Research on the effect estimation of seismic safety evaluation

IntroductionItisdefinitelystipulatedintheLawofthePeople'sRepublicofChinaonProtectingagainstandMitigatingEarthquakeDisastersthattheseismicsafetyevaluationmustbemadeformajorprojects(includinglifelineprojects)and,accordingtotheresultsobtained,theseismicresistancerequirementsshouldbedetermined.Thenecessityofseismicsafetyevaluationhasbeenrecog-nizedgradually,butthetopicontheeffectofsafetyevaluationhasnotbeenreferredmuch.Gener-allyspeaking,althoughmostpeopleapprovethesocialeffectofsafetyevaluatio…     

Probability-consistent spectrum and code spectrum

IntroductionInChina,thecombinationofseismicdesigncodewithzoningmapofseismicintensityorgroundmotionparametersisusuallyadoptedtodeterminetheseismicfortificationcriterionforthegeneralindustryandcivilbuildings.Thepresentproceduresareasfollows.Accordingtothepro-jectlocation,thedesignbasicaccelerationofgroundmotionandthedesigncharacteristicperiodofresponsespectrumareobtainedfromthezoningmapofseismicgroundmotionparameters(GeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantineofthePeople…     

3-D finite element modeling for evolution of stress field and interaction among strong earthquakes in Sichuan-Yunnan region

Introduction Sichuan-Yunnan region is a major area with frequent strong earthquakes in Chinese mainland, especially the middle-southern segment of South-North Seismic Zone, where many strong earth-quakes occurred in history. In the past 30 years, Sichuan-Yunnan region has two seismically active periods: one is from Tonghai earthquake in 1970 to Longling-Songpan earthquake in 1976, the other is from Lancang earthquake in 1988 to now. During this two periods, the M=7.7 Tonghai, M=7.1 Dagua…     

Developments of borehole strain observa- tion outside China

Introduction The Earth′s crust deforms in the regional tectonic stress field. Borehole strain observation isone important means for studies on the crustal deformation and the stress field. QIU and ZHANG(2002) have introduced the current situation of borehole strain observation in China. OutsideChina, early in September of 1968, Sacks of Carnegie Institution of Washington and Evertson ofUniversity of Texas firstly invented a borehole dilatometer in the world (Sacks, Evertson, 197…     

Determination of paleo-pressure for a natural gas pool formation based on PVT characteristics of fluid inclusions in reservoir rocks——A case study of Upper-Paleozoic deep basin gas trap of the Ordos Basin

~~Determination of paleo-pressure for a natural gas pool formation based on PVT characteristics of fluid inclusions in reservoir rocks——A case study of Upper-Paleozoic deep basin gas trap of the Ordos Basin~~     

黔西南及邻区中-晚三叠世层序地层格架

在研究了黔西南及邻区中—晚三叠世地层的层序界面特征、地层结构和堆叠型式之后 ,将其划分为 5个沉积层序 ,并描述了层序内各体系域的特点 ,在此基础上 ,通过综合研究已取得的生物地层资料 ,将其与Haq等列出的三叠纪生物地层时带进行对比 ,初步标定了各沉积层序及体系域的界面年龄 (层序 1底界年龄 2 39.4Ma;层序 2底界年龄 2 38Ma;层序 3底界年龄 2 33Ma;层序 4底界年龄 2 2 7Ma,顶界年龄 2 2 3Ma) ,从而建立了本区分辨率较高的中—晚三叠世地层格架。格架中层序地层的组合样式 ,在 2级海平面缓慢下降的背景下 ,受盆地构造沉降的影响较大。当层序处于构造沉降的加速期时 ,呈退积型组合方式 (如层序 1和层序 3) ;而当层序处于构造沉降的平缓期时 ,则呈进积型组合方式 (如层序 2和层序 4 )。     

西昆仑康西瓦加里东期孔兹岩系及地质意义

在青藏高原西昆仑地体南部的元古宙片麻岩穹窿南侧 ,发育一条近 EW向规模巨大的康西瓦韧性走滑剪切带 ,韧性剪切带岩石由 7km宽的糜棱岩化的孔兹岩系组成 ,孔兹岩原岩为富铝质泥质沉积岩夹火山岩及大理岩。孔兹岩系的 MORB标准化微量元素蛛网图显示了其为富铝泥质沉积岩 ,具有明显的 Th正异常及 Ce、Zr等大离子的正异常 ,而变质火山岩中出现 Nb、Zr正异常 ;稀土元素含量展示上述两类岩石均具轻稀土相对富集、重稀土相对亏损及 Eu中度亏损的特性。康西瓦孔兹岩形成的温度为 70 0℃ ,压力 6 .8GPa。锆石 SHRIMP同位素年代测试表明 ,孔兹岩的碎屑锆石来源于 6 4 4～ 873Ma或更老的周缘古老变质基底剥蚀区 ,孔兹岩形成于加里东期(42 8～ 4 4 5 Ma) ,并遭受印支期 (2 5 0～ 2 10 Ma)强烈的剪切应变。康西瓦孔兹岩的原岩、微量元素与稀土元素特征、形成的温 -压条件以及生成时代等与南阿尔金孔兹岩系可以类比 ,表明西昆仑地体与阿尔金地体可能原为同一地体。中国已发现的孔兹岩系绝大部分为太古宙及元古宙的产物 ,西昆仑与阿尔金加里东期孔兹岩的发现不仅显示了加里东造山带山根的存在 ,而且提出沿阿尔金断裂系左行平移 6 0 0 km的新证据。     

TRMM卫星微波成像仪分级产品及其反演降水算法

文章叙述了获取定量降水信息的意义，简要介绍了对热带测雨卫星TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission)的仪器、美国国家宇航局提供的微波成像仪TMI(TRMM Microwave Imager)分级产品。对比了物理方法和经验方法反演降水的特点，并对一些经验方法以及倾斜对流系统对反演降水的影响、动态聚类分析、神经网络反演方法的研究成果进行了介绍。     

A Review of Research on Human Activity Induced Climate ChangeⅠ. Greenhouse Gases and Aerosols

Extensive research on the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, carbon cycle modeling, and the characterization of atmospheric aerosols has been carried out in China during the last 10 years or so. This paper presents the major achievements in the fields of emissions of greenhouse gases from agricultural lands, carbon cycle modeling, the characterization of Asian mineral dust, source identification of the precursors of the tropospheric ozone, and observations of the concentrations of atmospheric organic compounds. Special, more detailed Information on the emissions of methane from rice fields and the physical and chemical characteristics of mineral aerosols are presented.     

一次龙卷过程的多普勒天气雷达和闪电定位资料分析

利用WSR-98D多普勒天气雷达和闪电定位资料分析了2003年7月8日发生在安徽省无为县境内的一次龙卷过程。此次龙卷产生于低空急流左侧，动力、热力条件均为较有利的大尺度环境，多普勒雷达回波分析发现，龙卷起源于中高层向低层发展的中-γ尺度气旋中。闪电定位资料分析表明，龙卷发生前10min闪电活动开始频繁。龙卷出现后负地闪明显加大，且龙卷闪电存在于雷暴的发展后期、成熟和消亡阶段。此次龙卷的一些基本特征与通常结论有所不同，(1)雷达反射率因子小于通常结论；(2)龙卷风暴发展高度不是很高，回波顶高仅6～9km，类似于普通雷暴；(3)闪电活动中以负地闪为主，正地闪较少，并未出现正地闪一度占主导地位的现象。