西藏古堆—隆子地区Sb,Pb,Zn化探元素的分形研究及其地质意义

文章根据西藏古堆—隆子地区Sb,Pb,Zn化探元素品位分析结果,结合区域地质资料,基于分形几何学的理论基础,对研究区Sb,Pb,Zn的分布规律进行了定量研究。结果表明,4个研究区Sb,Pb都具有多重分维的性质,且与矿化有关的分维值D2ⅡD2Ⅲ,同一研究区同一元素的各组分维值差距较大,Ⅲ区和Ⅳ区的Zn只有一个维数值,说明典型矿床发育的地区成矿元素具有多重的分维结构和低分维值D2,基于此理论成功验证了恰嘎研究区具有寻找锑矿前景。通过研究Sb,Pb,Zn的分形特征,揭示出化探元素的分维结构和分维值的大小与矿化程度有关,并为找矿勘查工作提供一定的地质依据。     

Pleiades卫星图像正射纠正方法

Pleiades卫星图像是一种应用时间尚短的新型遥感图像,目前还缺少对其专用的正射纠正处理方法。为此,以湖北省大冶—阳新地区的6景Pleiades图像为例,在Visual Studio 2008环境下,采用C#语言开发了针对Pleiades图像有理多项式系数(rational polynomial coefficients,RPC)文件格式的转换软件包,用于将Pleiades图像的RPC文件格式转换为IKONOS图像的RPC文件格式,并采用ERDAS9.2中的IKONOS图像的正射纠正模型对其进行纠正。该方法解决了对Pleiades图像进行正射纠正所需要解决的相关问题,开发的RPC文件转换程序可以用于批量的Pleiades卫星RPC文件格式转换,提高了转换效率和准确性,为大规模应用Pleiades图像奠定了基础。     

基于环境参数的极端暴雨指数构建及其应用

采用百分位法和1981—2010年30年逐年日降水量资料,设置了河南省极端暴雨阈值和区域极端暴雨标准,据此选取1981—2016年河南省极端暴雨个例13例,使用欧洲中期天气预报中心1°×1°再分析资料(ERA-Interim)对其环境参数进行分析,发现:表征大气水汽、动力及不稳定条件的环境参数,如850 hPa比湿和涡度、700 hPa垂直速度和V风分量,200 hPa散度、整层可降水量、K指数、0～3 km垂直风切变等,在极端暴雨过程中的平均值远远偏离其气候平均值,上述环境参数对极端暴雨预报有指示意义;环境参数的标准差倍数与降雨量具有较好相关性,二者的分位值基本沿y=x的对角线分布,环境参数标准差倍数分位值≥80%时,对异常降水(降水分位≥90%)有明显正相关;而环境参数标准差倍数分位较低时(40%),则更多对应了小量级降水。单一环境参数的异常往往不能体现降水异常程度,基于对极端暴雨有明确指示意义的8个环境参数,组建了极端暴雨指数(ERI),经13例极端暴雨个例回代和预报效果评估,ERI≥0.7时,极端暴雨TS评分达35%,漏报率为27%,空报率为49%,可将其作为极端暴雨预报的参考阈值。2018年"温比亚"台风极端暴雨过程中应用表明,该指数对极端暴雨落区预报有较好参考意义。     

人工增雨防雹火箭弹道跟踪系统的研制及初步试验

由于受到高空风场的影响,人工增雨防雹火箭真实的弹道轨迹和射程与理论弹道值具有不一致性。为增强实施增雨防雹作业的科学性、精准性及其作业效果评估准确性,研制了一套人工增雨防雹火箭播撒作业跟踪系统。该系统分为火箭定位系统和数据传输系统两部分,利用卫星定位模块加上数据传输电台模式将火箭飞行轨迹实时传输至地面。并开展了一次人工增雨防雹火箭弹道跟踪实弹发射试验,发射两发人工增雨防雹测试火箭,除初始阶段4～5 s卫星定位失锁而没有数据外,其余时间所有数据均接收完整。结合高空风场数据对人工增雨防雹测试火箭进行风偏修正后的实际弹道更接近于理论弹道,风偏修正意义明显,有利于增雨防雹火箭精准作业。     

Statistical and Comparative Analysis of Tropical Cyclone Activity over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (1977–2018)

A statistical comparative analysis of tropical cyclone activity over the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (BoB) has been conducted using best-track data and wind radii information from 1977 to 2018 issued by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Results have shown that the annual variation in the frequency and duration of tropical cyclones has a significant increasing trend over the Arabian Sea and an insignificant decreasing trend over the BoB. The monthly frequency of tropical cyclones in both the Arabian Sea and the BoB shows a notable bimodal character, with peaks occurring in May and October–November, respectively. The maximum frequency of tropical cyclones occurs in the second peak as a result of the higher moisture content at mid-levels in the autumn. However, the largest proportion of strong cyclones (H1–H5 grades) occurs in the first peak as a result of the higher sea surface temperatures in early summer. Tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea break out later during the first peak and activity ends earlier during the second peak, in contrast with those in the over BoB. This is related to the onset and drawback times of the southwest monsoon in the two basins. Tropical cyclones in the Arabian Sea are mainly generated in the eastern basin, whereas in the BoB the genesis locations have a meridional (zonal) distribution in May–June (October–November) as a result of the seasonal movement of the low-level positive vorticity belt. The Arabian Sea is dominated by western and northwestern tropical cyclones by that track west and NW, accounting for about 74.6%, whereas the tropical cyclones with a NE track account for only 25.4%. The proportions of the three types of tracks are similar in the BoB, with each accounting for about 33% of the tropical cyclones. The mean intensity and size of tropical cyclones over the Arabian Sea are stronger and larger, respectively, than those over the BoB and the size of tropical cyclones over the North Indian Ocean in early summer is larger than that in autumn. The asymmetrical structure of tropical cyclones over North Indian Ocean is affected by the topography and the longest radius of the 34 kt surface wind often lies in the eastern quadrant of the tropical cyclone circulation in both sea areas. FAN Xiao-ting (樊晓婷), LI Ying (李 英), et al.     

小洋山岛大气气溶胶光学厚度的特征分析

小洋山岛位于上海东南面距海岸线约30km处,四面环海,研究其上空的大气气溶胶光学特性对了解我国东部沿海地区及其近海海域的环境和气候影响等都具有重要的意义。对于近岸海岛的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)观测,至今国内尚未见这方面的实测资料与分析。本次实验利用2006～2007年连续观测得到的AOD值,分析了AOD的季节变化及其与地面风向、湿度和能见度等气象要素的关系,并给出了气溶胶消光谱。分析发现:小洋山地区AOD具有春季最大,冬季次之,秋季较小的特点,而且在低能见度情况下,气溶胶以大粒子为主;盛行西风时,AOD值增大且大粒子比重增加;AOD与湿度有较好的正相关关系。     

Impacts of Future NOx and CO Emissions on Regional Chemistry and Climate over Eastern China

A coupled chemical/dynamical model (SOCOL-SOlar Climate Ozone Links) is applied to study the impacts of future enhanced CO and NOx emissions over eastern China on regional chemistry and climate. The result shows that the increase of CO and NOx emissions has significant effects on regional chemistry, including NOx, CO, O₃, and OH concentrations. During winter, the CO concentration is uniformly increased in the northern hemisphere by about 10 ppbv. During summer, the increase of CO has a regional distribution. The change in O₃, concentrations near eastern China has both strong seasonal and spatial variations. During winter, the surface O₃, concentrations decrease by about 2 ppbv, while during summer they increase by about 2 ppbv in eastern China. The changes of CO, NOx, and O₃, induce important impacts on OH concentrations. The changes in chemistry, especially O₃, induce important effects on regional climate. The analysis suggests that during winter, the surface temperature decreases and air pressure increases in central-eastern China. The changes of temperature and pressure produce decreases in vertical velocity. We should mention that the model resolution is coarse, and the calculated concentrations are generally underestimated when they are compared to measured results. However, because this model is a coupled dynamical/chemical model, it can provide some useful insights regarding the climate impacts due to changes in air pollutant emissions.     

湖南铲子坪金矿床地质特征及成因

湖南铲子坪金矿床位于雪峰弧形构造带西南段,是雪峰-金山巨型弧形推覆剪切金锑钨成矿带的重要组成部分,形成于碰撞或后碰撞地质背景下的走滑和逆冲构造事件中。文章通过总结前人系统的硫、铅、氧、氢同位素地球化学特征及成矿时代的研究,并进行了成矿流体特征的研究,在此基础上探讨了铲子坪金矿的成矿物质来源。研究结果显示,铲子坪金矿床矿石略富轻硫,具典型的岩浆硫+变质岩混合硫源特征,铅为壳幔混合铅,主要来自造山带。成矿期流体包裹体均一温度范围主要为140~220℃和260~300℃,盐度w(NaCleq.)范围主要为4%~10%和20%~24%,具有两个阶段成矿的特征,成矿流体为中低温、中低盐度、H2O-CO2-NaCl流体体系,存在流体沸腾现象,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水,同时有大气降水的加入。成矿物质和成矿流体的来源为地层变质岩叠加印支期的岩浆作用。通过综合分析,初步认为铲子坪金矿床与造山型金矿相似,但具有一定特殊性。     

白芍(Radix paeoniae alba)提取物对中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)造血组织发育及造血因子Astakine的影响

血淋巴细胞在甲壳动物免疫反应中起着非常重要的作用,其主要由造血组织(Hematopoietic tissue, HPT)生成并随着开管式循环分布到身体各处。到目前为止,还没有相关研究表明甲壳动物造血组织是否受草本植物的影响。本研究以中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)为对象,利用荧光定量PCR、免疫荧光和组织化学等技术,初步探索了白芍(Radix paeoniae alba)提取物对中华绒螯蟹造血组织和造血因子Astakine的影响。结果显示,在原代培养的造血组织细胞中添加终浓度为0.85mg/mL的白芍提取物后,造血因子Astakine mRNA的表达量显著上调(P0.05)。进一步制备含1%白芍提取物的中华绒螯蟹饲料并进行饲喂实验,结果显示饲喂含白芍提取物饲料的中华绒螯蟹造血组织的Astakine mRNA的表达量较饲喂前上调了10.5倍,要高于对照组。免疫荧光结果同样表明,饲喂含白芍提取物饲料后中华绒螯蟹造血组织的Astakine蛋白荧光信号也要强于对照组。通过造血组织的形态学观察和造血组织体重百分比的检测,我们发现白芍组中华绒螯蟹造血组织含有较多卵形小叶,且造血组织体重百分比较饲喂前增加了6.64%,而对照组仅增加1.6%。免疫保护率实验显示,在脂多糖急性刺激下,白芍添加组的中华绒螯蟹的存活率(77.5%)要高于对照组(57.5%)。综上所述,白芍提取物可以促进中华绒螯蟹造血因子的表达和造血组织的发育,从而提高中华绒螯蟹的免疫调节功能。     

下辽河平原景观格局演变与预测分析

以下辽河平原为研究对象,选取1980年、2010年和2018年Landsat TM/ETM+OLI卫星图像进行解译,得到3期土地利用数据,定量分析下辽河平原近40年土地利用时空变化特征.结合地形、交通通达度及限制转化因子采用FLUS(Future Land Use Simulation)模型对流域未来土地利用变化情景及景观格局进行了预测.结果表明:1980-2018年水田、林地、草地、沼泽面积均减少,其中水田面积减少量最大,占比减少了8.59％,旱地、水域和城镇的面积均有所上升,旱地的增长面积最大,占比增加了6.19％;水田、林地、水域转入为旱地面积最大,旱地转出为建设用地面积最大;1980-2018年景观格局发生了较大变化,景观的破碎化程度降低,斑块之间的连通度、聚集程度升高,土地利用的集约化程度增大;2018-2040年,下辽河平原建设用地和水田的变化面积最大,城市化过程更加显著,景观的多样性及空间异质性降低,人类对环境的干扰能力变大.