春末环贝加尔湖地区环流的年际和年代际变化及与中国温度和降水的关系

本文利用1951~2011年的再分析资料及观测资料,探讨了春末环贝加尔湖地区环流的年际和年代际变化特征及其与中国温度、降水的关系,主要结论如下:(1)春末贝加尔湖脊(简称贝脊)在1951~1979年间较弱,但在1980~1999年期间显著增强。进入21世纪后,春末贝脊呈显著减弱的趋势;(2)强(弱)贝脊使我国北方地区的温度显著升高(降低),使西南地区的温度降低(升高)。贝脊的强弱变化,对北方地区温度的影响在1951~1979年期间最为显著,对西南地区温度的影响在1980~2011年期间显著。在1951~1999年期间,贝脊的强弱变化与长江下游的降水量存在明显的反位相变化关系。进入21世纪后,贝脊的强弱变化与西南地区降水量之间存在较为显著的正相关关系(99%置信度);(3)强贝脊与由北大西洋/欧洲上空向东传播的定常行星波密切相关,而弱贝脊主要与欧亚大陆次极区纬向伸展的行星尺度脊相联系。在不同的年代际时段,与贝脊强弱变化相联系的北半球异常环流特征也存在一定的差异;(4)5月份的强贝脊环流以前期的北大西洋涛动、东大西洋型以及弱东亚大槽环流为前兆信号。同年3月乌拉尔山气旋式异常环流为5月份贝脊弱的前兆信号。     

Large-Scale Circulation Features Typical of Wintertime Extensive and Persistent Low Temperature Events in China

A pair of northeast-southwest-tilted mid-tropospheric ridges and troughs on the continental scale was observed to be the key circulation feature common among wintertime extensive and persistent low tempera-ture events (EPLTE) in China.During the persistence of such anomalous circulations,the split flow over the inner Asian continent and the influent flow over the southeast-ern coast of China correspond well to the expanded and amplified Siberian high with tightened sea level pressure gradients and hence,a strong,cold advection over south-eastern China.The western Pacific subtropical high tends to expand northward during the early stages of most EPLTEs.     

Interannual variability of summer rainfall over the northern part of China and the related circulation features

In this study, interannual variability of summer rainfall over the northern part of China (NPC) and associated circulation patterns were investigated by using long-term (1961–2013) observational and reanalysis data. Two important NPC rainfall modes were identified by empirical orthogonal function analysis: the first is characterized by an almost uniformly distributed rainfall anomaly over most parts of the NPC, while the second shows rainfall variability in Northeast China (NEC) and its out-of-phase relationship with that in North China (NC) and the northern part of Northwest China. The results also suggest that the NPC summer rainfall anomalies are also closely associated with those in some other parts of China.It is revealed that the circumglobal teleconnection pattern associated with the anomalous Indian summer monsoon (ISM) and the Polar/Eurasia (PEA) pattern work in concert to constitute the typical circulation pattern of the first rainfall mode. The cooperative engagement of the anomalous ISM circulation and the PEA pattern is fundamental in transporting water vapor to the NPC. The study emphasizes that the PEA pattern is essential for the water vapor transport to the NPC through the anomalous midlatitude westerly.In the second NPC rainfall mode, the typical circulation pattern is characterized by the anomalous surface Okhotsk high and the attendant lower tropospheric circulation anomaly over NEC. The circulation anomaly over NEC leads to a redistribution of water vapor fluxes over the NPC and constitutes an out-of-phase relationship between the rainfall anomalies over NEC and NC.     

夏季中国华北与印度降水之间的关联及其成因分析

本文基于1951~2012年的再分析资料以及站点观测资料,针对中国华北夏季降水和印度夏季风降水的协同变化(正相关)关系,利用集合经验模态分解法(EEMD)对两个降水序列进行时间尺度分解,并在年际尺度上分别考察了对两者正相关关系形成的有利和不利环流形势.结果表明,印度夏季风降水和华北夏季降水序列的较好正相关关系主要来自周期为2~3年的年际尺度分量,两者在该时间尺度上的相关系数为0.34,达到99%的信度水平.在年际尺度上,与印度夏季风降水异常有关的对流层中高层环半球遥相关型(CGT)波列能够衔接伊朗高原和环渤海地区上空的同位相环流异常(反气旋式或气旋式),从而有利于华北夏季降水和印度夏季风降水之间的协同变化.然而,这一协同变化关系并不总是成立.当伊朗高原上空异常中心的位置偏西时,CGT波列无法形成.这时,即使印度夏季风降水出现显著异常,华北地区却易受东亚—太平洋型或西太平洋型遥相关型的影响而其降水形势可能与印度夏季风降水形势相反.这些结论有助于进一步理解印度夏季风降水与华北夏季降水的正相关关系,从而对华北夏季降水的预测具有参考意义.     

2021年“7.20”河南暴雨水汽输送特征及其关键天气尺度系统

本文重点分析了2021年“7.20”河南暴雨水汽输送特征、水汽来源以及关键天气尺度系统。双台风“烟花”和“查帕卡”以及西太平洋副热带高压共同为“7.20”河南暴雨提供了充足的水汽条件。然而,就暴雨的水汽供应而言,仅以台风和西太平洋副热带高压的作用难以解释2021年7月20日发生的日降水量663.9 mm和1小时最大降水量201.9 mm的极端暴雨事实。水汽通量分析和LAGRANTO模式轨迹分析结果表明,20日在河南南侧形成了一个很强的经向水汽通量带（850 hPa以上）,它与台风和西太平洋副热带高压引起的低层水汽通量带在河南附近汇合,为暴雨提供了最为充沛的水汽条件。我们强调,20日在河南以西地区上空发生了对流层顶反气旋式波破碎事件,它与台风协同作用,引发了河南南侧的强经向水汽通量,从而导致此次极端暴雨事件。     

The Cold Vortex Circulation over Northeastern China and Regional Rainstorm Events

In this study,regional rainstorm events (RREs) in northeastern China associated with the activity of the Northeastern China Cold Vortex (NCCV) were investigated on a medium-range time scale.The RREs occurring in northeastern China could be categorized into three groups according to the distribution of heavy rainfall.The largest cluster is characterized by the rainstorm events that occur on the northwestern side of the Changbai Mountains along a southwest-northeast axis.These events occur most frequently during the post-meiyu period.The authors place particular emphasis on the RREs that belong to the largest cluster and are closely associated with the activity of the NCCV.These RREs were preconditioned by the transportation of substantial amounts of water vapor to which the anomalous western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) contributed.The attendant anomalous WPSH was primarily driven by the anomalous transient eddy feedback forcing the nearby East Asian jet.The development of the NCCV circulation was concurrent with the RREs and acted as their primary causative factor.A perspective based on low-frequency dynamics indicates that Rossby wave packets emanated from the blocking-type circulation over northeastern Asia led to the development of the NCCV activity.     

2008年初我国南方雨雪低温天气的中期过程分析III：青藏高原-孟加拉湾气压槽

针对2008年1月24日～2月2日我国南方地区雨雪低温过程,分析了其中期演变特征及其可能机理。在亚非副热带地区,Rossby波能量从北非东北侧传播到东亚地区,引起青藏高原附近气压槽的加深和西太平洋副热带高压的加强及北扩,并与亚洲北部的高压脊配合,造成了这次较长时间的雨雪低温过程。东北大西洋和西欧的反气旋式异常环流为亚非副热带急流Rossby波与欧亚高纬度Rossby波活动的主要波源区。在对流层上层,贝加尔湖一带的高压脊在过程之前已形成,而在这次过程中缓慢减弱,来自上游Rossby波能量主要起抵消摩擦耗散的作用。西太平洋副热带高压在偏北位置上维持主要由来自青藏高原和孟加拉湾地区Rossby波能量的注入所致。亚洲冷高压系统的强度、位置及形态决定了这次我国南方地区低温过程的重要特性。     

亚洲中高纬环流春夏季节转换过程的关键特征

亚洲中高纬环流春夏季节转换是亚洲大陆上发生的不同区域春夏季节转换中的一个重要组成部分,它为江淮流域梅雨形势的建立提供必要的中高纬环流条件.但是关于其独特性和关键特征,迄今为止尚没有系统性的总结.本文利用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料Ⅰ的逐日数据,分析和总结了这一春夏季节转换过程的关键特征.亚洲中高纬环流春夏季节转换以50...     

夏季中国华北降水、印度降水与太平洋海表面温度的耦合关系

本文基于1951~2014年的站点观测资料以及再分析资料,应用多变量经验正交分解法（MEOF）研究了年际尺度上华北夏季降水、印度夏季降水与海表面温度之间的耦合关系（主要模态）。结果表明:当印度夏季降水偏强时,若同期夏季赤道中东太平洋海温表现为La Ni?a位相,则西太平洋暖池对流加强,副热带高压偏西偏北,有利于华北夏季降水与印度夏季降水一致增强。反之,当印度大部降水偏弱时,若同期夏季赤道中东太平洋海温表现为El Ni?o位相,则华北夏季降水和印度夏季降水一致减弱。然而,两地夏季降水的协同变化关系并不总是成立。当赤道中东太平洋海温异常随时间演变表现为冬春El Ni?o衰减型时,伴随着印度洋偶极子（IOD）正位相的衰减过程,这会减弱东亚夏季风,使得华北夏季降水偏少。此时印度半岛夏季降水增强区集中在其西部,无法形成连接印度和华北夏季降水异常的环半球遥相关（CGT）波列,可能使得华北夏季降水异常与全印度夏季降水异常成相反形势。这些结论揭示了中国华北夏季降水、印度夏季降水和海表面温度之间的耦合关系,有助于进一步理解海温外强迫对两地夏季降水之间相关关系的作用,从而对华北夏季降水的预测具有参考意义。     

Two Types of Arctic Oscillation and Their Associated Dynamic Features

In this paper,the dynamical evolutions of two types of Arctic Oscillation (AO),the stratospheric (S) and tropospheric (T) types,have been investigated on an intermediate time scale in terms of transient eddy feedback forcing and three-dimensional Rossby wave propagation.S-Type (T-type) events are characterized by an anomalous stratospheric polar vortex that is in phase (out of phase) with its tropospheric counterpart.Approximately onethird of AO events,both positive and negative,are T-type events.For the positive phase of a T-type event,the formation and maintenance of stratospheric positive anomalies over the polar cap are associated with an upward propagation of Rossby wave packets originating from the near-tropopause altitude over northeastern Asia.However,such upward propagating features are not found for S-type events.In the troposphere,transient eddy feedback forcing is primarily responsible for the meridional seesaw structure of both the S-and T-type events,with an additional contribution from Rossby wave propagation.