基于TM/ETM+和MODIS的漓江流域生态环境遥感动态监测

为调查漓江流域近30 a来的生态环境变化，开展了基于TM/ETM+和MODIS遥感长、短周期结合的动态监测研究。通过对3期 Landsat-5/7 TM/ETM+遥感影像的信息提取、模式识别和实际调查，发现造成漓江上游生态环境退化的主要原因与漓江水源林遭人 为破坏、城市化扩展和水质污染等因素有关。通过对MODIS-NDVI和水体反射波谱分析，初步探明了流域区植被总量的季节变化规律 和漓江水体污染的遥感反射波谱特征，确定了水质遥感监测的最佳MODIS波段，得到了研究区的植被覆盖、城市扩展变化及河流水 质变化信息。     

一种组合模型在卫星钟差长期预报中的应用研究

近年来,卫星钟差长期预报普遍采用灰色模型,该模型的预报精度虽较传统的二次多项式模型有所提高,但仍不理想。本文在其基础上提出了一种新的组合模型:首先利用灰色模型估计的残差建立二次多项式模型,预报以后历元的残差,然后和灰色模型的预报结果相加;并分析了利用不同历元个数的残差建模所得组合模型的精度,将组合模型与灰色模型、二次多项式模型的预报精度进行了比较。结果表明:组合模型相对于灰色模型的预报精度能提高一个数量级左右,验证了本文提出的组合模型的可行性和有效性。     

渭河2005年9—10月暴雨洪水特性分析

2005年9月下旬渭河流域发生了长历时、大面积、高强度降雨,致渭河干流及支流涨水,多处出现超警戒洪水。通过对该次暴雨洪水特性分析,发现形成这次洪水的暴雨中心和洪水形成均在中下游地区,暴雨中心移动方向与洪水走向一致也是形成这次洪水的基本原因。     

大宝山尾矿重金属风化淋滤实验研究

广东大宝山尾矿造成的重金属污染严重影响了矿区的生态环境。对矿区不同采样点的尾矿进行了风化淋滤实验,结果表明,淋滤液的pH值很低(2.5~4.8)并随着淋滤的进行继续降低;淋滤液的电导率不断升高;淋滤液中的SO42-浓度有波动,但变化不大。淋滤液中有次生矿物沉淀生成,吸附了部分重金属离子。经过30d的淋滤,重金属Mn的淋滤率最大且可迁移性最强,Pb的淋滤率最小且沉积性最强;拦泥坝泥浆释放的重金属总量最大。     

新疆阿尔泰蒙库铁矿成矿作用特征

蒙库铁矿是新疆规模最大的铁矿床,其成矿过程及成因复杂.据蒙库铁矿床不同地段矿体主要矿物共生组合情况、形成先后顺序及相互穿插关系,结合显微镜下矿石或矿化岩石的结构构造特征,总结了蒙库铁矿成矿作用特征.蒙库铁矿经历3个成矿期:海相火山沉积成矿期、区域变质成矿期和热液交代成矿期.区域变质成矿期包括浸染状-条带状磁铁矿阶段、块状磁铁矿阶段.热液交代成矿期包括钙硅酸盐交代阶段、硫化物阶段和方解石石英脉阶段.区域变质期是铁的重要成矿期,热液交代期是铜矿化期.据此,认为蒙库铁矿属喷流沉积-区域变质-热液交代多期多成因叠加的铁矿床.     

夏河县孜孜合一带中侏罗世火山岩特征及构造环境探讨

夏河县孜孜合一带侏罗纪地层中发育的中基性火山岩 ,为碱性玄武岩系列、钠质类型。岩石类型主要为 :安山质火山角砾岩、玄武岩、球颗状玄武岩、安山玄武岩、杏仁状安山玄武岩、杏仁状安山岩等。其岩石化学、微量元素特征均表明其具有板内碱性玄武岩的特征。火山岩是在燕山期由早期的挤压挠曲转换为晚期的伸展裂陷环境下形成的。     

多光谱浅海水深提取方法研究

利用我国南海某岛礁的TM数据和实测水深资料,试验性地研究了一种在不同底质反射条件下多光谱定量提取水深信息的方法,计算了浅海岛礁水深,取得了较好的应用效果和较高的测深精度.     

DEFORMATION MECHANISM OF GRANITIC ROCKS IN BRITTLE-PLASTIC TRANSITION ZONE

Field studies and seismic data show that semi-brittle flow of fault rocks probably is the dominant deformation mechanism at the base of the seismogenic zone at the so-called frictional-plastic transition. As the bottom of seismogenic fault, the dynamic characteristics of the frictional-plastic transition zone and plastic zone are very important for the seismogenic fault during seismic cycles. Granite is the major composition of the crust in the brittle-plastic transition zone. Compared to calcite, quartz, plagioclase, pyroxene and olivine, the rheologic data of K-feldspar is scarce. Previous deformation studies of granite performed on a quartz-plagioclase aggregate revealed that the deformation strength of granite was similar with quartz. In the brittle-plastic transition zone, the deformation characteristics of granite are very complex, temperature of brittle-plastic transition of quartz is much lower than that of feldspar under both natural deformation condition and lab deformation condition. In the mylonite deformed under the middle crust deformation condition, quartz grains are elongated or fine-grained via dislocation creep, dynamic recrystallization and superplastic flow, plagioclase grains are fine-grained by bugling recrystallization, K-feldspar are fine-grained by micro-fractures. Recently, both field and experimental studies presented that the strength of K-feldspar is much higher than that of quartz and plagioclase. The same deformation mechanism of K-feldspar and plagioclase occurred under different temperature and pressure conditions, these conditions of K-feldspar are higher than plagioclase. The strength of granite is similar to feldspar while it contains a high content of K-feldspar. High shear strain experiment studies reveal that granite is deformed by local ductile shear zones in the brittle-plastic transition zone. In the ductile shear zone, K-feldspar is brittle fractured, plagioclase are bugling and sub-grain rotation re-crystallized, and quartz grains are plastic elongated. These local shear zones are altered to local slip-zones with strain increasing. Abundances of K-feldspar, plagioclase and mica are higher in the slip-zones than that in other portions of the samples (K-feldspar is the highest), and abundance of quartz is decreased. Amorphous material is easily formed by shear strain acting on brittle fine-grained K-feldspar and re-crystallized mica and plagioclase. Ductile shear zone is the major deformation mechanism of fault zones in the brittle-plastic transition zone. There is a model of a fault failed by bearing constant shear strain in the transition zone:local shear zones are formed along the fractured K-feldspar grains; plagioclase and quartz are fine-grained by recrystallization, K-feldspar is crushed into fine grains, these small grains and mica grains partially change to amorphous material, local slip-zones are generated by these small grains and the amorphous materials; then, the fault should be failed via two ways, 1)the local slip-zones contact to a throughout slip-zone in the center of the fault zone, the fault is failed along this slip-zone, and 2)the local slip-zones lead to bigger mineral grains that are in contact with each other, stress is concentrated between these big grains, the fault is failed by these big grains that are fractured. Thus, the real deformation character of the granite can't be revealed by studies performing on a quartz-plagioclase aggregate. This paper reports the different deformation characters between K-feldspar, plagioclase and quartz under the same pressure and temperature condition based on previous studies. Then, we discuss a mode of instability of a fault zone in the brittle-plastic transition zone. It is still unclear that how many contents of weak mineral phase(or strong mineral phase)will control the strength of a three-mineral-phase granite. Rheological character of K-feldspar is very important for study of the deformation characteristic of the granitic rocks.     

澜沧江流域云南段景观格局分析

流域作为一个特殊的地理生态环境区域,流域景观空间格局状况是进行流域环境资源管理的基础依据。针对澜沧江-湄公河国际河流上游云南段,基于遥感监测所获得的土地覆盖斑块信息,就该地区景观格局进行分析研究。初步结果表明：研究区内景观类型丰富,不同景观类型斑块大小的平均水平,以及斑块密度差异明显;山区早地斑块景观,作为人类驱动影响的直观外在表现,它对本流域山区景观格局具有主导作用。     

高访问量的“SARS网络地理信息系统”解决方案

介绍了高访问量条件下“SARS网络地理信息系统”解决方案,指出瘦服务器模式是研制具有高访问量特点的网络地理信息系统的最佳解决方案。