及山体滑坡等引起的地表位移,是近年来发展起来并得到日益重视的新方法,与其他监测方法(如GPS监测等)相比,用D-InSAR进行地面微位移监测具有全天时、全天候、精度高、覆盖范围大且空间连续的巨大优势。采用D-InSAR技术对阿尔金东段构造变形特征进行了研究,结果表明,阿尔金断裂带是青藏高原东北缘地壳变形的重要分界线。界线以北地区变形均匀,而且变形量较小;以南地区变形强烈且不均匀,变形强度的总体趋势为西高东低,中间受北祁连断裂带西段的影响,在断裂带中出现约为1.0cm的变形低值。另外,南区存在N65°W和近NW两个方向的线性强变形带,前者与阿尔金走滑断裂带次一级的压扭面方向一致,后者与北祁连断裂带西段的展布方向一致。     

AMDAR资料在机场天气预报中的应用

介绍了我国航空器空中报告（AMDAR）的下传及应用情况，包括AMDAR的数据特点、资料的实时分析及应用。重点介绍了AMDAR资料在机场临近预报中的应用，包括在风场分析、颠簸的诊断及警报以及在天气分析中的应用。     

华北地区台风暴雨的统计特征分析

应用1949-2000年台风、降水、历史天气图等资料,对发生在华北地区的台风暴雨进行统计研究,得到了其时空分布、登陆地点、移动路线、季节特征以及与中纬度系统相互作用的关系。结果表明：52年中,由台风引起的暴雨共51次,平均约每年1次,且主要出现在夏季(尤以7,8月最多);影响华北的台风登陆地点以及移出或消失地点具有明显的特征,福建、浙江沿海登陆次数最多,江苏北部到山东南部没有台风登陆,而这一地区为台风移出最多区域;登陆台风强度较强时,出现较大降水的概率大,而台风强度较弱时造成较大降水的概率相对较小。     

基于T213产品与水汽收支的强降水面雨量预报方法及其误差分析

基于T213数值预报产品,以水汽收支平衡方程为基础,研制预报强降水的落区及强度的预报方法,并利用此方法制作6h面雨量的预报。该方法在2003年汛期淮河流域洪涝期间进行了应用,利用所得面雨量结果与实况降水进行各种误差分析。结果表明,预报正确率较高,该方法较为可靠,有一定的预报价值。