沙特阿拉伯Jabal Twalah地区铀/钍矿化特征与成矿机制

目前,沙特阿拉伯西北部Jabal Twalah地区铀钍资源勘查程度较低,对该地区的铀成矿机制研究相对薄弱。本文主要对该地区新发现的伟晶岩型和花岗岩热液型铀矿化带的矿化特征和成矿机制开展研究。区内与铀钍矿化相关的伟晶岩和围岩花岗岩中锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为638.6±3.2 Ma和632.5±1.5 Ma,两者时代基本一致。综合岩相学、地球化学以及扫描电镜能谱分析等研究结果,发现矿化伟晶岩强烈富集U、Th、稀土及稀有金属元素,复杂的高温蚀变矿物组合特征暗示可能经历了岩浆期后热液的改造,改造前后矿化伟晶岩中的铀和钍未发生分离,以副矿物形式存在而无独立铀矿物,具岩浆矿物组合的特征,如金红石、锆石、氟碳铈矿、磷钇矿、钍石等。花岗岩热液型单铀矿化带的地表样品中铀矿物主要为硅铅铀矿和硅钙铀矿,脉石矿物主要为赤铁矿、萤石、石英以及少量方解石,铀矿化受控于高铀含量的碱性花岗岩、强烈硅化构造破碎带以及晚期酸性—基性脉岩活动等因素。强烈硅化的构造破碎带及其转折部位或者与脉岩交汇部位是今后重要的找矿方向。     

太古宙TTG的Nb/Ta变化特征:对“Nb-Ta悖论”的启示

英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩(TTG)是地球早期大陆地壳最重要的组成部分。TTG的Nb/Ta比值变化不仅与它的成因相关,而且与早期构造环境和地壳分异过程关系紧密。本文选择阴山地块出露的TTG片麻岩及下地壳斜长角闪岩/麻粒岩包体作为研究对象,开展了寄主花岗闪长岩和同源镁铁质包体中的角闪石和黑云母的原位微区矿物的微量元素分析工作,以及TTG与非同源斜长角闪岩包体的全岩主微量元素分析工作。矿物化学研究结果表明,花岗闪长岩和同源镁铁质包体的角闪石具有相似的Mg^#值,但是两者具有明显不同的Nb/Ta比值。镁铁质包体中的角闪石更富Cr、Ta,Nb/Ta比值为30～50; TTG岩石中的角闪石Cr和Ta含量偏低,但具有更高的Nb/Ta比值(38～70)。TTG和镁铁质包体中的角闪石Cr含量与Nb/Ta具有较好的负相关关系。全岩地球化学分析结果揭示,TTG片麻岩的具有高Nb/Ta比值(13～65,平均值31),斜长角闪岩和麻粒岩包体具有变化的Nb/Ta比值(10～56)。太古宙绿岩带中玄武质岩石的Nb/Ta平均值为～15,阴山地块斜长角闪岩和麻粒岩包体具有高的Nb/Ta比值...     

Non-Gaussian Lagrangian Stochastic Model for Wind Field Simulation in the Surface Layer

Wind field simulation in the surface layer is often used to manage natural resources in terms of air quality, gene flow(through pollen drift), and plant disease transmission(spore dispersion). Although Lagrangian stochastic(LS) models describe stochastic wind behaviors, such models assume that wind velocities follow Gaussian distributions. However,measured surface-layer wind velocities show a strong skewness and kurtosis. This paper presents an improved model, a non-Gaussian LS model, which inco...     

基于Levenberg-Marquardt法的中国大陆地区地震烈度分布快速评估的偏差特性分析

地震灾害发生后,可根据地震烈度衰减关系,利用地震灾害快速评估系统初步评估烈度分布范围.为评定烈度分布结果的偏差特性,利用中国西部地区488个震例和中国东部地区182个震例的等震线数据,使用Levenberg-Marquardt非线性迭代算法进行回归,计算我国大陆分区域烈度衰减关系,并对中国大陆1990—2007年23次...     

黄河流域气候变化研究综述

黄河流域从西到东跨越多省,地形复杂,作为中国生态安全战略格局的重要组成部分,是中国气候变化敏感区和生态环境脆弱区.本文主要综述了在气候变暖背景下,黄河流域气候变化特征、影响以及成因和对策建议的最新研究进展:(1)近60年黄河流域气温呈上升趋势,平均升温速率为0.30℃/10a,上游升温速率最大,下游次之,冬季升温趋势最...     

A QUANTITATIVE-COMPARATIVE APPROACH TO ANALYSIS OF DISTORTION IN MENTAL MAPS

A quantitative procedure for analyzing and comparing distortion in mental maps is presented. Using a microcomputer and digitizer, and by developing a distortion index, comparisons are made by direct analysis of mental maps. A case study of the mental maps of Israel of high school and university students showed a tendency to generalize shape to simple geometric forms, with foreshortening of north-south lines and exaggeration of east-west distances.     

Seasonally ice free glacial nordic seas without deep water ventilation

At present the Nordic Seas are a key region of North Atlantic Deep Water (NADW) formation. Two alternative scenarios have been suggested by some authors for the Last Glacial Maximum: (i) the Nordic Seas were permanently covered by sea ice, preventing the formation of NADW, or (ii) that they were seasonally free of ice and that deep water formation did occur. A modified scenario is presented here based on parallel ocean circulation modelling results from the GFDL primitive equation model and a planetary geostrophic model. It is suggested that the glacial Nordic Seas were at least seasonally ice free, but it is observed that there was never deep water formation from the surface; rather it occurred only in the North Atlantic south of 40°–50°N. North of 40°N, the weaker LGM northward flowing thermohaline conveyor is subducted below a reverse conveyor which occurred to a depth of over 1000 m. Various modelling experiments presented here indicate that the reversed conveyor was primarily caused by the colder conditions of the glacial North Atlantic that led to far stronger zonality of glacial analogue of the North Atlantic Current.