静压桩承载力时间效应的研究进展

由于静压桩沉桩后桩周土重塑,静压桩承载力表现出随着休止期的延长而增长的特性。本文从静压桩沉桩后桩周土体内孔隙水消散固结的角度出发,对静压桩承载力时间效应的理论和试验分别进行归纳,结合孔隙水消散路径及固结模型,对桩周土体初始超静孔隙水压力大小及其分布特征进行总结,分析承载力各种测试方法的优缺点,对静压桩承载力的时效性进行深化研究,并探讨了不同地质条件、不同桩的类型对休止期内静压桩承载力的影响,进一步对基于实测数据得出的经验公式进行总结。讨论了基于不同本构关系模型的应力场及位移场解答和沉桩后孔隙水压力消散解答,在此基础上总结了桩基极限承载力理论公式;探讨了黏性土、砂土条件下,考虑超固结比、不排水抗剪强度和塑性指数比对桩基极限承载力系数A的影响,在此基础上归纳了桩基极限承载力经验公式。建议在经验公式基础上设置多重参数,以提升经验公式的精确度,并完善对不同桩、土类型的参数解答;利用BP神经网络,导入静压桩承载力相关参数,以得到针对不同地质条件、桩型、休止期的承载力最优解。     

Analysis of boundary friction effect on the homogenization process of compacted bentonite/claystone mixture with technological voids upon hydration

Pre-compacted MX80 bentonite/Callovo-Oxfordian (COx) claystone mixture has been proposed to backfill and seal the underground galleries for radioactive waste disposal in France. While emplacing these pre-compacted blocks, technological voids are created between the blocks and the host rock and among the blocks themselves. It is expected that homogenization process will take place over time for the structure constructed with pre-compacted blocks upon hydration. This study investigated the boundary friction effect on such a process. Results showed that after the filling of technological voids, the soil far from the technological voids would swell further, while those near the voids would be compressed under the welling pressure generated by the soil behind, resulting in an increase in homogeneity in terms of dry density distribution. However, this homogenization process would stop after a certain time. Further examination showed that the homogenization process ended when the maximum boundary friction force became equal to or higher than the vector sum of swelling forces in the radial direction. Based on the force equilibrium and the mass conservation, the final dry density distribution was estimated. Comparison between the estimation and the measurement showed a good agreement, indicating the relevance of the identified mechanism related to boundary friction.

     

Sensitivity assessment of strontium isotope as indicator of polluted groundwater for hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids produced in the Dameigou Shale of Qaidam Basin

Hydrogeochemical processes that would occur in polluted groundwater and aquifer system, may reduce the sensitivity of Sr isotope being the indicator of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids(HFFF) in groundwater. In this paper, the Dameigou shale gas field in the northern Qaidam Basin was taken as the study area, where the hydrogeochemical processes affecting Sr isotope was analysed. Then, the model for Sr isotope in HFFF-polluted groundwater was constructed to assess the sensitivity of Sr isotope as HFFF indicator. The results show that the dissolution can release little Sr to polluted groundwater and cannot affect the εSr(the deviation of the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratio) of polluted groundwater. In the meantime, cation exchange can considerably affect Sr composition in the polluted groundwater. The Sr with low εSr is constantly released to groundwater from the solid phase of aquifer media by cation exchange with pollution of Quaternary groundwater by the HFFF and it accounts for 4.6% and 11.0% of Sr in polluted groundwater when the HFFF flux reaches 10% and 30% of the polluted groundwater, respectively. However, the Sr from cation exchange has limited impact on Sr isotope in polluted groundwater. Addition of Sr from cation exchange would only cause a 0.2% and 1.2% decrease in εSr of the polluted groundwater when the HFFF flux reaches 10% and 30% of the polluted groundwater, respectively. These results demonstrate that hydrogeochemical processes have little effect on the sensitivity of Sr isotope being the HFFF indicator in groundwater of the study area. For the scenario of groundwater pollution by HFFF, when the HFFF accounts for 5%(in volume percentage) of the polluted groundwater, the HFFF can result in detectable shifts of εSr(ΔεSr=0.86) in natural groundwater. Therefore, after consideration of hydrogeochemical processes occurred in aquifer with input of the HFFF, Sr isotope is still a sensitive indicator of the Quaternary groundwater pollution by the HFFF produced in the Dameigou shale of Qaidam Basin.     

区域自动气象站蓄电池异常状态判别方法

针对天津市一种常见的CAWS600型区域自动气象站对其供电及功耗进行了详细分析,利用对电池放电特性曲线的归一化处理,得到了针对12V38AH铅酸蓄电池的剩余容量估算方法,同时利用该站蓄电池工作电压的统计规律,提出了针对蓄电池工作电压的极值判定、时间/空间一致性质量控制方法,并对2017年逐10min观测数据进行检验。检验结果显示,文章提出的质量控制方法可以有效识别出蓄电池异常站点,针对2017年个站蓄电池持续放电情况可提前10d定位。     

宗日遗址人骨的稳定同位素分析

利用C和N稳定同位素分析方法研究了青海宗日遗址先民的食谱,探讨了先民的经济模式以及食谱变化趋势。所有人骨骨胶原中的C,N含量以及C/N摩尔比,均表明样品保存较好,可用作食谱分析。骨胶原的δ¹³ C值和δ¹⁵ N值分析显示,先民主要以C₄类植物为食,也摄取一定量的肉食,反映了以粟、黍等为主食而渔猎为辅的生活方式。性质未明墓葬与宗日墓葬之间存在的较大食谱差异,可能与其来自不同文化密切相关。宗日遗址在发展过程中,先民食谱中C₄植物增加而肉食类减少,反映了农业加狩猎采集的混和经济模式向稳定农业模式转变的趋势。     

镜泊湖火山监测台网监测能力初步分析

介绍了镜泊湖火山台网的组成,并对其监测能力进行了初步估算,结果表明,镜泊湖火山台网的近震监测能力完全满足设计要求,在距台网中心50km范围内,ML0以上地震都能准确定位。     

利用Windows XP实现单位业务的远程处理

计算机远程控制是地震台站的未来发展方向,利用Windows XP可以实现单位业务的远程处理,切实提高工作效率。     

型钢混凝土梁柱框支剪力墙结构抗震性能试验研究

框支剪力墙结构在实际工程中经常被采用,震害表明钢筋混凝土框支剪力墙结构抗震性能较差,本文提出型钢混凝土梁柱框支剪力墙结构对此加以改进。作者进行了4个1/4缩尺模型在竖向荷载和单调及低周反复水平荷载作用下的对比试验,其中3个试件采用型钢混凝土转换梁、型钢混凝土框支柱,1个试件采用钢筋混凝土转换梁、钢筋混凝土框支柱。我们分析其承载力、刚度、变形、延性和破坏形态等。试验结果表明,型钢混凝土梁柱框支剪力墙结构承载力高、延性好、滞回曲线丰满,变形能力和耗能能力较强。     

消能减震高层方钢管混凝土框架结构振动台试验研究和弹塑性时程分析

本文首先介绍了一幢安装了粘滞阻尼器的复杂体型高层方钢管混凝土框架结构的1/15缩尺模型的模拟地震振动台试验结果;在此基础上,建立了梁、柱构件的多弹簧模型并组建了整体结构的计算分析模型,运用此计算模型首先对试验模型结构进行了动力弹塑性时程分析,计算结果和试验结果吻合较好,验证了计算模型的正确性;最后,以同样方法对原型结构进行了计算分析,并结合试验结果研究探讨了此结构的抗震性能和阻尼器的消能减震效果。结果表明:该结构未出现明显的薄弱层,能够满足规范的抗震设防要求,阻尼器发挥了一定的消能减震效果,进一步提高了结构的抗震性能。     

辽东的主要剪切带及其金矿化特征

辽东地区构造上位于辽中—吉南元古宙活动带西南部,为胶辽克拉通金矿床分布比较集中的地区。金矿化作用发生于古元古宙变质沉积岩和花岗片麻岩的韧性及脆-韧性剪切带之中,剪切活动与成金事件具同时性关系。矿化剪切带分为3大系统,其中近东—西向和北东—南西向两大系统发育于辽河群分布区,其受控于岩石非均匀性,分别借助于早(吕梁)期S₁(≈S₀)和S₂或D₃剪切带而形成,剪切活动(构造事件)与成金事件主要发生于印支运动;丹东韧性剪切带及其相关构造为本区最重要的含矿系统,矿床均顺主构造线分布,并规律性地受控于其次级构造,剪切带的形成和成金事件均在燕山运动时期。本区提供了一个特殊的克拉通成矿作用格局:容矿岩石时代老,成金事件时代新。