滇东黔西上二叠统含煤岩系泥岩粘土矿物组成及环境意义*

滇东黔西上二叠统含煤岩系形成于陆相到海陆过渡相环境中,其泥岩的粘土矿物组成可以反映这种环境背景。该区泥岩粘土矿物类型以高岭石和伊利石/蒙皂石间层矿物为主,伊利石次之,局部层段见较少绿泥石及蒙皂石。垂向上,高岭石在富源后所矿区、盘县盘关矿区剖面中下部（即宣威组中、下段和龙潭组）含量偏高;伊利石在织金矿区剖面上部（长兴组）和下部（龙潭组下段）含量明显偏高,而在剖面中部（龙潭组上段）偏低;伊利石/蒙皂石间层矿物在后所矿区、盘关矿区、纳雍矿区占绝对优势,而在织金矿区仅在剖面中部含量较高,并与伊利石呈明显的负相关关系;蒙皂石含量很少,仅出现于盘关矿区和织金矿区剖面的上部和下部。粘土矿物的上述分布特征可大致反映出龙潭早期为海侵期,龙潭晚期为海退期,长兴期为新的更大的海侵期。平面上,从陆到海,即从滇东的冲积平原河流体系,向东经盘关向斜的上三角洲平原、纳雍的过渡带三角洲平原,到织金的下三角洲平原及潮汐平原,高岭石含量急剧减少,伊利石含量逐渐增加。最为明显的是从滇东河流体系到黔西三角洲—潮坪体系之间高岭石含量骤然减少。     

黄土高原西部白草塬剖面L1和S1记录的古地磁场特征

文章详细介绍了黄土高原西部白草塬剖面L₁和S₁的高精度岩石磁学和古地磁学结果,讨论了白草塬剖面记录古地磁场的特征,从古地磁学角度探讨白草塬剖面黄土沉积的连续性。白草塬剖面黄土沉积物中,磁铁矿和磁赤铁矿是主要的亚铁磁性矿物,粗粒的碎屑磁铁矿是其天然剩磁和特征剩磁的主要载体。白草塬剖面L₁和S₁没有记录任何地磁漂移。其中,L₁没有记录MonoLake或Laschamp地磁漂移的原因可归结于黄土沉积物堆积过程的不连续性和/或粗颗粒载磁矿物的重磁化,但前者是主要原因,而堆积过程的不连续性是导致S₁没有记录Blake地磁漂移的主要原因。因此,白草塬剖面的L₁和S₁分别存在约2000年和4000～6000年的沉积不连续。     

陆相断陷盆地的构造层序地层分析

陆相盆地层序地层构型是构造运动、古气候、古湖平面变化与沉积物补给等动力学要素对沉积基准面控制的综合效应。其中,构造运动对盆地层序界面形成与层序内部充填起至关重要的作用。因此,陆相盆地层序地层研究须以构造层序地层为主线,即通过构造对层序形成与演化的控制分析解释层序地层构型,预测其内部充填特征。经研究,断陷盆地构造运动对层序地层的控制主要表现在:(1)断裂活动通过控制基底升降运动直接制约着盆地沉积物堆积的可容纳空间的变化及至层序地层构型;(2)构造转换带或调节带控制盆地主体物源补给方向和沉积体系分布;(3)断裂活动及其塑造的古地貌控制着沉积体系与砂体分布特征。     

Random Difference of the Trace Element Distribution in Skarn and Marbles from Shizishan Orefield,Anhui Province,China

Spatial distribution patterns of element concentrations can reflect the information of the mineralization processes. Both the Hurst exponent calculated by R/S analysis and the generalized fractal dimension calculated by using the multifractal model are important parameters for describing the spatial distribution of elements. Five long drill holes, named as M1, S1, S2,S3, and S4, have been selected in the Shizishan (狮子山) skarn orefield in Tongling (铜陵), Anhui (安徽) Province, China. Marbles are well developed around MI and skarn rocks are largely distributed along S1, S2, S3, and S4 drill holes. The drill holes were sampled evenly with an interval of 10 m and 16 trace elements have been measured. The mean of the △D(q) (the height of the generalized dimension spectrum) in the MI drill hole is the lowest. In addition, the mean of the Hurst exponents of the 16 elements in the MI drill hole is also much smaller than that of S1, S2, S3, S4 drill holes, which is in accordance with the analysis of the generalized dimension. It is indicated by the generalized dimension and Hurst exponent that the distribution of trace elements in the marbles is more random than that in the skarn. The result suggests that the mineralization process can change the randomness and persistence features of the element distribution.     

珠江三角洲地区服务业与城镇化协调关系的时空演变

在厘清服务业与城镇化的关系机理基础上,构建了服务业系统与城镇化系统综合发展评价指标体系,运用熵值法对1987~2015年珠三角城镇化与服务业发展综合水平进行测度,利用耦合协调度模型对两者协调关系的时空演变特征进行了分析。结果表明：① 时序演变上,珠三角服务业与城镇化综合发展水平保持持续稳定增长态势,两者协调度不断增强,2008年开始进入协调期。② 空间演变上,服务业与城镇化的协调度呈现以珠江口城市为核心,逐渐向外圈层递减的空间分布规律;空间差异较大且保持相对稳定状态。③ 珠三角服务业与城镇化空间协调关系演变总体可分为均衡发展、惯性发展、反转发展3种模式,由1987年的4种失调类型演变为2015年初级协调等4种类型。④ 从加强服务业专业化分工和提升服务业发展潜力、加快空间城镇化和社会城镇化的发展、缩小服务业与城镇化协调关系的空间差异等方面提出对策建议,以推动珠三角服务业与城镇化的协调度向更高级别方向发展。     

GPU ray casting method for visualizing 3D pipelines in a virtual globe

Pipelines are an important part of urban infrastructure development. As part of a virtual globe (VG), the high-efficiency and high-quality visualization of 3D large-scale and high-density urban pipelines is of great importance. This paper proposes a GPU-based pipeline ray casting method for the visualization of urban-scale pipelines in the framework of a VG. The method involves the initial partitioning of the pipeline data into tiles, based on the relationship between the pipeline layer scale and the discrete global grid system (DGGSs). The pipeline centerline in each tile is then segmented and encoded, and a coarser pipeline bounding volume is subsequently constructed using a geometry shader. Finally, the fine 3D pipeline is rendered using a pixel shader. The results of the experimental implementation of the proposed method show that it satisfies the requirements for the multiscale visualization of pipelines in a VG. Moreover, compared with the traditional polygon-based method, the method facilitates a 20% increase in rendering frame rate for the same pixel level accuracy display effect. It also enables the visualization of the thickness of the 3D pipeline without any obvious effect on the rendering efficiency.     

四元体系(LiCl + NaCl + Li2SO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O)在75℃等温蒸发相平衡实验与理论研究

梯度太阳能池技术在盐湖化工中是一种经济分离无机盐产品的方法,本文创新性的采用等温蒸发法,模拟四元体系(LiCl + NaCl + Li2SO4 + Na2SO4 + H2O)在75℃等温蒸发相平衡,指导太阳池深池积温分离提取锂盐产品。实验测定了溶解度和溶液密度、pH值等物化性质,并绘制了干盐相图、水图和物化性质组成图。在该四元体系干盐相图中包含3个四元共饱点,7条单变量蒸发曲线和5个结晶区,分别为NaCl,Na2SO4,复盐Li2SO4·Na2SO4,Li2SO4·H2O和LiCl·H2O。采用 Pitzer模型和改进的HMW公式,拟合出该四元体系在75℃时的Pitzer单盐参数、混合离子作用参数和平衡固相的热力学平衡常数,并计算给该四元体系的相图,计算相图和实验相图有较大区别。等温蒸发相图能真实的反应盐湖中盐类沉积规律,并对指导太阳池分离盐类具有重要指导意义。     

舟山近岸海域主要甲壳类的生态位及其与种间联结性

本文基于2015年11月（秋季）和2016年5月（春季）在舟山近岸海域开展80个站位的渔业资源调查所获得的甲壳类资料,将调查海域划分为10个区域,并随机分层抽样选取20个站位进行分析。运用生态位测定、典范对应分析（CCA）、方差比率（VR）、卡方检验、联结系数、种对共同出现百分比、点相关系数等方法进行研究。结果表明:研究海域主要甲壳动物共19种,其中优势种3种,重要种6种。通过生态位宽度聚类分析可将主要甲壳类划分成3类,包括广生态位种、中生态位种和狭生态位种。生态位重叠值区间为[0,0.96],表明物种对资源利用的相似性差异较大,部分甲壳动物存在资源利用性竞争。CCA排序显示,该海域甲壳类受环境因子中盐度、温度以及叶绿素a影响较大。VR值为4.40大于1,统计量W值为87.91超出置信区间（10.85,31.41）,得出甲壳类动物群落总体呈显著正相关,卡方检验显示有61个种对的联结性显著（x2 ≥ 3.841）,联结系数（AC）、共同出现百分比（PC）以及点相关系数（Ф）表明种间联结性较强,总体趋于正相关。     

The local properties of supernova explosions and their host galaxies

We aim to understand the properties at the locations of supernova(SN) explosions in their host galaxies and compare with the global properties of these host galaxies. We use the integral field spectrograph(IFS) of Mapping Nearby Galaxies at Apache Point Observatory(MaNGA) to generate 2 D maps of the parameter properties for 11 SN host galaxies. The sample galaxies are analyzed one by one in detail in terms of their properties of velocity field, star formation rate, oxygen abundance, stellar mass, etc.This sample of SN host galaxies has redshifts around z~0.03, which is higher than those of previous related works. The higher redshift distribution allows us to obtain the properties of more distant SN host galaxies. Metallicity(gas-phase oxygen abundance) estimated from integrated spectra can represent the local metallicity at SN explosion sites with small bias. All the host galaxies in our sample are metal-rich galaxies(12+log(O/H) 8.5) except for NGC 6387, which means SNe may be more inclined to explode in metallicity-rich galaxies. There is a positive relation between global gas-phase oxygen abundance and the stellar mass of host galaxies. We also try to compare the differences of the host galaxies between SNe Ia and SNe II. In our sample, both SNe Ia and SNe II can explode in normal galaxies, but SNe II can also explode in an interacting or a merging system, in which star formation is occurring in the galaxy.     

南海北部海面风速概率分布特征

利用南海北部的浮标、石油平台观测的海面风资料,分析了0~200 km范围内,不同离岸距离站点的风速的概率分布特征。观测结果指出,各站平均风速一般最大值出现在冬季,最小值出现在夏季,具有明显的季节变化特征,并且平均风速随着离岸距离的增大也逐渐增大。对于离岸距离较近的区域（100 km以内）,海面风基本符合双参数的Weibull分布,但对于100 km以外的海面风速概率分布与Weibull分布存在明显差异,随着离岸距离的增大,平均风速和风速标准偏差也相应增大。风速平均值与风速标准偏差的比值较小时,Weibull分布的偏斜度基本为正值,当比值较大时偏斜度转为负值。随着离岸距离的增大,出现与Weibull分布不一致的情况越来越多,且与对应的Weibull分布相比,其偏斜度越小,风速概率分布越不能用Weibull分布进行较好拟合。