南方红土的磁性矿物组成及其区域性差异

位于我国热带、亚热带地区的南方红土是我国分布最广的第四纪土状沉积,其经历了较强的化学风化作用,具有典型的磁性矿物组成.磁性矿物是沉积物的重要组成成分.磁性矿物的种类、粒度和含量等信息可以反映沉积物形成时的温度、降水等气候条件.因此,了解红土沉积物磁性矿物组成对于研究南方红土区的环境演化具有重要意义.本文综合分析了安徽室城、浙江长兴、江西九江及广西百色4个剖面不同层位红±样品的x-T曲线、三轴等温剩磁热退磁曲线等岩石磁学结果,发现南方红土的磁性矿物组成主要为磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿、赤铁矿及针铁矿,这些磁性矿物的相对含量不仅具有地带性差异,而且在不同风化阶段也存在差异.其中百色剖面顶部棕色土中磁赤铁矿含量相对其他剖面较高,与百色地区现今较强的风化作用相符.同一剖面内网纹红土中赤铁矿的含量较高,磁赤铁矿的含量相对较低,指示网纹化时期较强的成土作用引起磁赤铁矿向赤铁矿的转化.此外,岩石磁学结果显示百色剖面网纹红土及均质红土中含有一种特殊性质的磁性矿物,即粒度较细、解阻温度较低的成土成因赤铁矿,该矿物为后期强烈风化作用的产物.该次生矿物携带了较强的化学剩磁,引起了百色剖面初始碎屑剩磁的重磁化.该研究表明磁性矿物组成的差异还可以用来解释南方红土剩磁记录的多样性.     

深部过程中地幔流体现实微观踪迹的实验证据

伴随深部地质过程的地幔流体作用是引发地壳中成矿作用的重要物质源和动力源。由于地幔流体的超深源性及由此决定其性质和演化的复杂性,使人们很难具体捕捉其实际存在,或者多数情况下很难准确界定。通过岩相学、岩石化学、电子探针和扫描电镜及能谱分析的综合研究发现,地幔流体活动的现实微观踪迹和存在方式可以表现为富铁熔浆包体和富铁微晶玻璃,二者在透射偏光显微镜下无光性,呈黑色不透明状;反射偏光显微镜下不反光,但在电子显微镜下呈显微晶质结构,显示微晶金属和非金属矿物之间呈熔离交生,超微晶矿物组成以硅酸盐和石英为主,尤其是经过成分配比换算,得到碳硅石,含铬自然铁、钛铁矿、磷灰石和含钛镜铁矿等地幔标型矿物,反映了地幔流体的熔浆性质。捕捉和揭示深部地质过程中地幔流体作用的现实微观踪迹,对于深入分析和认识地壳地质作用的机制和成矿效应具有重要理论和现实意义。     

基于自动气象站业务软件的外挂软件开发

《地面气象测报业务系统软件》(2004)开发至2012年已经修改多次并不断地完善,但编报过程中各个要素之间的相关检查的辅助提示功能不够完善,目前也没有相应的足够完善的外挂提示软件的推广应用,导致一些最基础的要素之间的检查都需要人工判断,如果不细心很容易导致错误。针对这个情况,下面将介绍能够检查编报过程中各个要素的外挂软件的开发过程(OSSMO V3.019)。     

异常高压驱动石油运移成藏——鄂尔多斯盆地延长组多相态烃类沸腾包裹体证据

鄂尔多斯盆地上三叠统延长组裂隙充填的方解石脉中含有大量多相态烃类包裹体,包括固体沥青+液态油+气态烃3相包裹体、气/液比差别很大(最小仅为5%,最大超过70%)的液态油+气态烃二相包裹体以及纯液态油包裹体、盐水+液态油+气态烃3相包裹体等。岩相学观察表明,这些不同相态烃类包裹体是被同时捕获形成的共生不混溶包裹体,气/液比不同的烃类包裹体具有相近的均一温度,分布范围较小(74 ℃～117 ℃),综合分析认为它们是在沸腾状态下被同时捕获的。不同相态烃类包裹体显微傅里叶红外光谱和荧光光谱不同,表明其烃类成分的差异。油/源对比研究表明烃类包裹体与长8油层的原油均来源于长7烃源岩。结合盆地区域构造演化分析认为,延长组长7油层组厚层烃源岩层在埋藏热演化和油气形成过程中出现的过剩压力,在早白垩世油气形成高峰阶段达到顶峰,鄂尔多斯盆地在晚白垩世抬升和剥蚀产生的卸载作用导致延长组长7烃源岩层在超高压下破裂,其中积聚的石油因压力突降而沸腾并沿裂隙排出并运移进入特低渗致密砂岩储层成藏。     

2010年智利Ms8．8地震震相特征分析

对昆明地震台数字地震仪记录的2010年2月27日智利Ms8．8地震的震相进行分析,与格尔木、高台、呼和浩特、成都、银川、兰州、西妥等7个地震台记录进行对比,提出智利地震的记录特征、分析难点,并将JB表中Pdif波走时曲线的截止距离从150°延伸到177．8°。     

Surface-based Internal Multiple Elimination in the CMP Domain — Theory and Application Strategies on Land Seismic Data

The data-driven internal multiple elimination (IME) method based on feedback model, which includes CFP-based, surface-based and inversion- based methods, are successfully applied to marine datasets. However, these methods are computationally expensive and not always straightforward on land datasets. In this paper, we first proved that the surface-based IME method, which is the most computationally efficient method among the three methods, can be derived from the CFP theory. Then we extend it to CMP domain under the assumption of locally lateral invariance of the earth, which makes it more computationally efficient. In addition, we proposed applying a time-variant taper based on the first Fresnel zone to predict the multiples more percisely. Besides, the improved S/N ratio and dense offset distribution can be obtained by using the CMP supergather, which makes the CMP-oriented method more suitable for land data. Some practical processing strategies are proposed via case study. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated with the application to synthetic and field data.     

Advances in terrestrial system research in China

Land surface is of spatial-temporal heterogeneity. Terrestrial system (TS) comprehensively studies on land surface and physical regionalization objectively describes geographical zonation of the system. China has a vast area with apparent spatial variations in resources and environmental conditions, which highly influence on socio-economic development. In this paper, progress of the TS studies in China is overviewed and research priorities in the near future are prospected. Since the 1950s, China has paid great attention to the TS study as its socio-economic development, and conducted research on physical geographical regionalization, eco-geographical regionalization and comprehensive regionalization. Along with the deepening of global change research, dynamics of TS have been highly concerned. During the studies, methodology has been developed from qualitative research of integration of experts’ brainpower gradually to quantitative research based on field observation and experiments of the natural processes, including physical, chemical and biological processes, as well as application of information technology and mathematical simulation. In the near future, TS would combine with the ideology, objectives and key researches of Future Earth program, to focus on the mechanism and regional effects of interaction among land surface elements, the response of TS to global change, the quantitative recognition on regional unit boundary, and the application to TS in sustainable socio-economic development.     

渭河盆地深部构造活动的地裂缝孕育机理

渭河盆地是我国乃至世界上地裂缝最发育、灾害最严重的地区。基于渭河盆地深部构造模式,采用有限元数值分析方法,分析了上地幔上隆、中地壳流展和上地壳拉张3种深部构造作用下盆地浅表岩土介质的应力和变形响应特征,从而揭示了渭河盆地深部构造活动与该区域地裂缝群发之间的孕育关系。结果表明：上地幔的隆起和中地壳侧向流展形成了浅部拉张应力环境,这种效应与盆地周边块体运动形成的伸展引张构造应力场叠加,再附加断裂伸展倾滑形成的局部拉伸应力场构成了地裂缝形成的主要动力来源。     

大巴山城口弧形断裂带右旋走滑构造特征及其意义

大巴山弧形构造带是几何学上对称平顶型、内部形迹削截的弧凸结构带,区域走向总体呈北西向延伸,其主边界城口断裂由北向南发生偏转（由近南北向→北西向→近东西向）,内部构造形迹与边界断裂呈明显削截和交切关系,弧形带凸顶方向与构造带南西向逆冲推覆极性一致。基于野外构造解析和15个样品的显微构造分析,对城口弧形断裂带右旋逆冲走滑构造特征和变形-变质特点及其沿走向的变化进行研究。宏观上,城口断裂带体现出早期近东西走向线理和平行于主断裂带弧形展布的后期线理两期世代和序列性,同时展现出强烈右旋走滑剪切变形特征,且走滑剪切变形强度由北西向南东减弱。微观构造上,断裂带构造岩普遍发生弱-中等强度变质,北段以中-高绿片岩相为主,右旋逆冲走滑剪切指向运动学标志体发育、变形强烈。断裂带南段以低绿片岩相为主,右旋走滑逆冲剪切指向运动学标志体相对稀疏、变形微弱。城口断裂带宏观与微观特征表明变质和（右旋走滑剪切）变形强度总体上由北西向南东逐渐减弱,呈非对称性。构造运动学上的非对称性和强烈右旋走滑剪切运动特征主要取决于印支期以来华南和华北板块汇聚过程中（尤其是燕山期）汉南能干性基底由南向北的强烈楔入作用。