江淮地区梅雨的新定义及其气候特征

用Cressman客观分析方法得到我国1954～2005年0.5°×0.5°的逐日降水格点资料,并定义了一个新的江淮地区的 “广义梅雨评定标准”,研究了包括长江中下游地区和淮河流域地区的整个江淮地区（28°N～34°N,110°E～122°E）梅雨期降水的气候特征。结果表明:江淮梅雨有显著的年际和年代际变化特征,主要存在2～3年、6～8年、 12～15年和18～20年的周期变化,2～3年的显著周期主要集中在20世纪70年代末以后。江淮地区梅雨在1965年前后、70年代末～80年代初和90年代初发生了三次显著的气候跃变。最后,从季风气流的水汽输送和副热带高压及阻塞高压的稳定维持三个方面讨论了江淮梅雨丰梅年和弱梅年时大气环流的异常特征。     

RTK技术在物探测量应用中若干问题探讨

GPS实时动态定位（RTK）技术在测绘领域得到了广泛应用。在分析RTK工作原理及其优缺点的基础上,对在施工中出现的问题进行了分类和归纳,提出了解决方案,并对RTK技术发展方向进行了探讨,目的是提高RTK测量成果精度,使RTK技术更好的推广应用,满足三维和高分辨率地震勘探技术要求,提高作业速度,减轻测量人员劳动强度。     

The Representativeness of Air Quality Monitoring Sites in the Urban Areas of a Mountainous City

Lanzhou is a typical mountainous city with severe air pollution in northwestern China. This study uses hourly observational data of air pollutants at five air quality monitoring sites in Lanzhou from July to December 2015 to discuss data quality control and the representativeness of the monitoring sites(four urban sites and one suburban site). A fuzzy matrix is applied to study primary air pollutants. The results show that of the six routinely monitored pollutants,the primary pollutant is PM_10 during the study period. Based on lag correlation analysis and one-way analysis of variance, it is concluded that there are redundant observations at the four urban sites for the timely diffusion and transport of air pollutants from the same general area. The coefficient of divergence(COD) method is then used to evaluate the spatial distribution differences, and the primary air pollutant PM_10 shows differences at each site. COD can be used as a positive indicator to describe site representativeness. To evaluate the overall air pollution in the valley, correlation analysis is performed between the PM_10 concentration retrieved from aerosol optical depth satellite data and the concentration from the four urban monitoring sites. Among these, the correlation between the workers' hospital site data and the retrieval data is the highest, passing the 90% confidence level. A new representative evaluation model for air quality monitoring sites, R_s = 0.77 COD + 0.23R_(retrieval), is established by using COD and correlation coefficients between routine observations and satellite retrieval products. From this model, it can be concluded that the biological products institute site in Lanzhou is the most representative site for the evaluation of air pollution out of the four urban air quality monitoring sites from July to December 2015.     

利用DINEOF方法重构缺测的卫星遥感海温数据

针对海温数据补缺问题提出一种基于经验正交函数(EOF)分解的缺测数据重构方法--经验正交函数插值法(DINEOF).此方法是一种自适应的EOF分解方法,不需要任何先验信息,并且能估算出重构数据的误差大小.奇异值(SVD)分解时采用了Lanczos算子以提高计算速度,并利用了交叉验证的算法以确定出重构时所需最优的EOF阶数.实测数据处理结果表明,DINEOF方法能很好地重构大面积的缺测数据,具有较高精度及实际可操作性.     

台风对海洋叶绿素a浓度影响的定量遥感初探

研究台风对海洋水色环境的影响,是目前海洋遥感技术又一应用领域。由于台风期间天气恶劣,遥感资料较少,国际上主要针对个别典型台风,研究其对海表温度、海洋叶绿素a浓度及初级生产力的影响,很少通过遥感资料系统地对这一影响进行定量分析和建模。自2000到2007年,过境中国近海以及西北太平洋海域台风近百次,作者通过系统地分析这期间MODIS,SeaWiFS的3A级叶绿素a浓度数据,结果发现:(1)台风促进了相应海域叶绿素a浓度的大幅增长,总体上平均增长约1.426倍,个别区域在5倍以上,同时,该增长一般延后3~6d,在7~10d后恢复到原来的水平;(2)进一步对这些数据进行一元统计线性回归,发现叶绿素a浓度增长比(R_chl-a)与台风影响因子(Tsub>w)满足如下关系:R_chl-a=0.0012Tsub>w+1.017,其相关系数达0.8;(3)台风期间叶绿素a浓度与无台风时叶绿素a浓度之间有很强的线性关系,其关系满足:C_chl-a=1.2367C_0chl-a+0.0636,且相关系数高达0.98。这一初步研究结果对进一步通过遥感手段深入研究台风对海洋水色环境的影响有借鉴意义。     

ANALYSIS OF THE CHARACTERISTICS OF SUSTAINED TORRENTIAL RAINS IN JUNES DURING 1958-2000

Day-to-day precipitation data of Junes during the 43 years of 1958-2000 from stations to the south of Yangtze River are used to divide regions and run statistical analysis of sustained torrential rainfall processes. A preliminary analysis is then made based on it and the results show that June is the month in which torrential rains in the southern half of China take place frequently and sustained torrential rains occur at the same time in South China and the area to the south of Yangtze River. In addition, the analysis gives the basic features of sustained torrential rains of June in China and their interannual variability patterns, with the suggestion that the amount of these events increases significantly after the 1990s. Lastly, the sustained torrential rains occurring in Junes of 1994, 1998 and 2005 in the southern half of China are taken as examples in the research on the basic patterns and formation mechanisms of the evolution of double rain-bands during the rain season in South China and the area to the south of Yangtze River. The analysis shows that the large scale environment field in which sustained torrential rains occur is related to the stable sustaining of the South Asia High and upper level jet streams.     

基于粗糙集与人工神经网络的变压器故障诊断

根据电力变压器故障诊断问题,提出了基于粗糙集与人工神经网络的变压器故障诊断模型,分析了该模型的实现步骤.采用Kohonen网络对连续属性值进行离散化,应用粗糙集理论对特征参数进行属性约简,并把约简结果生成规则作为BP网络的输入.仿真结果表明,把经过粗糙集理论预处理过的数据送入BP网络训练,提高了学习速度和故障诊断正确率,减少了训练时间.     

大跨维修机库结构采用耗能支撑的减震研究

大跨维修机库动力特性复杂,针对该类结构的减震研究则刚刚起步。本文结合大跨机库的地震响应特点,提出支撑柱顶与屋盖节点之间设置黏滞流体阻尼支撑的减震方案,对一大跨机库结构采用该减震方法进行了时程分析,对比减震前后结构基底剪力、柱顶侧移以及屋盖的杆件内力、位移。结果表明,该方法可以有效地吸收地震动输入能量,降低整体结构地震响应。由于机库结构特点决定了支撑柱间阻尼器的不均匀布置,导致减震效果在屋盖范围内的不均匀分布,分析结果表明屋盖杆件内力减震效果与杆件地震内力分布规律相吻合,表明该类减震方案对于大跨度维修机库屋盖地震响应具有非常好的针对性。     

纳入动态数据的改进FLUS模型在城市增长边界划定中的应用

城市增长边界是管控城市建设用地无序扩张的有效手段,科学合理划定城市增长边界是当前研究关注的重要课题。本研究试图引入百度动态交通时间和POI数据改进FLUS模型,以长沙市中心城区为例,采用2000、2010和2018年3期土地利用数据对比验证改进FLUS模型模拟精度,并利用改进FLUS模型设置2种情景,模拟2030年长沙市中心城区土地利用变化,结合用地适宜性评价划定城市增长边界。结果显示：① 纳入动态数据的改进FLUS模型模拟2010年和2018年土地利用相比原模型KAPPA系数提高了2.90%和2.74%,总体精度提高了1.79%和1.83%,表明改进模型具有更高模拟精度;② 利用改进FLUS模型模拟的2030年长沙市中心城区土地利用变化,基准情景和生态保护情景建设用地规模分别为930.06 km²和881.36 km²,均以耕地转为建设用地比例最大;③ 长沙市中心城区刚性增长边界范围为1479.59 km²,占中心城区总面积的37.38%,边界内包含了芙蓉区、天心区、雨花区、岳麓区和开福区的大部分区域;④ 基准情景和生态保护情景下,长沙市中心城区弹性增长边界面积分别为799.35 km²和742.92 km²,建设用地扩张空间主要为长沙县和望城区,结果与2010版长沙市城市总体规划拓展方向一致。纳入动态数据的改进FLUS模型多情景模拟划定城市增长边界,能更高精度的为规划决策提供科学依据。     

Source Evolution and Its Relationship to Climate Change Since the Middle–Late Pleistocene in Laizhou Bay,China

Through the geochemical analysis of two hundred-meters cores KD4 and ZK3 from Laizhou Bay,in this study,we determined the distribution law and controlling factors of the geochemical elements.We analyzed 24 elements with respect to their R factors and major principal components,which were combined with the source discrimination functions DFCr/Th and DFCa/Al to obtain the sediment source index and its variation with depth for this area.A comparison of the changes in climate indicators suggests a clear correlation between the source and climate changes.The results show that the Yellow River and surrounding short-term rivers are the main sediment sources in this area.The PC3 of the KD4 core and PC2 of the ZK3 core(e.g.,CaO,MnO,SiO2)exhibit significant variations and reflect the relative contributions of Yellow River sources.The deposition process can be divided into six stages:in Phase I(MIS 5c–MIS 5a),the Yellow River formed,and the composition of the Yellow River had a greater influence on the sedimentary composition of the study area.In Phase II(MIS 5a–MIS 3),the sediment sources of the Yellow River and the short-term streams in this area were wavering,with the sediments derived from short-term rivers playing a more important role.In Phase III(MIS 3),with a sharp drop in temperature,the study area was in the process of retreat,and the sediment source changed from the Yellow River to short-term rivers,after which the Yellow River source material remained the main sediment source for the region.A similar process occurred three more times in Phase IV(MIS 3–MIS 2),Phase V(MIS 2–MIS 1),and Phase VI(MIS 1).With changes in climate,especially during alternating sea-land phases,the sediment source varied in marine-terrestrial-marine phases,and the changes are observed as Yellow River source-surrounding provenance-Yellow River source.However,this process of change is not synchronized with the sea-land strata alternation.