淮南煤田刘庄煤矿深部煤层气地质特征

为了查明刘庄煤矿深部煤层气赋存及开发地质条件,在井田内实施了两口煤层气探井,并开展了系统的分析测试工作。结果表明:刘庄深部勘查区主要煤层孔隙度一般为4.14%~4.77%,比表面积集中在2.184~5.228m 2/g,13-1煤层、11-2煤层和8煤层试井渗透率分别为0.12mD、0.09mD和0.08mD,孔裂隙系统发育一般,属于渗透性差的储集层;储层压力梯度大于静水压力梯度,属高异常压力范畴;主要煤层兰氏压力平均为2.61MPa,兰氏体积平均为6.74m 3/t,吸附能力较低;LT-1井气测录井过程中共出现14层气测异常,异常层段全烃含量均较低,最大为3.701%(16-1煤);主要煤层的含气量分布在0.21~1.47m 3/t,平均0.65m 3/t,主要煤层含气饱和度均很低,最大值仅为18.0%。综合分析认为,刘庄煤矿深部主要煤层埋深大,孔裂隙系统发育差,渗透率低,而且具有低含气量和低饱和度的特征,煤层气勘探风险较高。     

Experimental study on the pile group-soil vibration induced by railway traffic under the inclined bedrock condition

Acta Geotechnica - The aim of this paper is to study the soil vibration response of a pile group induced by train traffic resting on the inclined bedrock condition. A series of model tests on the...     

SLDZ-1数字化地下流体多测项综合观测仪的研制及试验观测

介绍SLDZ-1数字化地下流体多测项综合观测仪的主要结构和工作原理,以及该仪器的技术指标和功能。根据水位、水温、H2、CO2和CH4的试验观测结果,发现各测项数据的连续性、准确性和稳定性均较强,说明该监测仪器适用于地震地下流体微观和宏观监测、调查与核实等领域。     

金伯利岩的卫星影像识别标志及应用实例

金刚石矿是我国的急缺矿种,具有很高的工业价值和经济价值。但是,过去的 50 年中国在寻找金刚石矿上始终没有取得突破。在科学理解金伯利岩火山地貌形态的基础上,利用卫星影像识别技术,建立一个地区金伯利岩的卫星影像识别标志,能够在金刚石矿靶区范围内有效地缩小目标。这些都是要建立在野外和室内的反复认证的基础之上。本文以世界著名的博兹瓦纳境内两个著名的金刚石矿,结合山东临沂和湖南常德地区的具体实例来推断金伯利岩的存在。在寻找金伯利岩时,理解金伯利质火山是玛珥-管道火山体是寻找金伯利质火山管道的基础,重视对低平圆形地质体成因的研究,建立一个地区的小型圆形地质体的卫星影像识别标准是一个野外和室内反复验证和积累经验的过程。     

三种大型钙化绿藻仙掌藻对海水变化的生理响应

The effects of seawater temperature on the physiological performance of three Halimeda species were studied for a period of 28 d. Five treatments were established for Halimeda cylindracea, Halimeda opuntia and Halimeda lacunalis, in triplicate aquaria representing a factorial temperature with 24°C, 28°C, 32°C, 34°C and 36°C,respectively. The average F_v/F_m of these species ranged from 0.732 to 0.756 between 24°C and 32°C but declined sharply between 34°C(0.457±0.035) and 36°C(0.122±0.014). Calcification was highest at 28°C, with net calcification rates(Gnet) of(20.082±2.482) mg/(g·d),(12.825±1.623) mg/(g·d) and(6.411±1.029) mg/(g·d) for H.cylindracea, H. opuntia and H. lacunalis, respectively. Between 24°C and 32°C, the specific growth rate(SGR) of H.lacunalis(0.079%–0.110% d~(–1)) was lower than that of H. cylindracea(0.652%–1.644% d~(–1)) and H. opuntia(0.360%–1.527% d~(–1)). Three Halimeda species gradually bleached at 36°C during the study period.Malondialdehyde(MDA) and proline levels in tissues of the three Halimeda were higher in 34–36°C than those in24–32°C. The results indicate that seawater temperature with range of 24–32°C could benefit the growth and calcification of these Halimeda species, however, extreme temperatures above 34°C have negative impacts. The measured physiological parameters also revealed that H. cylindracea and H. opuntia displayed broader temperature tolerance than H. lacunalis.     

缢基蜈蚣藻的早期发育、生活史和生态习性

蜈蚣藻属是海膜科中最大的属。在实验室培养条件下,我们详细观察了缢基蜈蚣藻（Grateloupia constricata）早期发育过程及生活史,研究了温度与光周期、温度与光照强度的交互作用对其盘状体发育及幼苗生长的影响。结果表明：缢基蜈蚣藻孢子发育类型为“间接盘状体”类型;缢基蜈蚣藻生活史由单倍体的雌、雄配子体,二倍体的果孢子体和四分孢子体组成,为典型的同型世代交替;温度、光周期和光照强度及其之间的相互作用对盘状体和幼苗的发育有显著影响,其中由温度与光周期、温度与光照强度交互实验得出：缢基蜈蚣藻早期发育的最适条件为温度20℃、光照强度80 μmol photons/(m²·s) 和光周期16L:8D。本研究为缢基蜈蚣藻的种质保存、大规模栽培和可持续开发利用提供了理论依据和技术支持。     

利用卫星遥感和再分析数据刻画2017-2018年格陵兰北部罕见冰间湖事件

以90%海冰密集度为阈值,基于卫星遥感数据,2017-2018年冰季在格陵兰北部识别了两次冰间湖事件,分别出现在冬季和夏季。冬季的冰间湖事件从2018年2月20日持续至3月3日,夏季的事件从8月2日持续到9月5日。AMSR2被动微波的海冰密集度产品表明,冬季和夏季冰间湖事件对应的最低海冰密集度分别为72%和65%。两次冰间湖事件都与格陵兰北部东西气压梯度异常引起的南风加强有关,而气压梯度的异常则与对流层中部极涡的扰动有关。冬季冰间湖事件期间,相对暖和的气温和频繁出现的冰间湖,导致冬季海冰生长不持续,海冰热力增厚较小,这为夏季海冰发生破碎并形成冰间湖创造了条件。南风减弱和新冰生成是冬季冰间湖消失的主要原因。对于夏季的冰间湖,导致其消失的主要原因则是从北部输入的浮冰增加。Sentinel-1 合成孔径雷达产品相对AMSR2被动微波观测产品更加适合于应用到冰间湖事件伴随的新冰生长,这与前者具有更高的空间分辨率有关。格陵兰北部是北冰洋多年冰的聚集地,该区域被认为是北冰洋海冰的“避难所”。因此区域在2017-2018年出现罕见的冰间湖事件,对于整个北冰洋海冰的快速减少具有重要意义,也助于北冰洋海冰,尤其是多年冰的消退。     

泛长三角城市资源环境压力演化特征及门槛效应

基于资源消耗和环境污染视角构建城市资源环境压力评价指标体系,探讨2000-2017年泛长三角城市资源环境压力时空演化特征及城镇化的门槛效应与作用机理。研究发现： ① 泛长三角地区资源环境压力呈逐年递增趋势,以“快速-中速-慢速”的节奏持续走高; ② 各城市资源环境压力均不同程度由低压力向高压力类型演替,并呈现“东高西低、南高北低”格局; ③ 经济增长、工业化水平及人口密度存在显著门槛效应,消费水平、固定资产投资、进出口贸易对资源环境压力具有显著正向作用,能源强度降低和技术创新水平提高有利于减轻资源环境压力,而环境规制和能源消费的影响作用不显著。     

Regulation of water quality and growth characteristics of indoor raceway culture of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Litopenaeus vannamei</Emphasis>

Two modes of regulating the water quality of experimental ponds in indoor raceway culture of Litopenaeus vannamei were evaluated using simple water treatment facilities. A self-made water purifying net, aeration stone, composite microbe preparation, and Ceratophyllum demersum were placed in the experimental ponds and the culture water was circulated along the raceway inside the pond using a paddle wheel aerator. In addition, the water quality in the experimental pond was improved by draining effluent from the pipeline at the bottom of ponds 7 and 8 (mode I) and exchanging the circulating water in pond 10 (mode II) with the reservoir water in pond 9 using a pump and pipeline. The water quality in the experimental ponds was similar in response to regulation using mode I or mode II. Water quality parameters in the experimental ponds were controlled within a suitable range by simple facilities during culture period without using any chemical treatments. The rich content of dissolved oxygen was maintained by the circular flow and continuous aeration of the pond water. The respective average values of the main water parameters in experimental ponds 7 and 10 in response to regulation of the water quality using modes I and II were as follows: pH 8.17 and 7.99; DO 5.16 mg/L and 5.97 mg/L; COD_Mn 18.45 and 12.61 mg/L; TAN (NH₃-N) 0.854 mg/L (0.087 mg/L) and 0.427 mg/L (0.012 mg/L); NO₂-N 0.489 mg/L and 0.337 mg/L. Moreover, the average body length and body weight of harvested shrimp of pond 7 and pond 10 were 7.56 cm and 8.99 cm, 5.10 g and 8.33 g, respectively. Furthermore, the survival rate, average biomass yield and average condition factor of the shrimp harvested were 70% and 60%, 2.54 kg/m² and 2.14 kg/m², and 0.675 g/cm and 0.927 g/cm, respectively. Linear equations describing the relationship between body length and culture time and cubic or power functions describing the relationship between body weight and body length were obtained based on evaluation of the growth data of shrimps throughout the culture period.     

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