合肥盆地东缘北西向断裂活动性

对合肥盆地东缘基岩区的NW向断层剖面进行了观察和年代样品测试,并跨其中1条断层布设了浅层地震勘探测线;结合本区第四系厚度和沉积特征,对浅震测线时间剖面进行了地质解释。根据调查所揭示的剖面特征、断层泥ESR测年数据、浅层地震勘探结果及本区的中强地震活动构造背景,认为这组NW向断裂中更新世有过活动;合肥盆地东缘NW向横向断裂的第四纪活动情况与断裂所在地区的新构造环境有关,尽管断层泥测年结果表明断裂在中更新世有过活动,但其活动强度不大。     

Embodied carbon emissions in China-US trade

China-US trade holds great significance for the world's political and economic landscape. Since 2018, the US government has imposed additional tariffs on Chinese exports on the grounds of the US trade deficit with China. However, the transfer of pollutants embodied in trade and the differences in environmental costs between China and the US have not been widely recognized. In this study, we quantify the embodied carbon emissions(the "virtual" emissions associated with trade and consumption) in China-US trade by constructing a carbon dioxide emissions inventory and a multiregional input-output model.The study shows that the US benefits from a trade surplus of environmental costs by importing energy-intensive and pollutionintensive products from China, which increases China's environmental pollution and abatement costs. In 2017, 288 Mt CO_2 emissions were associated with products produced in China but finally consumed in the US, and only 46 Mt CO_2 were associated with the US products that were consumed in China. From this perspective, China-US trade results in a net transfer of 242 Mt CO_2 per year from the US to China, accounting for approximately 5% of the total CO_2 emissions in the US. More importantly, for Chinese products exported to the US, the carbon emissions embodied in one unit of economic value amount to 0.92 kg/$(RMB:USD=6.8:1), but for US products exported to China, the carbon emissions embodied in one unit of economic value amount to 0.53 kg/$, which means China will incur environmental costs that are 74% higher than those of the US while enjoying the same economic benefits. This environmental trade deficit has burdened China with higher environmental costs than economic benefits.To address this environmental trade deficit, China should actively promote further industrial upgrading and energy structure adjustment and increase investment in innovation and RD, thereby increasing the value added per unit of export products and reducing the environmental cost of producing export products.     

湖北银洞沟银矿床地质特征与成因类型

湖北银洞沟矿床是中国为数不多的较为典型的大型银矿床。文中系统总结了该矿床的地质特征,初步提出了矿床的成因类型。研究结果表明:银洞沟矿床产于秦岭造山带东南部武当群变质火山岩中,矿体受韧性剪切带控制,矿石类型主要为石英脉型和少量蚀变岩型,围岩蚀变矿物组合主要为石英、铁白云石、白云母、钠长石、绿泥石、黄铁矿等,成矿流体特征为低盐度、低密度、富含CO2±CH4±N2的水溶液,矿床上部为低品位银金矿体,中部为高品位银金矿体和少量铅锌矿体,深部银品位降低,金品位增高,同时出现较厚大铅锌矿体。其地质特征与典型的造山型矿床一致,表明其为一造山型银矿床,矿床矿化分带符合造山型矿床成矿模式——地壳连续模型,因此应该充分重视寻找矿山深部金、铅、锌、铜、钼等接替资源。     

黑龙江张家湾岩体锆石U-Pb年龄与地球化学及其地质意义

通过对兴蒙造山带东段小兴安岭-张广才岭地区张家湾岩体石英闪长岩、正长花岗岩进行的锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分析测试、岩石地球化学的各项分析测试,综合分析研究表明,石英闪长岩形成于早侏罗世(176.2±1.8Ma),具浆混花岗岩特点,属壳幔混合成因;正长花岗岩形成于中侏罗世(166±2.2Ma),具"S"型花岗岩的地球化学属性,属壳源熔融成因。结合该区大地构造背景,认为张家湾岩体很可能是环太平洋增生地体的佳木斯板块与西侧的张广才岭地块碰撞造山作用形成。     

Stochastic finite-fault ground motion simulation for the Mw 6.7 earthquake in Lushan,China

Natural Hazards - The Ya’an, Sichuan Mw 6.7 earthquake occurred on April 20, 2013. In this article, the stochastic finite-fault method (EXSIM) based on dynamic corner frequency, proposed by...     

多年冻土南界附近青藏铁路路基下的冻土退化

基于2006-2012年青藏铁路多年冻土区唐古拉山南侧安多断面地温监测资料,分析了多年冻土南界附近路基下多年冻土的退化过程及其影响因素.结果表明：该监测断面天然场地多年冻土退化表现为多年冻土天然上限下降与多年冻土地温升高,观测期内多年冻土天然上限下降0.29 m,下降速率为4 cm·a^-1;路基下10 m处多年冻土温度升高0.03℃,升温速率为0.004℃·a^-1.该监测断面路基左路肩下多年冻土退化表现为多年冻土人为上限下降、多年冻土地温升高、多年冻土下限抬升以及多年冻土厚度减少.观测期内多年冻土人为上限下降0.41 m,下降速率为6 cm·a^-1;路基下10 m处多年冻土地温升高0.06℃,升温速率为0.009℃·a^-1;多年冻土下限抬升0.50 m,抬升速率为7 cm·a^-1;多年冻土厚度减少0.90 m,减少速率为13 cm·a^-1.工程作用是导致路基下多年冻土退化的主要原因,气温升温与局地因素中的冻结层上水发育促进了这一退化过程.路基下融化夹层的出现,导致多年冻土垂向上由衔接型变为不衔接型.     

河南卢氏盆地黄村断裂土壤氡气测量及断裂活动性分析

本文是为了确定在卢氏盆地内被第四系覆盖的黄村断裂的位置、断裂性质,分析黄村断裂与其北侧的乔家窑地热异常的关系。断裂构造是深部氡气汇集和迁移的主要通道,氡气沿断裂向上迁移,在地表浅部形成氡异常。土壤氡气异常可揭示隐伏断裂构造的位置、产状和活动性。黄村断裂通过卢氏乔家窑一带,为第四系沉积物所覆盖。沿垂直断裂走向方向布置4条测线。应用瞬时土壤测氡仪进行了野外现场测量,测试了土壤氡气浓度,确定土壤氡气异常,分析黄村断裂位置、产状和活动性。结果表明：黄村断裂带上方土壤氡气具有异常显示,异常位置与断层位置具有较好的一致性。沿QJ12测线,从南向北,土壤氡气异常形态为低-高-较高-较低-低的峰值形态。在断层带上方氡气峰值异常高于背景值的1.5倍以上,异常峰多数为2个测点以上组成。土壤氡气变化特征表明黄村断裂具有较强的活动性。利用土壤氡气异常分析了黄村断裂深部结构特征,给出了主断裂面与次级断裂面产状和位置。结合土壤氡气异常,分析了乔家地热形成机理。初步研究结果表明,豫西基底构造具有多期活动性,活化区域内的压扭性断裂,可转变为局部张性断裂,控制水热、成矿物质的迁移和富集。     

玻镁安山岩中辉石枝晶的形貌与晶体生长方式

川西乡城地区的玻镁安山岩基质中辉石微晶具有奇特的枝晶形貌。通过高倍率光学显微镜和扫描电镜观察,较详细地分析了辉石枝晶的形貌细节。辉石枝晶一般发育三级分枝,各分枝间以近于90°和110°交角沿单斜辉石结晶学主轴方位优先生长,各级分校具有整体一致的光学性质,如同单个晶体。玻镁安山岩浆流动性大,呈薄层状。快速冷凝作用和强的结晶能力是辉石枝晶发育的前提条件。初步探讨了在远离平衡态结晶时,辉石枝晶生长方式和界面稳定性对晶体形貌的控制作用。     

热带大气季节内振荡对华南前汛期降水的影响

本文基于实时的热带大气季节内振荡(MJO)指数和中国台站降水资料,研究了MJO对中国华南前汛期(4～6月)降水的影响.结果表明,随着MJO的活跃中心从印度洋进入西太平洋,华南地区的降水由偏多转为偏少.最显著的降水正负异常分别位于第4位相和第7位相,其区域平均的最大正负异常值相对于气候平均值的变化约为17%和11%.与降...