基于火山岩氧化系数分布特征的火山喷发环境判识——以三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷牛圈湖-牛东构造带上石炭统为例

受火山喷发沉积环境(陆上或水下)及岩浆酸度等因素的影响,火山喷发物的地球化学特征有很大差异,准确判识火山喷发环境是火山岩油气储层性质评价的重要地质依据。本文基于三塘湖盆地马朗凹陷牛圈湖-牛东构造带上石炭统58件火山岩样品主量元素地球化学数据,采用Fe₂O₃与FeO比值作为氧化系数,利用数理统计方法投点,根据上石炭统哈尔加乌组和卡拉岗组火山岩氧化系数分布特征判识其喷发沉积环境。统计结果表明,卡拉岗组34件样品氧化系数介于0.55～5.00,数值主要分布于1.0～3.0,说明火山喷发沉积环境复杂,非单纯的氧化环境;从部分单井垂向分布来看,氧化系数具有随埋深由深至浅呈明显增大的趋势,表示由弱还原环境逐渐向强氧化环境过渡。哈尔加乌组24件岩芯样品氧化系数介于0.25～0.94,数值主要集中于0.2～0.4,表明火山喷发沉积于贫氧的还原环境;从单井垂向分布来看,氧化系数受埋深影响极小,表示火山喷发沉积受水动力条件境影响小,沉积环境具有一定的水体深度。研究调研筛选了国内10个不同盆地108件火山岩样品数据资料,并充分考虑酸度对火山岩氧化系数的影响,建立了...     

Mercury contamination and its potential health effects in a lead-zinc mining area in the karst region of Guangxi, China

Mercury contamination of the environment is of worldwide concern because of its global presence and its potent neurotoxicity. Mining, smelting and the electronics industry are the main sources of Hg pollution. However, few studies have been performed to investigate systemic Hg contamination in metal mining regions. In this study, concentrations of Hg in air, farmland soil, and crops were measured in a Pb-Zn mining area in the karst region of Guangxi, China. Key factors that could affect Hg distribution, such as the fate of waste ore and waste residue, were analyzed. Geo-statistical methods were adopted to analyze the characteristics of spatial structure and distribution of Hg. The results show that Hg contamination in this region is serious. The total mercury (T-Hg) content is far higher than the Level II Limit Value of Chinese Soil Standards of 0.30 mg kg⁻¹, showing obvious directional characteristics from WNW to ESE. Highest Hg concentrations were found in the WNW portion of the study area. The contamination of paddy soil is higher than that in dry farmland soil. The vertical distribution of T-Hg and its decrease with depth suggest that the important sources are waste water irrigation and the improper disposal of the waste ore and waste rock. The T-Hg concentrations in the agricultural products examined exceed the Chinese tolerance value (0.02 mg kg⁻¹ for rice and 0.01 mg kg⁻¹ for vegetables), indicating the seriousness of the problem. The ecological environment and the safety of food grown in this mining area are being affected, with the result that human health is possibly being affected.     

论西天山乌拉斯泰地区的构造演化

通过对乌拉斯泰地区的沉积相、侵入岩及火山岩的构造环境分析,结合前人成果认为,该地区经历了古准噶尔洋的形成和发展、乌拉斯泰泥盆纪裂陷槽的形成和发展、晚古北天山有限洋(陆表海)的形成和发展以及陆内造山及隆升4个阶段,乌拉斯泰泥盆纪裂陷槽的确立,修正了西天山造山带的构造区划及演化史。     

藏北羌塘中部冈玛日——桃形错蓝片岩的发现

位于藏北羌塘中部的冈玛日-桃形错地区首次发现含典型蓝闪石的蓝片岩。蓝片岩是由蓝闪石、铁蓝闪石、青铝闪石、多硅白云母、阳起石、黝帘石、绿帘石、方解石、榍石、金红石等矿物组成,变质温压条件为400℃±和7kbar±,属于高压变质作用。这是一条高压变质带,推测它可能向东与滇西的澜沧江高压变质带相连。冈玛日-桃形错地区含典型蓝闪石的蓝片岩的发现对羌塘陆块的重新认识以及冈瓦纳大陆与劳亚大陆的板块边界及晚古生代古特提斯洋的闭合,具有重要的大地构造意义。     

塔里木盆地巴楚隆起断裂差异活动特征及成因演化

巴楚隆起是塔里木盆地重要的含油气构造单元,因其断裂构造特征与演化异常复杂,严重制约了对该地区构造特征及演化的认识和油气勘探工作。本文通过对地震资料精细构造解释,并结合塔里木盆地构造演化背景及最新的钻井、露头等资料,阐明了巴楚隆起断裂活动具有明显的分期差异性和分区、分带、分段及分层差异性。巴楚隆起断裂构造主要经历了4期差异活动,即加里东早期发育张扭性断裂、海西晚期断裂挤压反转、喜马拉雅山中期断裂强烈压扭逆冲与分区差异变形、喜马拉雅山晚期西南缘断裂带分段分层差异改造与叠加。断裂演化主要受控于加里东早期、海西晚期和喜马拉雅山中-晚期构造运动及对应时期塔里木古陆周缘洋盆开合与造山作用,喜马拉雅山中期是巴楚隆起断裂活动关键期,因受西昆仑和西南天山强烈挤压,隆起西段发生“屈服型”冲断隆升与走滑旋转,东段相应发生“受限型”弧形逆冲与向南掀斜,喜马拉雅山晚期断裂主要活动表现在隆起西北缘和西南缘,特别在西南缘断裂带发生了强烈的分段、分层差异叠加改造,其成因与西昆仑强烈隆升和向北挤压密切相关。     

2003年6月5日青岛崂山4.1级震群概述

2003年6月5日青岛崂山区发生4．1级震群。这次震群是青岛历史上少有的，青岛市普遍有感，造成了一定的社会影响。文章从地震影响、地质构造、历史及现代地震、序列特点及性质判定、地震应急等方面概述了本次震群。     

乌干达K油田扇三角洲沉积正演模拟与应用

乌干达K油田位于Albert盆地,由于钻井数较少,地震资料品质差,沉积储层空间分布预测存在严峻挑战.根据岩心、测井、古生物、重矿物、粒度分析等资料综合分析后认为,乌干达K油田属滨浅湖环境,发育受边界断层控制的近源扇三角洲沉积,物源方向位于油田东南部,以低能长期的水下分流河道牵引流搬运为主.在沉积主控因素定量分析的基础上,将可容纳空间变化、物源供应及沉积物搬运等参数定量表征,并在年代地层框架约束下,通过正演模拟,再现地质历史时期地层沉积演化过程,建立了三维储层砂岩分布概率模型,进一步认识了研究区各层砂体的空间分布特征.将沉积演化模拟的砂岩分布结果转化为三维地质建模的定量控制条件,对沉积相模型进行约束,建立了更符合沉积认识的高精度相控地质模型,实现了扇三角洲储层砂体定量预测与表征.     

Coseismic effects of water temperature based on digital observation from Tayuan well, Beijing

On the basis of digital records from Tayuan well,we study coseismic effects of water temperature caused by re-mote earthquakes.The records show that the water temperature changes are consistently following the process ofdrop-rise-recovery regardless of focal mechanism or epicentral directions.The step amplitude of water temperatureincreases with the increase of earthquake magnitude,and decreases with the decrease of epicentral distances.Theyhave rather well correlation.Water temperature rising after earthquake is influenced by water level variations.Fi-nally,the mechanisms of coseismic effects of water temperature have been discussed.Preliminary study shows thataccelerated convection and mixing of different temperature water in virtue of seismic wave are the main causes ofwater temperature drops.Seismic wave accelerates water convection,which causes warm water to move up fromdeeper part of the well and cold water to go down from the upper part.Temperature probe will detect water tem-perature drops at early stage.After the occurrence of earthquake,as the fluctuation of water level gradually quietsdown,water temperature near the probe begins to rise.     

重复剪切作用下泥质充填结构面剪切力学特性试验研究

结构面的力学特性直接关系工程岩体的变形稳定,而充填物对结构面的力学特性存在较大的影响.为了准确地量化充填前后结构面剪切性能的变化,以三峡库区典型库岸边坡节理岩体为研究对象,采用劈裂法制备了人工节理,按照充填度100％进行考虑,设计进行了充填前、后结构面的重复剪切试验.结果表明:(1)基于重复剪切过程中结构面抗剪性能劣化...     

MZ150型锚杆钻机的工业性试验

ＭＺ－１５０型锚杆钻机是针对我国锚杆施工市场需求而设计的一种小型全液压钻机。通过长螺旋钻进,冲击挤密钻进及风动冲击回转钻进３种钻进工艺方法的工业性试验证明,其各项技术参数达到了设计要求,完全适合于我国锚固工程施工要求。