重特大自然灾害综合评估

2021年7月,中国河南省遭遇极端强降雨天气,出现大范围洪涝灾害,河南省内各级交通网受到严重影响。为了快速、准确地获取极端气候条件下自然灾害对大范围交通网造成的损坏和运行影响情况,对哨兵1号、高分三号卫星遥感影像、欧洲中期天气预报中心的降雨和水汽数据、地质灾害调查数据等多源数据进行分析与融合,提出了大范围洪涝灾害影响下的交通网受损快速评估技术体系框架,解析了此轮河南暴雨引发的洪涝灾害发展过程,并评估了洪涝灾害对交通道路网危害及后续次生灾害的风险,利用空间可达性模型对路网受损后的连通性水平进行了评估。结果显示：此次洪涝灾害具有累计降雨量极大、高度集中且降水范围广的特点,河南省郑州市及周边地区的洪涝受灾面积约3 800 km²;三门峡市、登封市山区次生滑坡灾害发生可能性极高;公路交通网受洪涝灾害影响的道路总里程约为1 300.46 km;郑州等五市的公路网连通性下降了21.27%左右。其中,高速公路、国道、省道的连通性分别下降了34.22%、13.78%和14.86%。     

东南沿海中生代火山岩带地球化学特征

中国东南沿海位于太平洋板块和欧亚板块的结合处,广泛分布着中生代火山岩,并伴随有大规模的成矿作用。酸性火山岩占绝对优势,基性中性火山岩仅零星出露。酸性和中性火山岩为一套富碱、富钾、富铝、低钛的高钾钙碱性系列,基性火山岩为一套富硅贫碱的高钾和中钾钙碱性系列。从基性到酸性火山岩稀土分馏和铕的负异常逐渐加剧。基性火山岩贫Nb、Zr、Y,弱富集Ba、Hf、Th、Ce。中性火山岩和酸性火山岩贫Ba、Ti、P、Nb、Zr、Ta、Sr,强烈富集Pb。通过主量、微量和稀土元素的研究认为,基性火山岩和酸性火山岩为独立的岩浆起源,在中生代,东南沿海广泛存在着玄武岩的底侵作用,给下地壳提供了大量的热源,从而诱发了下地壳重熔,形成了大量的酸性火山岩。中性火山岩由酸性和基性岩浆混合形成,其地球化学特征主要受酸性岩浆的制约。     

RELATION BETWEEN RAPID UPLIFTING AND GRAVITATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM ,TECTONICS AND THERMODYNAMIC EFFECT IN QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU

RELATION BETWEEN RAPID UPLIFTING AND GRAVITATIONAL EQUILIBRIUM ,TECTONICS AND THERMODYNAMIC EFFECT IN QINGHAI—TIBET PLATEAU     

CO<Subscript>2</Subscript>-rich fluid inclusions with chalcopyrite daughter mineral from the Fenghuangshan Cu–Fe–Au deposit,China: implications for metal transport in vapor

CO₂-rich fluid inclusions containing opaque mineral crystals were found in the Fenghuangshan skarn-porphyry Cu–Fe–Au deposit in Tongling, Anhui, China. These inclusions show variable CO₂ contents and are accompanied by aqueous inclusions, both occurring as secondary inclusions in quartz and being locally associated with chalcopyrite mineralization. Laser Raman microspectroscopic analyses confirm the predominance of CO₂ in the vapor and the presence of H₂S as high as 8 mol%, and identify the opaque mineral with yellow reflectance color in the inclusions as chalcopyrite. More than half of the CO₂-bearing inclusions contains chalcopyrite, whereas few of the associated aqueous inclusions do so. The chalcopyrite, occupying less than 1% (volume) of the inclusions, is interpreted to be a daughter mineral, and calculated Cu concentrations in the inclusions range from 0.1 to 3.4 wt%. Copper is inferred to have been transported in CO₂-dominated fluids as HS⁻ complexes. The occurrence of chalcopyrite daughter crystals in CO₂-rich fluid inclusions indicates that CO₂-rich vapor has the capacity of transporting large amounts of Cu, and possibly Au. This finding has significant implications for metal transport and mineralization in hydrothermal systems enriched in CO₂, such as orogenic-type and granitic intrusion-related gold deposits.     

Study of radioactive status in the Zhujiang Estuary and adjacent sea area in South China Sea (SCS)

Through the investigation on radioactive activities of water, sediment and some marine organismsin the Zhujiang Estuary, adjacent sea area and the distributary mouths of the Zhujiang River, activities of total α. radioactivity, total β radioactivity, artificial radioactive 90Srand 157Cs, and factors inflencing the distribution and the content of U in seawater are studied.The mainly radioactive pollution substances and their sources in the sea area are studied by γ spectra obtained from sediment in the sea area. The results show that the main radioactivity substances are natural radioactivity U,Th series and 40K. which were produced by the modern industry and transported into the sea through the main current of the Zhujiang River.     

联合卫星测高技术的船载声呐测深测线密度设计

针对目前船载声学海深测量技术应对大面积海域海底地形数据获取效率仍然较低的问题,提出了联合卫星测高技术的船载声呐测深测线布设技术方案;并结合目标海域重力数据复杂程度,给出了满足海底地形模型构建精度需求的测线密度布设指标.首先利用导纳函数反演方法恢复实验中16块海域海底地形;然后联合水深测量控制点,应用自适应测线密度计算方法得到各区域的最佳测线布设密度指标;最后选择目标海域7个重力异常特征参量为参考,引入主成分分析法探讨了各区域的重力数据复杂程度.实验结果表明,目标海域重力数据复杂程度与最佳船测海深测线密度存在较强的相关性.在三等海道测量精度标准下,不同复杂程度区域的测线密度存在1'～9'的较大差别,复杂区域需要布设的测线明显较密.     

中国北方煤矿区碳酸盐岩供水水文地质勘探类型及勘探方法研究

本文根据作者多年勘探实践,在总结分析近30个供水勘探成果的基础上,对我国北方煤矿区碳酸岩供水水文地质勘探类型;类型划分;供水水文地质勘探的基本特点与原则;不同勘探类型的勘探任务和勘探方法进行了深入探讨。     

浅埋硬土层小截面短桩沉桩分析

在地层比较特殊的地段,往往由于经验及对地质情况认识不深而出现沉桩困难、桩头开裂等现象。文章针对浅埋硬土层采用小截面短桩情况,应用静力触探测试指标计算沉桩阻力,结合考虑桩身强度的方法进行沉桩分析,并统计了不同锤型入持力层不同深度的实际锤击数,为以后类似工程的选锤提供参考。     

内蒙古中部地区古冰缘研究

在描述和分析内蒙古中部地区古冰缘基本特征的基础上，对砂多边形的成因，时代及反映的古环境进行了深入探讨，确认研究区内广泛发育的砂多边形为古冰楔，古冰楔可划分为两期，它们是末次冰期两个冰缘阶的产物，时代分别为距今３６０００－３８０００ａ和４１０００－４５０００ａ，古冰楔的存在说明研究区在末次冰期时处理于严寒的冰缘环境中。     

鄂尔多斯盆地生烃过程与流体流动及铀矿化关系

鄂尔多斯盆地是我国有机能源矿产重要产区,作为铀成矿省的重要性备受关注。鄂尔多斯盆地铀矿化与烃类的关联性不断被认知,但从盆地流体动力学角度开展的研究鲜见。先前的研究表明,铀矿化在侏罗系上部地层的优先定位机制与还原渗出流和氧化渗入流两种流体系统的混合界面密切相关,混合界面的位置受控于流体超压力与地势差的相互作用。流体超压力...