Particle swarm optimization for numerical bifurcation analysis in computational inelasticity

An efficient and robust algorithm to numerically detect material instability or bifurcation is of great importance to the understanding and simulation of material failure in computational and applied mechanics. In this work, an intelligence optimizer, termed the particle swarm optimization, is introduced to the numerical solution of material bifurcation problem consisting of finding the bifurcation time as well as the corresponding bifurcation directions. The detection of material bifurcation is approached as a constrained minimization problem where the determinant of the acoustic tensor is minimized. The performance of the particle swarm optimization method is tested through numerical bifurcation analysis on both small and finite deformation material models in computational inelasticity with increasing complexity. Compared with conventional numerical approaches to detect material bifurcation, the proposed method demonstrates superior performance in terms of both computational efficiency and robustness. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE GEOSTROPHIC ADJUSTMENT PROCESS

In this paper,a numerical simulation of the geostrophic adjustment process with C-grid network is illustrated.A difference scheme which has the energy and potential vorticity conserving relation consistent with the differential equations is given,and the effect of some time difference schemes on dispersion of the gravity-inertia wave is discussed.An improved forward-backward time integration scheme is proposed for keeping the computational stability.The effect of various boundary conditions for a finite region model On the gravity-inertia wave is shown by some calculated results.     

湖泊底泥环保疏浚决策研究进展与展望

环保疏浚的决策研究主要涉及"是否疏浚"、"疏浚多少"、"如何疏浚"、"能否疏浚"等问题,关系到工程是否立项、资金投入、工艺选择和疏浚效果等.本文首先简要回顾了50年来环保疏浚研究和发展历史,系统总结了国内外在针对湖泊富营养化、潜在生态风险以及湖泛污染控制方面开展环保疏浚的研究进展,分析了疏浚决策理念的差异和需要完善的问题.然后就疏浚工程量设计,分析了湖泊环保疏浚区域的选定和疏浚面积的确定方法和实例,围绕环保疏浚深度的确定,介绍和分析了视觉分层法、拐点法、背景值法、标准偏差倍数法、频度控制法、生态风险指数法、分层释放法和吸附解析法等方法及其优缺点.接着总结了应用不同工艺疏浚过程中产生的底泥扩散、泄漏和残留原因及影响方面的研究成果,提出了疏浚决策对疏浚工艺的选用要求.最后从重视疏浚后环境效果的过程回溯、悬浮态颗粒物影响以及实质性融入生态风险理念等方面,对湖泊环保疏浚决策的研究进行了展望.本文认为,湖泊的疏浚效果未达到预期多与忽视决策研究有关.决策上的主观性和任意性,不仅可能造成资金的浪费,还容易造成生态环境效益的损害.湖泊的环保疏浚不可能一劳永逸,也不是每个污染的湖泊都需要或可以采用疏浚方...     

基于GSI的华南地区对流尺度快速循环同化预报试验

针对对流尺度快速循环同化系统多次循环同化带来的预报效果改进和资料应用问题,利用GSI同化技术和WRFARW区域模式,设计了华南地区对流尺度快速循环同化方案,对2016年4月17一18日华南地区的飑线天气强降水过程进行模拟试验,分析不同循环同化方案和雷达径向风资料同化对雷达回波、相对湿度、降水量级等的预报效果,以期提高华南地区飑线强降水过程预报技巧。检验结果表明:尽管只同化常规资料对预报效果的改进有局限性,但是多次循环同化对于模式预报的降水有一定改善作用;同时同化雷达径向风资料与常规资料对湿度和降水等模拟技巧均有所提高,大雨以上量级的ETS评分改进尤为明显;尽管模式模拟降水峰值小于真实观测值,但同化雷达径向风资料有效改善了飑线最强时段内的垂直上升速度,使得强降水发生时间和强度更接近真实观测。     

地缘政治环境中的情景分析：中国的视角

地缘政治环境具有不确定性,难以用简约化理论和量化手段来应对,故尝试运用情景分析法来阐释其在地缘政治环境中的适用性。情景分析法是一种对未来可能出现的多种状况进行描述的方法,具有应对地缘政治环境的不确定性和弥补简约化理论解释和预测能力不足的功能。基于地缘政治想象,地缘政治行为主体进行的地缘政治实践改变了既有地缘政治状态的结果,从而引起地缘政治环境的变化。以此为背景将情景分析法应用于分析中国周边地缘政治环境,预测可能会出现中美竞合、中美俄日印五强博弈、部分周边国家游离于大国间、朝越菲等弱国逞强等四种常规情景和领土争端引发领土战争、美国军事手段消除朝鲜核威慑、朝鲜半岛冲突引发大国对抗等三种突发情景以及“一带一路”倡议下的周边命运共同体情景。     

东巢湖沉积物—水界面氮、磷、氧迁移特征及意义

以东巢湖近城市湖湾沉积物为研究对象,在沉积物氮、磷营养盐分析的基础上,采用沉积物柱状芯样静态释放模拟法定量评估研究区域沉积物—水界面氨氮、溶解性活性磷酸盐营养盐释放潜力,利用微电极非损伤测定技术获得沉积物—水微界面溶解氧(DO)剖面分布及微界面DO消耗和扩散特征.结果表明:东巢湖近城市湖湾沉积物氮、磷污染物蓄积量较高,受TN、TP污染程度较重.沉积物内源氨氮、磷酸盐释放明显,平均释放速率分别达到32.44 mg/(m²·d)和1.25mg/(m²·d),区域内沉积物已成为水柱中氮、磷营养盐的污染源.研究区域上覆水体处于好氧状态,沉积物—水微界面平均DO穿透深度(OPD)达到5.3 mm,平均DO扩散通量为4.56 mmol/(m²·d),表现出良好的DO扩散能力.沉积物内源氨氮和磷酸盐释放能力与表层沉积物TN/TP物质含量及沉积物—水微界面DO穿透深度有关,在沉积物氮、磷污染较重的情况下,DO穿透深度越低越有利于氮、磷污染物从沉积物向上覆水体释放.     

藻源性湖泛发生过程CDOM变化对水色的影响

利用Y-型沉积物再悬浮发生装置模拟湖泛发生过程,分析其中有色可溶性有机物(CDOM)的变化特征及其对水色的影响.结果表明,藻类死亡过程消耗大量的氧气,水中溶解氧在短时间内消失殆尽,形成厌氧环境;并同时分解产生大量CDOM,使得水中CDOM显著增多.前期阶段,CDOM浓度随时间一直升高,第6 d时CDOM浓度达到峰值,CDOM在443 nm处的吸收系数a_g(443)为4.48 m^-1.水体黑度值(FeS浓度)呈先增大后减小的趋势,最大值0.35mmol/L同样出现在第6 d,整个过程中,CDOM浓度和黑度值变化趋势一致,a_g(443)与水体黑度呈显著正相关.利用Hydrolight和CIE颜色匹配函数模拟不同梯度的CDOM对水色的影响,发现随a_g(443)增大,水体颜色也逐渐由绿色转为棕色,整体向长波方向移动,水色逐渐变暗.因此,可以认为CDOM浓度变化是引起湖泛水体发黑的重要原因之一,可作为定量监测湖泛强度的指示性参数.     

基于PSO-MLSSVR的土体参数反演方法在深基坑工程中的应用

为了确保基坑工程安全,常常会采用数值模拟的方法预测支护结构的位移,其中岩土体力学参数的选取对于结果的影响最大.本文使用了一种粒子群(PSO)算法结合多输出最小二乘支持向量回归机(MLSSVR)的基坑土体参数位移反分析法,以深圳某深基坑的支护桩顶水平位移监测数据为依据,基于正交设计生成具有代表性的土体参数组合,通过有限元...     

Vertical physicochemical parameter distributions and health risk assessment for trace metals in water columns in eastern Lake Tanganyika,Tanzania

The vertical distributions of trace metals and physicochemical parameters in water columns in Kigoma Bay and Kungwe Bay in eastern Lake Tanganyika, Tanzania, were studied. The Al, Ba, Ca, Co,K, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Sn, Sr, and V concentrations were low and varied very little with depth. The toxic heavy metal(As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) concentrations were relatively high in the surface water, and the Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations decreased with depth. Principal component and cluster analyses indicated that the metals in the lake had three main sources. Al, Ba, Ca, Co, Cu, Cr, Mn, Sr, Sn, and V were found to be geogenic; As, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sn and Zn anthropogenic; and As, Ca, Co, Mg, and Na biogenic.Human health risk assessments were performed, and it was found that trace metals in the water at most of the sampling sites would cause no potential adverse ef fects or non-carcinogenic health risks through dermal contact or ingestion. However, trace metals in surface water in Kungwe Bay could have certain adverse ef fects on human health through the ingestion pathway(the total hazard quotient for ingestion(ΣHQi ng)was 1.75(a value >1 was de?ned as possibly indicating adverse ef fects). The Pb HQi ng for surface water in Kungwe Bay was 1.50 and contributed >80% of the ΣHQ_(ing_, implying that Pb pollution is a water quality and safety problem that needs to be carefully monitored and the potential sources identi?ed.     

中纬度平均经圈和纬圈环流维持的物理过程(二)

大尺度扰动的感热和动量输送是紧密联系的.在准地转运动中,大尺度涡动输送可分解为平衡输送和不平衡输送.在北半球冬季纬向风系和副热带高压带维持的过程中,中纬度不平衡涡动输送,以及与之相联系的平均经圈环流所造成的垂直输送,起着十分重要的作用.这时水平输送和垂直输送本身就处在内在联系之中.并且这种输送过程是和温度槽落后于流场槽的斜压扰动相联系的. 当把大气运动分解成垂直平均的正压动能和垂直切变的斜压动能时,可以更细致地了解中纬度大气环流能量转化的规律.我们进一步讨论和计算了中纬度北半球冬季能量转换的过程.