地理现象的可分割性质

在过去几年里,分割的概念引起了人们的极大关注。其主要思想起源于地图数据研究,而且它的很多应用继续牵涉到空间现象。在对比例尺的答复、自相似和空间循环细分三个标题下,我们回顾了地理学与分割的关联。分割度大小为表现制图综合效果特性和评价以空间样本为预告对象所推出的数据表示提供了手段。分割表面自相似特性,使得它如同在地貌过程研究中开始的或不存在的假设景观一样有用。空间现象的广泛变化,据统计,在许多规模上被证明是自相似,使人想起了像地理范围那样的比例尺依存关系的重要性。在文章三分之一的篇幅里,循环细分被证明是导致用数字形式表示空间数据的新奇和有效方法,并成为空间组织常见模型的特征。我们断定,分割被作为考虑空间形式传统方法重要变化,同时,与其说是提供了空间现象新的和重要的规范与标准,倒不如说提供了以经验为根据的可证实模型。     

A 2D finite volume model for bebris flow and its application to events occurred in the Eastern Pyrenees

FLATModel is a 2D finite volume code that contains several original approaches to improve debris-flow simulation. Firstly, FLATModel incorporates a ＂stop-and-go＂ technique in each cell to allow continuous collapses and remobilizations of the debris-flow mass. Secondly, flow velocity and consequently yield stress is directly associated with the type of rheology to improve boundary accuracy. Thirdly, a simple approach for entrainment is also included in the model to analyse the effect of basal erosion of debris flows. FLATMODEL was tested at several events that occurred in the Eastern Pyrenees and simulation results indicated that the model can represent rather well the different characteristics observed in the field.     

根据红外光谱分析和分子轨道计算结构建立的钠长石熔体中水溶解机…

Ｈ２Ｏ－和Ｄ２Ｏ－ＮａＡｌＳｉ３Ｏ２玻璃的红外光谱与无水钠长石玻璃的红外光谱之间有两大差别：一量有许多由数个Ｏ－Ｈ伸缩振动引起的高于３０００ｃｍ＾－１的谱带出现，二是在含水玻璃红外光谱中的９００ｃｍ＾－１附近出现一个谱肩。未发现因Ｄ－Ｈ置换而引起的９００ｃｍ＾－１谱肩的频率偏移。根据我们的红外光谱和分子轨道计算结果，以及以前的ＮＭＲ和喇曼光谱，我们得出结论：Ｈ２Ｏ－钠长石玻璃的振动光谱中９００ｃｍ     

微动勘查技术在地热勘探中的应用

随着能源改革进一步推进,地热能这种中深层清洁能源的勘探开发利用迫在眉睫,目前勘探开发利用重点在中深层位,且主要在城区,限制了常规地震、大地电磁等物探方法的使用,需引进新方法。本文通过微动勘查技术在某城区开展相关实验,对比以往高精度重力、大地电磁测深、地热孔等资料,验证了本次微动实验成果,解释推断的地层划分和构造位置与已知资料基本吻合,值得进一步研究和推广,对实现微动勘查技术在中深层地热能源快速勘探开发具有重要意义。     

博斯腾湖水矿化度趋势面分析初探

本文采用多项式作为趋势面分析数学模型,对博斯腾湖1984年湖水矿化度初步分析表明,博斯腾湖水矿化度分布主要受入湖盐分,入湖水流及湖水循环的影响。同时趋势面显示了入湖盐分及水流的运动路径和扩散情况,从而给出了它们的水文动态特征,取得了比较理想的拟合结果,这是以往传统方法难以实现的。     

Marine risk assessment: linear alkylbenzenesulponates (LAS) in the North Sea

The fate of linear alkylbenzenesulponates (LAS) in estuaries and coastal areas of the North Sea has been characterized with simple environmental models. The predicted concentration range in the estuaries around the North Sea (0.9-9 microg LAS l(-1)) was validated by monitoring data (1-9 microg LAS l(-1)). In offshore sites of the North Sea, it is estimated--and experimentally verified for a few sites--that the LAS concentration is below analytical detection limit (i.e., 0.5 microg LAS l(-1)). The effects of LAS on marine organisms have been reviewed. For short-term acute tests, there was no significant difference (p = 0.83) between the mean LC50 values of freshwater and marine organisms (mainly pelagic species tested, 4.1 and 4.3 mg LAS l(-1), respectively). For longer-term chronic tests, it appeared that the sensitivity (mean no-observed effect concentration (NOEC) value) of marine and freshwater organisms (0.3 and 2.3 mg LAS l(-1), respectively) was significantly different pt-test = 0.007). The predicted no-effect-concentrations (PNEC) were 360 and 31 microg LAS l(-1), for freshwater and marine pelagic communities, respectively. Given that the maximum expected estuarine and marine concentrations are 3 to > 30 times lower than the PNEC, the risk of LAS to pelagic organisms in these environments is judged to be low.     

Analyses of organic and inorganic contaminants in Salton Sea fish

Chemical contamination of fish from the Salton Sea, a quasi-marine lake in Southern California, could adversely impact millions of birds using the Pacific Flyway and thousands of humans using the lake for recreation. Bairdiella icistia (bairdiella), Cynoscion xanthulus (orangemouth corvina), and Oreochromis spp. (tilapia) were sampled from two river mouths and two nearshore areas of the Salton Sea. Muscle tissues were analyzed for a complete suite of 14 trace metals and 53 pesticides. Fish muscle tissues had concentrations of selenium ranging between 1.89 and 2.73 microg/g wet weight. 4,4'-DDE accounted for 94% of the total DDT metabolites. Total DDTs ranged between 17.1 and 239.0 and total PCBs between 2.5 and 18.6 ng/g wet weight. PCB congeners 132, 138, 153, 168, and 180 comprised over 50% of the total PCBs. Given the potential implementation of a commercial fishing at the Salton Sea in the future, the presence of persistent organic pollutants and selenium warrants further research into the effects of these mixtures on fish populations, and on wildlife and humans consuming fish.     

基于电缆地层测试资料储层有效渗透率计算方法研究

电缆地层测试资料能够提供地层冲洗带单点的流度,流度是 DST 测试外最优的储层渗流特征参数.然而测压流度与 DST测试渗透率往往不匹配,影响储层产能评价和下一步作业的决策.为此,在电缆地层测试资料流型判断及流度计算的基础上,选取同时存在球形流流动及径向流流动的样本点,利用球形流流度分别建立了油气在２种模式下的视径向流计算方法,实现了对于径向流流型不存在的测压点视径向流流度的求取.最后将求取的径向流流度经过区域相渗资料以及流体黏度处理,得到有效渗透率计算公式,实现了由测压流度到地层有
效渗透率的转化.实际应用结果表明利用测压资料换算得到的气相有效渗透率与试井渗透率符合良好,在不同渗透性地层均取得了较好的应用效果.      

“三中”股长——记修武县国土资源局执法监察股股长孙三中

"他工作扎扎实实,业务知识——中!""他工作兢兢业业,为工作奉献精神——中!""他待人实实在在,在同事们之间人缘——中!"在修武县国土资源局,领导和职工一致这样评价一个人。他就是该局执法监察股股长孙三中。相貌普通的他有一颗完美的心"他工作扎扎实实,业务知识——中!"这是领导和同事们对他的一贯肯定。     

圣安德烈斯断层的强度

在过去25年里,对沿加利福尼亚州的圣安德烈斯断层系的运动速率和长期地震记录的认识已显著提高了。这些认识使得对地震发生概率,尤其是30年周期概率的长期估计成为可能(Working Group on California Earthquake Probabilities,1999)。但是,我们对断裂产生的物理过程的了解仍然非常不足——关于短期预报的可行性问题、一个断层产生地震是否会增加另一断层