低山丘陵区土地利用方式对土壤质量的影响—以河北省遵化市为例

通过调查河北省遵化市低山丘陵区油松林、板栗、草地和坡耕地等典型土地利用方式对土壤养分和土壤容重的影响，土地取样取土壤表层0-20cm，结果表明，森林的砍伐以及随后的耕种显著增加了土壤容重并降低了大部分土壤养分。和林地相比，草地、当年开垦的农地、板栗和耕种3年的农地容重分别增加了13.3%，14.2%,27.5%,39.7%。除全磷外，板栗和耕种3年的农地土壤养分有显著下降，和林地相比，板栗有机质减少了60.7%，全氮减少了35.6%，全钾减少了21.3%，速效钾减少了57%；耕种3年的农地土壤有机质、全氮、全钾和速效钾则分别减少了62.9%,52.6%,31%和60%。土壤退化指数的计算结果表明板栗和耕种3年的农地土壤发生了较为严重的退化。     

郑州市城市环境建设可持续发展初探

文章通过对郑州市城市环境问题及城市建设发展概况的分析，认为城市发展与环境建设是相辅相成的，并探讨了保证城市环境建设可持续发展的对策，切实做好总体规划，加强水资源管理，注重绿化效果，提高清洁能源的使用率等。     

利用TM影像分析潮河与密云水库入库口处泥沙的空间分布

河流携带的泥沙进入水库后 ,由于河流水体与水库水体的共同作用而在河口区产生沉降。理论上水体中的泥沙含量是与距入库口处的空间距离相关的。并且 ,根据实验与模拟的结果 ,在可见光的任一波段内 ,水体中的含沙量与水面反射率具有一定的相关关系。TM影像的第二、三波段刚好位于含沙水体反射光谱的肩部和峰值部分 ,可以准确地反映水体的含沙情况。以潮河与密云水库的交接处为例 ,在泥沙含量与反射率负指数关系式的基础上 ,利用两个时相的TM影像 ,通过泥沙沉降过程的主轴作用线 ,采用回归模拟和经验公式相结合的办法 ,建立了泥沙沉降过程的遥感空间分布模型 ,讨论了模型中各参数的具体含义 ,描述水体中泥沙含量与沉降的情况。最后 ,采用多个作用轴线进行拟和与空间插值分析 ,建立了水体中泥沙含量的空间分布模拟图 ,经过检测 ,该图较好地反映了河流入库处水体中的泥沙含量情况 ,为遥感技术在监测水体含沙量方面的应用提供了技术基础。     

大面积开荒扰动下的三江平原近45年气候变化

黑龙江省三江平原近45年来，经过大规模的开荒，农田已取代原来的沼泽和沼泽化湿地，成为现今三江平原的主要景观类型，其下垫面发生了巨大变化，采用1955－1999年三江平原地区21个气象台站的气温，降水，日照时数和气压4个要素的资料，分析近45年来三江平原的气候变化和发展趋势：用Yamamoto法和Mann-Kendall法对5年滑动平均的区域季节和年时间序列进行突变检测，定量地认述了三江平原地区的气候变化事实，对于各气候要素出现在20世纪60年代，70年代和80年代的突变事实，尤其是20世纪70年代以来的阶梯式的持续变暖事实，认为三江平原区域气候系统内部的变化可能是引起这些突变的直接原因。     

中国流动人口的影响要素与空间分布

利用公安部 1 996年流动人口统计数据 ,对中国流动人口的影响要素和空间分布进行了分析和研究。首先 ,从城市角度分析中国流动人口的“拉力”要素发现 :流动人口规模与经济增长要素、投资要素相关显著 ,与社会发展要素、消费要素相关不显著 ;其次 ,运用 GIS技术与空间相关分析的综合集成方法 ,对中国流动人口的空间分布进行研究 ,结果表明 :中国流动人口分布存在着突出的城乡“二元”结构、东中西“3带、 5区”的空间格局。     

兴海6．6级地震灾害调查与损失评估

2000年9月12日青海省兴海县发生6．6级地震，青海省地震局为本次地震进行了地震灾害调查和损失评估。     

Fall vs flow activity during the 1991 climactic eruption of Pinatubo Volcano (Philippines)

Six years after the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption, deep erosion incisions into the pyroclastic deposits accumulated around the volcano enabled us to investigate the stratigraphy of the climactic deposits both in valley bottoms and on contiguous ridges. Stratigraphic relationships between fall, flow, and surge deposits in the Marella drainage system indicate that during the climactic eruption a progressive shift occurred from an early convective regime, to a transitional regime feeding both the plinian convective column and mostly dilute density currents, to a fully collapsing regime producing mostly dense pyroclastic flows. Syn-plinian dilute density currents (surges) propagated up to ~10 km from the crater, both along valley bottoms and on contiguous ridges of the Marella Valley, whereas post-plinian pyroclastic flows had greater runout (~13 km), were confined to valleys and were not associated with significant surges. Stratigraphic study and grain-size analyses allow the identification of three types of intra-plinian deposits: (a) lower and often coarse-grained surge deposits, emplaced during the accumulation of the coarsest portion of the fallout bed at time intervals of ~16-24 min; (b) upper fine-grained surge deposits, interstratified with the fine-grained portion of the fall bed and emplaced at shorter time intervals of ~3-13 min; and (c) small-volume, channel-confined, massive pumiceous flow deposits interbedded with the upper surges in the upper fine-grained fall bed. Maximum clast size isopleths of 1.6 and 0.8 cm for lithics (ML) and 2.0 and 4.0 cm for pumices (MP) show almost symmetrical distribution around the vent, indicating that the passing of the typhoon Yunya during the climactic eruption had little effect on trajectories of high-Reynold-number clasts. Significant distortion was, however, observed for the 3.2-cm ML and 6.0-cm MP proximal isopleths, whose patterns were probably influenced by the interaction of the clasts falling from column margins with the uprising co-ignimbrite ash plumes. Application of the Carey and Sparks (1986) model to the undisturbed isopleths generated by the umbrella cloud yields a maximum column height of ~42 km, in good agreement with satellite measurements. Systematic stratigraphic and vertical grain-size studies of the plinian fall deposit in the Marella Valley, combined with satellite data and eyewitness accounts, reveal that the carrying capacity of the convective column and related fallout activity peaked in the early phase of the eruption, beginning slightly before 13:41 and gradually declined until its cessation 3 h later. Most of the pumiceous pyroclastic flow deposits were emplaced after the end of the fallout activity at ~16:30 but before the summit caldera collapse at approximately 19:11. Only a small volume of pumiceous flow deposits accumulated after the final caldera collapse. In contrast to the previous reconstruction of Holasek et al. (1996), which interpreted the progressive lowering of the column, documented by satellite data, as due to a decreasing mass eruption rate, we suggest that a progressive shift from a plinian column to a large co-ignimbrite column could also account for such a variation.     

Cherts from the Yangla copper deposit, western Yunnan Province: geochemical characteristics and relationship with massive sulfide mineralization

Four layers of cherts were found for the first time in the Yangla copper deposit, western Yunnan Province. The cherts possessed the following geochemical characteristics: 1 Low TiO₂ and Al₂O₃ contents, but high ore-forming element (e.g. Cu, Au, Ag) contents; 2 low total REE contents and clear negative Eu anomalies when normalized to chondrite similar to the REE contents and distribution patterns of associated massive sulfide ores; 3 silicon isotopic compositions of cherts in the Yangla deposit being the same as cherts and geyserite of hot-water sedimentary origin; 4 lead and sulfur isotopic compositions of cherts in the Yangla deposit being similar to those of the massive sulfide ores in the Yangla deposit; 5 Rb-Sr isochron age of cherts from the Yangla deposit being identical with that of host strata. Hence, we conclude that the cherts in the Yangla deposit are of hot-water sedimentary origin, which have a close relationship with the massive sulfide ores. The discovery of hydrothermal cherts from the Yangla copper deposit provides further evidence for the hydrothermal exhalative origin of the massive sulfide deposits.     

赣南烟草化学组成及岩土地球化学特征

通过赣州地区14个典型烟草产区的岩石、土壤和烟叶地球化学调查和研究,初步评价研究区烟草产地的土壤营养状况,探讨烟草内在品质与基岩、土壤元素地球化学特征间的关系,为研究区烟草施肥及种植规划提供科学依据。     

西藏措勤地区中二叠世菊石化石及地质意义

根据2000年在西藏措勤地区1：25万区调中，在中二叠统中发现的菊石化石Popanoceras bowmani(Boese)、Paragastrioceras jossae(Vrneuil)和Timorites curvicostatus Haniel，对菊石相的中二叠统进行了划分对比。Paragastrioceras同冈瓦纳边缘区的特征化石，Timorites是赤道特提斯区的菊石代表，二者的共存，证实了西藏在二叠纪时位于邻近冈瓦纳边缘区的赤道特提斯区内，古气候已渐转为温暖。