顺北1井区奥陶系断溶体油藏岩溶发育特征

随着塔里木盆地超深层碳酸盐油气藏勘探工作的深入,在塔河外围斜坡区发现了断溶体油藏岩溶储层新类型。顺北1井区是中石化顺北油田主力产区,为典型断溶体油藏。该区先后经历一间房组顶面准同生岩溶作用、良里塔格组顺层-断裂控储岩溶作用、前志留系桑塔木组覆盖埋藏岩溶作用和海西晚期二叠系热液岩溶改造4个期次。其中对本区一间房组顶面以下80~120 m放空漏失段起控制作用的为良里塔格组顺层-断裂控储岩溶期。同时研究认为顺北1井区断溶体油藏发育的必要条件是发育区域大型走滑-拉分断裂,拉分段的杂乱反射体横向规模大,纵向发育深度深,是优质高产储集体;强挤压逆冲段杂乱反射呈夹板状,横向延展范围较窄,储集空间次之。      

大跨度钢、木混合结构屋盖设计并基于实例分析对抗震性能的研究

为有效提高建筑中屋盖的抗震性能、节约建筑施工成本,深入研究大跨度钢、木混合结构屋盖的抗震性能。基于一个工程实例对该问题进行研究。分析从基本周期与抗侧刚度比、地震作用估算、承载力设置、抗震变形验算、连接与基础设计五个测试参数展开,在此基础上确定预应力拉索的地震响应及张拉控制应力。设计的混合屋盖是使用4道X形布置的屋面预应力主索与外柱斜拉索结构,这样是确保屋盖结构在地震下能够有效工作,根据该结构结合一工程实例展开大跨度钢、木混合结构屋盖抗震性能测试。实验结果表明,大跨度钢、木混合结构屋盖相对单一结构屋盖而言,抗震性能更强;同时实例分析表明,在多向地震输入下大跨度钢、木混合结构屋盖的各个构件中,内柱是抗震性能较弱的部位。     

水平浅埋条形锚板极限抗拔力上限计算

作为一种提供抗拔力的基础形式,锚板在实际工程中有广泛的应用。在上限定理的基础上,根据线性破坏准则,对锚板上的填土建立机动容许的速度场,运用关联流动法则以及速度边界条件求解条形锚板极限抗拔力的上限解。把锚板上填土的抗剪强度指标c、? 作为变量参数,对锚板上部填土建立两种新的含有变量的容许速度场。根据外力功率与内部耗能相等原理,求出极限抗拔力的目标函数与约束条件,并根据“序列二次规划算法”对该问题进行优化。将研究结果与已有文献资料进行分析比较,可以证明本文方法的有效性。参数分析结果表明：在同样条件下,两种破坏模式的极限抗拔力差别不大;岩土体密实度、抗剪强度指标c、?、锚板埋深率和锚板几何形状对锚板承载能力和锚板抗拔破坏区域均有较大的影响。     

The Generation of Kimberlites, Lamproites, and their Source Rocks

Measurements of rare earth element (REE) concentrations in SouthAfrican kimberlites and in the Argyle lamproite from WesternAustralia constrain the composition of the source rocks fromwhich these melts originate. To account for the concentrationsof Tm, Yb, and Lu in these magmas, their sources must firsthave been strongly depleted by 20% melting in the garnet stabilityfield, and then enriched by a metasomatic melt rich in lightREE and other incompatible elements. The calculated source compositionsclosely resemble those of coarse, low-temperature, depletedperidotite nodules that are the commonest nodules in kimberlites.Rarer nodule types have undergone either more or less depletionthan have the source regions of kimberlites and lamproites.The REE composition of the metasomatic melt calculated fromthe diopsides and garnets in the sheared nodules, from the diopsidemegacrysts, and from majorite garnet inclusions in diamonds,is in excellent agreement with that expected for a melt producedby melting 0.5% of the source region of ocean ridge basalts.The initial depletion event requires the extraction of 20% meltfrom a region in which garnet and chrome-spinel were stable.The melt distribution obtained from inversion of komatiite compositionssatisfies both these conditions. Kimberlite source rocks areshallower than the layer from which fertile nodules originate.Such nodules must therefore be transported by entrainment ofthe lower boundary of the layer that becomes unstable. Thisproposal can account for their strong fabric.     

南京新济洲湿地生态恢复研究

以新济洲湿地为例,研究了长江洲滩湿地生态恢复的内涵,提出了生态恢复工程方案。新济洲湿地位于长江下游南京市江宁区段,由于自然因素和人为因素的影响,该湿地结构和功能发生了明显的变化。通过对新济洲湿地的野外研究,分析了退化湿地生态系统的特征,从湿地生境、生物、结构与功能方面阐述了生态恢复的总体构想,研究了湿地恢复的工程手段与可持续利用模式。新济洲湿地生境恢复包括栖息地、基底、水体和土壤的恢复;湿地生物恢复途径有提高植被覆盖率、控制外来物种和保护野生动植物;湿地结构与功能恢复内容包括生态序列重建,生态系统、湿地景观与生物多样性恢复。湿地恢复的工程手段有景观建设、功能区建设、生态定位站、血吸虫防治、植被移植、防护林和河道整治等;湿地可持续利用模式包括桑基鱼塘、生态农业与生态旅游。     

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSAL CURRENTS IN THE PALEOGENE OF THE TARCAU VALLEY (EASTERN CARPATHIANS)

In the Paleogene of the Tarcä Valley (Rumania) the largest part of the thick-bedded and coarse-grained material was supplied by longitudinal paleocurrents from a distant source. The longitudinal supplies were independent of the lateral ones.     

A distinct δ13C decline in organic lake sediments at the Pleistocene-Holocene transition in southern Sweden

Values of δ¹³C obtained from conventional bulk sediment radiocarbon dates encompassing the Pleistocene Holocene boundary have been compiled and plotted against ¹⁴C age. In all. 286 lake sediment dates from southern Sweden in the range 8.000 to 13.000 BP have been evaluated. A significant decrease in δ¹³C values, initiated shortly before 10.000 RP and amounting to 5%, is distinguished. This change is accompanied by increased limnic productivity. decreased erosive input and increased organic carbon content of the sediments. A probable explanation for the δ¹³C decline in organic material is decreased importance of dissolution of silicates at the transition to the Holocene. During the Late Weichselian. extensive weathering of exposed minerogenic material with subsequent input of bicarbonate to the lake water may have caused a relative enrichment of ¹³C in dissolved inorganic carbon. Furthermore, the early Holocene increase in terrestrial vegetation cover probably led to an increased supply of ¹³C depleted carbon dioxide to the lake water by root respiration. Altered limnic vegetation, presumably towards increased production of phytoplankton. could also have contributed to the observed decreasing δ¹³C trend. The importance of these processes compared to other possible influencing factors. mainly endogenic carbonate production and changes in the global carbon cycle. is discussed.     

广东野外雷电综合观测试验十年进展

雷电野外科学试验是认识雷电发生、发展物理过程及其致灾机理的重要途径,也是开展真实雷电电磁环境下雷电防护技术测试的重要方式。自2006年开始,中国气象科学研究院和广东省气象局在广州野外雷电试验基地,持续合作开展了雷电野外综合观测试验,在人工触发闪电和自然闪电物理过程及其雷电防护技术测试试验等方面取得了若干研究结果。十年期间共成功触发闪电94次,回击电流峰值最大值为42 kA,平均值为16 kA;分析给出了自然闪电预击穿过程电场变化脉冲特征类型和差异;观测发现高建筑物上行连接先导可达几百米甚至超过1 km,其发展速度可达106 m/s量级,下行先导与上行连接先导的连接呈多样性;雷电防护技术测试试验表明人工触发闪电近距离电磁场耦合在架空线路上的感应电压达到千伏量级,多回击、长连续电流和地电位抬升是造成浪涌保护器(SPD)损害的主要因素;闪电定位系统探测性能的评估结果显示粤港澳闪电定位系统的闪电和回击的探测效率分别为96%和89%,定位误差算术平均值为532 m,回击电流强度的估算值约为真实值的0.63倍。     

微波消解-直角加速飞行时间电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定烟叶中砷铅镉汞

对某省5个产地21种烟叶样品用微波密闭消解,电感耦合等离子体直角加速时间飞行质谱(ICP-oaTOF-MS)测定砷、镉、汞、铅的含量。对称样量、微波消解及质谱检测参数、同位素及内标、方法准确性及可行性进行了研究,确定了最佳的实验条件。标准曲线的相关系数>0.9998,方法回收率为91.49%～106.25%,精密度(RSD)<2%,检出限为0.093～0.168μg/L。对在同一品种、同一部位、不同地区的烟叶样品进行测定,结果显示各地区样品中被测元素的含量存在较大差异,As为0.503～1.737 mg/kg,Pb为1.826～4.969 mg/kg,Cd为0.656～2.641 mg/kg,Hg为0.042～0.584 mg/kg;As、Hg含量差异较小,Pb、Cd含量差异较大。相比于其他分析方法,ICP-oaTOF-MS适合对浓度低至ng/L级超痕量组分的分析,具有简便快速、准确、灵敏度高、检出限低等优点,可用于烟叶重金属的检测及质量控制,对于判断烟株的丰缺情况、鉴别烟叶制品的品质具有一定的意义。     

Low‐dimensional representation of error covariance

Ensemble and reduced‐rank approaches to prediction and assimilation rely on low‐dimensional approximations of the estimation error covariances. Here stability properties of the forecast/analysis cycle for linear, time‐independent systems are used to identify factors that cause the steady‐state analysis error covariance to admit a low‐dimensional representation. A useful measure of forecast/analysis cycle stability is the bound matrix , a function of the dynamics, observation operator and assimilation method. Upper and lower estimates for the steady‐state analysis error covariance matrix eigenvalues are derived from the bound matrix. The estimates generalize to time‐dependent systems. If much of the steady‐state analysis error variance is due to a few dominant modes, the leading eigenvectors of the bound matrix approximate those of the steady‐state analysis error covariance matrix. The analytical results are illustrated in two numerical examples where the Kalman filter is carried to steady state. The first example uses the dynamics of a generalized advection equation exhibiting non‐modal transient growth. Failure to observe growing modes leads to increased steady‐state analysis error variances. Leading eigenvectors of the steady‐state analysis error covariance matrix are well approximated by leading eigenvectors of the bound matrix. The second example uses the dynamics of a damped baroclinic wave model. The leading eigenvectors of a lowest‐order approximation of the bound matrix are shown to approximate well the leading eigenvectors of the steady‐state analysis error covariance matrix.