海洋倾倒前疏浚底泥的去污染技术

疏浚底泥是陆源性入海污染物的主要蓄积场所, 也是海洋污染的潜在污染源。在疏浚和海洋倾倒过程中, 这些疏浚底泥中的污染物会重新释放出来进入水体, 危害海洋环境, 因此对疏浚底泥进行无害或者减害化处理, 对于实施疏浚底泥海洋倾倒的科学管理、有效保护海洋环境具有重要意义。本文综述了6种主要的疏浚底泥处理方法, 介绍和评述了各方法的原理、影响因素以及优缺点, 并展望了物化和生物等方法联合在去除疏浚底泥污染应用中的前景。     

河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度对潜流驻留时间的复合效应

潜流驻留时间是反映潜流交换、溶质迁移转化、生物组成、生态过程的重要特征变量。应用双循环可控式河岸带模型，以NaCl为示踪剂，深入研究了河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度对潜流驻留时间的复合效应；应用量纲分析和主成分分析法，探析了潜流驻留时间的关键影响因子及其作用程度和敏感性。结果表明：①河岸带植被密度对潜流驻留时间具有促进作用，但存在一定的阈值。②潜流驻留时间分布与河岸蜿蜒形态呈类镜像效应；潜流驻留时间在河岸带蜿蜒波不同位置差异明显，迎水面平均驻留时间约为背水面的1/2。③河岸带蜿蜒性与植被密度是影响潜流驻留时间的关键因子，总作用程度达91.07%。潜流驻留时间对蜿蜒性最敏感，对植被密度敏感性较弱，对复合因子的敏感性介于两者之间；迎水面内组合因子对潜流驻留时间具有共同促进效应，背水面内组合因子对潜流驻留时间具有抑制和促进双重效应。     

卫星遥感影像中耕地信息的自动提取方法研究

以县（市区）为基本单位，采用遥感图像处理ENVI3.2软件和TM资料，进行了7个县（市区）10个时相的耕地信息自动提取技术研究，结果证明，选择春季时相，TM432波段合成，经几何校正和增强处理，通过交互的非监督分类提取耕地信息，可以获得满意的结果，平均分类精度达到98.22%。     

地震安全性评价和高层建筑的地震动输入

本文根据现行的中国地震烈度区划图中烈度的含义,指出在使用现行“建筑抗震设计规范”时存在的一些问题和与《中华人民共和国防震减灾法》的不协调之处。根据多年参加工程场地地震安全性评价的经验,总结了目前进行地震安全性评价过程中存在的一些问题。文中建议：针对高层建筑进行新的场地分类方法的研究;对高层建筑工程场地作地震安全性评价时,可根据高度的不同,适当简化安全性评价过程。     

基于分布式计算模式的GIS的设计与实现

介绍了分布式GIS和分布式计算模式的概念,探讨了基于分布式计算模式的地理信息系统的体系结构、运作机制、关键技术和实现方法,最后对未来的分布式地理信息系统发展进行了展望。     

日较差分级的新疆逐时气温预报

利用1994-2005年新疆12个基准站逐时气温资料,统计了不同日较差等级内的逐时气温和逐时气温变量的气候平均值,并在此基础上自动地输出新疆逐站逐时气温预报值,由此得到与气温变化有关的专业气象预报产品,应用于专业气象业务。     

Genesis of the Changba–Lijiagou Giant Pb-Zn Deposit, West Qinling, Central China: Constraints from S-Pb-C-O isotopes

The extensive Changba-Lijiagou Pb-Zn deposit is located in the north of the Xihe–Chengxian ore cluster in West Qinling. The ore bodies are mainly hosted in the marble, dolomitic marble and biotite-calcite-quartz schist of the Middle Devonian Anjiacha Formation, and are structurally controlled by the fault and anticline. The ore-forming process can be divided into three main stages, based on field geological features and mineral assemblages. The mineral assemblages of hydrothermal stage I are pale-yellow coarse grain, low Fe sphalerite, pyrite with pits, barite and biotite. The mineral assemblages of hydrothermal stage II are black-brown cryptocrystalline, high Fe shalerite, pyrite without pits, marcasite or arsenopyrite replace the pyrite with pits, K-feldspar. The features of hydrothermal stage III are calcite-quartz-sulfide vein cutting the laminated, banded ore body. Forty-two sulfur isotope analyses, twenty-five lead isotope analyses and nineteen carbon and oxygen isotope analyses were determined on sphalerite, pyrite, galena and calcite. The δ34 S values of stage I(20.3 to 29.0‰) are consistent with the δ34 S of sulfate(barite) in the stratum. Combined with geological feature, inclusion characteristics and EPMA data, we propose that TSR has played a key role in the formation of the sulfides in stage I. The δ34 S values of stage II sphalerite and pyrite(15.1 to 23.0‰) are between sulfides in the host rock, magmatic sulfur and the sulfate(barite) in the stratum. This result suggests that multiple S reservoirs were the sources for S2-in stage II. The δ34 S values of stage III(13.1 to 22‰) combined with the structure of the geological and mineral features suggest a magmatic hydrothermal origin of the mineralization. The lead isotope compositions of the sulfides have 206 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 17.9480 to 17.9782, 207 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 15.611 to 15.622, and 208 Pb/204 Pb ranging from 38.1368 to 38.1691 in the three ore-forming stages. The narrow and symmetric distributions of the lead isotope values reflect homogenization of granite and mantle sources before the Pb-Zn mineralization. The δ13 CPDB and δ18 OSMOW values of stage I range from-0.1 to 2.4‰ and from 18.8 to 21.7‰. The values and inclusion data indicate that the source of fluids in stage I was the dissolution of marine carbonate. The δ13 CPDB and δ18 OSMOW values of stage II range from-4 to 1‰ and from 12.3 to 20.3‰, suggesting multiple C-O reservoirs in the Changba deposit and the addition of mantle-source fluid to the system. The values in stage III are-3.1‰ and 19.7‰, respectively. We infer that the process of mineralization involved evaporitic salt and sedimentary organic-bearing units interacting through thermochemical sulfate reduction through the isotopic, mineralogy and inclusion evidences. Subsequently, the geology feature, mineral assemblages, EPMA data and isotopic values support the conclusion that the ore-forming hydrothermal fluids were mixed with magmatic hydrothermal fluids and forming the massive dark sphalerite, then yielding the calcite-quartz-sulfide vein ore type at the last stage. The genesis of this ore deposit was epigenetic rather than the previously-proposed sedimentary-exhalative(SEDEX) type.     

点蚀损伤下桩基式平台腿柱轴压极限承载力研究

采用圆柱体点蚀损伤模型,建立含细观尺度点蚀损伤的桩基式平台腿柱多尺度精细化数值模型,研究壁厚损伤度、点蚀损伤强度以及点蚀体积损伤强度影响平台腿柱轴压极限承载力的规律。研究结果表明,壁厚损伤度及点蚀损伤强度明显削弱平台腿柱的极限强度,且随点蚀损伤强度增大壁厚损伤度的影响加剧;点蚀体积损伤强度由于综合考虑了壁厚损伤度和点蚀损伤强度的耦合因素,相比于独立考虑后两者,其更能合理地描述点蚀损伤对平台腿柱极限强度的影响,故点蚀体积损伤强度体现了点蚀损伤的关键特征。本方法不仅适用于研究点蚀损伤构件的极限承载力,其所提出的点蚀损伤模型的构建方法,可拓展于研究受点蚀损伤的整体平台结构的极限承载力,且确定点蚀体积损伤强度为描述点蚀损伤特征的关键参数后,有望将其用于修正点蚀损伤平台腿柱的承载力设计公式。     

Research of Marine Sensor Web Based on SOA and EDA

A great deal of ocean sensor observation data exists, for a wide range of marine disciplines, derived from in situ and remote observing platforms, in real-time, near-real-time and delayed mode. Ocean monitoring is routinely completed using sensors and instruments. Standardization is the key requirement for exchanging information about ocean sensors and sensor data and for comparing and combining information from different sensor networks. One or more sensors are often physically integrated into a single ocean ‘instrument' device, which often brings in many challenges related to diverse sensor data formats, parameters units, different spatiotemporal resolution, application domains, data quality and sensors protocols. To face these challenges requires the standardization efforts aiming at facilitating the so-called Sensor Web, which making it easy to provide public access to sensor data and metadata information. In this paper, a Marine Sensor Web, based on SOA and EDA and integrating the MBARI's PUCK protocol, IEEE 1451 and OGC SWE 2.0, is illustrated with a five-layer architecture. The Web Service layer and Event Process layer are illustrated in detail with an actual example. The demo study has demonstrated that a standard-based system can be built to access sensors and marine instruments distributed globally using common Web browsers for monitoring the environment and oceanic conditions besides marine sensor data on the Web, this framework of Marine Sensor Web can also play an important role in many other domains' information integration.     

众源矢量数据分块纠正研究

众源矢量数据能够提供丰富的地理信息,但存在几何误差分布不均匀问题.针对众源矢量数据几何误差问题,本文提出一种众源矢量数据分块纠正方法.以遥感影像作为标准数据,通过模板匹配得到遥感影像与众源矢量数据的同名点,根据同名点的几何误差分布对众源矢量数据切分及分块纠正,最后拼接纠正结果实现众源矢量数据的纠正.本文以上海市OpenStreetMap矢量道路网作为实验数据进行分块纠正实验,实验结果表明分块纠正后众源矢量数据几何误差显著降低.