Harmful algal bloom-forming dinoflagellate Prorocentrum donghaiense inhibits the growth and photosynthesis of seaweed Sargassum fusiformis embryos

Journal of Oceanology and Limnology - Harmful algal bloom (HAB) is an ecological disaster to local mariculture. At present, its impact on macrophytes has not been well studied. In this study, we...     

Land use effects on soil organic carbon,microbial biomass and microbial activity in Changbai Mountains of Northeast China

Land use changes are known to alter soil organic carbon （SOC） and microbial properties, however, information about how conversion of natural forest to agricultural land use as well as plantations affects SOC and microbial properties in the Changbai Moun- tains of Northeast China is meager. Soil carbon content, microbial biomass carbon （MBC）, basal respiration and soil carbon mineraliza- tion were studied in five selected types of land use： natural old-growth broad-leaved Korean pine mixed forest （NF）; spruce plantation （SP） established following clear-cutting of NF; cropland （CL）; ginseng farmland （GF） previously under NF; and a five-year Mongolian oak young forest （YF） reforested on an abandoned GF, in the Changbai Mountains of Northeast China in 2011. Results showed that SOC content was significantly lower in SP, CL, GF, and YF than in NF. MBC ranged from 304.4 mg/kg in CL to 1350.3 mg/kg in NF, which was significantly higher in the soil of NF than any soil of the other four land use types. The SOC and MBC contents were higher in SP soil than in CL, GF, and YF soils, yielding a significant difference between SP and CL. The value of basal respiration was also higher in NF than in SP, CL, GF, and YF. Simultaneously, higher values of the metabolic quotient were detected in CL, GF, and YF soils, indicat- ing low substrate utilization of the soil microbial community compared with that in NF and SP soil. The values of cumulative mineral- ized carbon and potentially mineralized carbon （Co） in NF were significantly higher than those in CL and GF, while no significant dif- ference was observed between NF and SP. In addition, YF had higher values of Co and C mineralization rate compared with GF. The results indicate that conversion from NF into agricultural land （CL and GF） uses and plantation may lead to a reduction in soil nutrients （SOC and MBC） and substrate utilization efficiency of the microbial community. By contrast, soils below SP were more conducive to the preservation of soil organic matter, which was reflected in the comparison of microbial indicators among CL, GF, and YF land uses. This study can provide data for evaluating soils nutrients under different land use types, and serve as references for the rational land use of natural forest in the study area.     

�˼�RPDOPֵ��GPS���μ�⿹��Kalman�˲�

??GPS???μ???У???????????·??Ч????????????????ν??????λ??????г????д??????????ν????????????λ??????????λ?????????????????λ????????????????????????GPS?????λ?е?????λ???ξ????????????????????????Kalman?????????к????????????y????????????RPDOP??????Kalman??????и???????Ч????     

分段多项式拟合在动三轴试验数据处理中的应用

动三轴采集的试验数据点(剪应变与动剪模量和阻尼比之间)具有离散性和有限性,为方便应用需要对数据点进行拟合,但现有经验公式不一定很好吻合试验数据。为得到不同剪应变与对应的动剪模量和阻尼比之间的关系,本文利用最小二乘原理,对渤海某海洋平台地基土进行动三轴试验获得的动剪模量、阻尼比与剪切应变的数据进行了分段多项式的拟合。数据处理过程是先对剪应变值进行了压缩处理,然后再分段低次多项式拟合,得到多项式拟合参数。通过此项改进解决了正规方程解中的病态问题,且拟合效果良好。     

三个文蛤家系双列杂交设计在两种环境下的配合力及杂种优势分析

A 3×3 complete diallel cross comprising three families of the clam Meretrix meretrix(P1, P2 and P3) was used to determine the combining ability of parental families and heterosis of F1 under indoor and openair environments for growth traits. Analysis of variance for shell length and whole body weight indicated highly significant cross effects, environment effects and the interaction of cross by environment. General combining ability(GCA) and specific combing ability exhibited great variation among crosses and between two environments. Pooled over environments, P2 was the top combiner among the three parental families for both traits studied. The cross of P1 and P3 had the highest SCA. Additionally, significant reciprocal effects were observed. For individual environment, about half of the crossbred combinations showed favorable Mid-parent heterosis(MPH)(1%) for the shell length and whole body weight. Our data has shown that non-additive genetic and reciprocal effects constituted the major sources of genetic variation for both shell length and whole body weight, which indicates that crossbreeding among selective families could further explore the heterotic effects.     

Tropospheric Wet Refractivity Tomography Based on the BeiDou Satellite System简

This paper presents a novel approach for assessing the precision of the wet refractivity field using BDS （BeiDou navigation satellite system） simulations only,GPS,and BDS＋GPS for the Shenzhen and Hongkong GNSS network.The simulations are carried out by adding artificial noise to a real observation dataset.Instead of using the δ and σ parameters computed from slant wet delay,as in previous studies,we employ the Bias and RMS parameters,computed from the tomography results of total voxels,in order to obtain a more direct and comprehensive evaluation of the precision of the refractivity field determination.The results show that：（1） the precision of tropospheric wet refractivity estimated using BDS alone （only 9 satellites used） is basically comparable to that of GPS; （2） BDS＋GPS （as of current operation） may not be able to significantly improve the data＇s spatial density for the application of refractivity tomography; and （3） any slight increase in the precision of refractivity tomography,particularly in the lower atmosphere,bears great significance for any applications dependent on the Chinese operational meteorological service.     

Precise and Accurate In Situ Determination of Lead Isotope Ratios in NIST,USGS, MPI‐DING and CGSG Glass Reference Materials using Femtosecond Laser Ablation MC‐ICP‐MS

Lead isotope ratio data were obtained with good precision and accuracy using a 266 nm femtosecond laser ablation (fLA) system connected to a multi‐collector ICP‐MS (MC‐ICP‐MS) and through careful control of analytical procedures. The mass fractionation coefficient induced by 266 nm femtosecond laser ablation was approximately 28% lower than that by 193 nm excimer laser ablation (eLA) with helium carrier gas. The exponential law correction method for Tl normalisation with optimum adjusted Tl ratio was utilised to obtain Pb isotopic data with good precision and accuracy. The Pb isotopic ratios of the glass reference materials NIST SRM 610, 612, 614; USGS BHVO‐2G, BCR‐2G, GSD‐1G, BIR‐1G; and MPI‐DING GOR132‐G, KL2‐G, T1‐G, StHs60/80‐G, ATHO‐G and ML3B‐G were determined using fLA‐MC‐ICP‐MS. The measured Pb isotopic ratios were in good agreement with the reference or published values within 2s measurement uncertainties. We also present the first high‐precision Pb isotopic data for GSE‐1G, GSC‐1G, GSA‐1G and CGSG‐1, CGSG‐2, CGSG‐4 and CGSG‐5 glass reference materials obtained using the femtosecond laser ablation MC‐ICP‐MS analysis technique.     

The Dynamic Evaluation of Rock Slope Stability Considering the Effects of Microseismic Damage

A state-of-the-art microseismic monitoring system has been implemented at the left bank slope of the Jinping first stage hydropower station since June 2009. The main objectives are to ensure slope safety under continuous excavation at the left slope, and, very recently, the safety of the concrete arch dam. The safety of the excavated slope is investigated through the development of fast and accurate real-time event location techniques aimed at assessing the evolution and migration of the seismic activity, as well as through the development of prediction capabilities for rock slope instability. Myriads of seismic events at the slope have been recorded by the microseismic monitoring system. Regions of damaged rock mass have been identified and delineated on the basis of the tempo-spatial distribution analysis of microseismic activity during the periods of excavation and consolidation grouting. However, how to effectively utilize the abundant microseismic data in order to quantify the stability of the slope remains a challenge. In this paper, a rock mass damage evolutional model based on microseismic data is proposed, combined with a 3D finite element method (FEM) model for feedback analysis of the left bank slope stability. The model elements with microseismic damage are interrogated and the deteriorated mechanical parameters determined accordingly. The relationship between microseismic activities induced by rock mass damage during slope instability, strength degradation, and dynamic instability of the slope are explored, and the slope stability is quantitatively evaluated. The results indicate that a constitutive relation considering microseismic damage is concordant with the simulation results and the influence of rock mass damage can be allowed for its feedback analysis of 3D slope stability. In addition, the safety coefficient of the rock slope considering microseismic damage is reduced by a value of 0.11, in comparison to the virgin rock slope model. Our results demonstrate that microseismic activity induced by construction disturbance only slightly affects the stability of the slope. The proposed feedback analysis technique provides a novel method for dynamically assessing rock slope stability and can be used to assess the slope stability of other similar rock slopes.     

叠覆式三角洲——一种特殊的浅水三角洲

不同于常规三角洲以分流河道体系所形成的分流河道、河口坝、席状砂等微相为三角洲朵体的基本单元,叠覆式三角洲以内部结构简单的朵体为基本构成单元,朵体相互叠置,形成复合叠合体,进而构成三角洲骨架。单个朵体由河道扫描或扩展而成,复合朵体则是由单朵体侧向迁移或前(退)积而成。三角洲因大量朵体叠置而形成厚层状、内部结构复杂的复合砂体。不同朵体形成于不同时期,因而不存在统一的分流体系,单一沉积体具有层状特征,但不同期朵体受可容空间和地貌控制,呈三维叠置,而非简单的层状叠加,从而使得三角洲内部呈现出拼合式、立体式特点。单朵体是结构的基本单元,发育范围有限,与相邻朵体发育于不同时间单元,因而只能在复合体约束下小范围追踪。单一朵体接触关系及接触界面的渗流能力决定了油气富集和注水开发响应特征。朵体迁移、叠置造成大面积、巨厚的砂层可形成大型油气藏,而同时朵体间泥岩的不均匀分布也造就了砂体局部不连通或朵体间连通性变化,为岩性油气藏形成创造了条件,并且影响了注水开发中的注采对应性,进而影响水驱采油效果。     

福建省紫金山铜金矿床原生晕地球化学特征及深部找矿前景

通过系统采集紫金山铜金矿床4~11线共41个钻孔的岩矿样,绘制原生晕剖面图,建立垂向元素分带序列、矿体剥蚀程度准则,结合深部指示元素的特征,进行隐伏矿预测。该矿床金矿近矿晕为Au-Ag-Zn1,尾部晕为BiGa-Mo-Sn-Ti-Co-Ni-W1-V;铜矿前缘晕为Hg-Sb-As,近矿晕为Cu-Pb1-Zn2,尾部晕为Be-W2。矿体剥蚀程度评价表明,高硫型铜矿体往深部已尖灭。深部F-Mn-Pb2-Zn3的异常形态和元素组合符合典型斑岩矿床的外带特征,斑岩体延伸至矿床周边;深部的蚀变矿物组合、金属矿物组合、流体包裹体特征等均表明深部可能存在斑岩铜(钼)矿床。