Constructing geo-information sharing architecture

IntroductionAlong with the development of computer andInternet technology , GIS applications are be-coming broad increasingly ,geo-information sha-ring are of increasingi mportance ,and geo-infor-mationinteroperabilityis the trend in the futureGIS applica…     

A high-precision heuristic model to detect home and work locations from smart card data

Smart card-automated fare collection systems now routinely record large volumes of data comprising the origins and destinations of travelers. Processing and analyzing these data open new opportunities in urban modeling and travel behavior research. This study seeks to develop an accurate framework for the study of urban mobility from smart card data by developing a heuristic primary location model to identify the home and work locations. The model uses journey counts as an indicator of usage regularity, visit-frequency to identify activity locations for regular commuters, and stay-time for the classification of work and home locations and activities. London is taken as a case study, and the model results were validated against survey data from the London Travel Demand Survey and volunteer survey. Results demonstrate that the proposed model is able to detect meaningful home and work places with high precision. This study offers a new and cost-effective approach to travel behavior and demand research.     

基于Auto CAD.NET API的DWG文件坐标变换的研究及实现

针对工程实践中不同坐标系下DWG数据相互变换的实际需要,通过对DWG数据存储组织结构以及AutoCAD.NET API的深入研究,采用平面四参数转换方法,基于Visual Studio 2010和AutoCAD 2008开发平台,成功开发了DWG数据坐标变换程序。以沈阳市1∶500比例尺、1954北京坐标系的DWG数据为例,实现了不同坐标系下DWG数据的互相变换,并对变换后的数据进行了要素检查和精度分析。结果证明,采用基于AutoCAD.NET API二次开发的技术能够很好地满足DWG数据在不同坐标系下互相变换的应用需求,大大地节省了工作时间,提高了工作效率。     

基于XML的元数据技术在GIS中的应用

阐述了元数据的概念,介绍了目前国际上的几种元数据标准,分析了地理空间元数据技术在地理信息系统的重要地位,并结合具体的项目实践经验阐述了在地理信息系统中使用XMLSchema表示元数据结构、使用XML对象表示元数据、使用XML编辑器编辑元数据以及在关系数据库中使用树形拆分法存储元数据的方法。     

EDMI最高可能达到的精度 (测距精度)的检测

规范明确规定对投入使用的光电测距仪必须对其进行检测,只有这样才能保证测距成果的可靠性.本文主要通过检测测距仪各项误差,得出测距仪最高可能达到的测距精度,使操作者在使用此测距仪的过程中明白对各项误差应采取怎样的措施,充分发挥测距仪的精度潜力.     

DETECTION OF FOREST FIRE IN DA HINGGAN LING REGION BY METEOROLOGICAL SATELLITE

From May 6 to June 2,1987,a huge forest fire broke out and raged for 28 days in Da Hinggan Lingregion in far Northeast China,causing heavy loss of life and property,which claims the biggest forest firedisaster in Chinese history.The fire drew attention of the whole of China and was also concerned by manyother countries.How were the meteorological satellites used in the detection of the forest fire?This paperelaborates the principles and methods of the fire detection using meteorological satellites,so that to sum upthe experience and to increase the ability of forest fire detection.     

Occurrence and characteristics of sporadic sodium layer observed by lidar at a mid-latitude location

Na lidar observations of SSL during the past 5 years at a mid-latitude location (Wuhan, China, 31°N, 114°E) are reported in this paper. From 26 SSL events detected in about 230 h of observation, an SSL occurrence rate of 1 event/9 h at our location was obtained. This result, combined with that reported by Nagasawa and Abo (Geophys. Res. Lett. 22 (1995) 263) at Tokyo, Japan, reveals that the SSL occurrence can be relatively frequent at some mid-latitude locations. The statistical analyses of main parameters for the 26 SSL events were made, and the results were compared with those previously reported. By examining the corresponding data from a nearby ionosonde, it was found that there was a fairly good correlation between SSL and Es. Of the 18 pairs of SSL and Es events checked, 15 of SSL were accompanied by Es, and 8 pairs of them were correlated within 1 h in time and within 5 km in altitude. From the analyses of observed perturbations during SSL development, the role of dynamic processes of atmosphere in the SSL formations were emphasized.     

IGCP448：岩溶生态系统全球对比研究进展

综述了IGCP 448项目"全球岩溶地质及有关生态系统对比"(2000-2004)执行四年来所取得的学术成果.其中比较重要的新认识有:(1)岩溶地区的植被,常常是涵养水分,增加含水层的贮水能力,改善水文生态环境的重要因素,但在澳大利亚南部岩溶区广泛分布的桉树,则以其强烈的蒸发作用,而被用于降低地下水位,防治土壤盐碱化;(2)在北方(Boreal) 或温带湿润气候生态区,地下岩溶系统则被用于排除沼泽地区过多积水,偏碱性的碳酸盐岩也有利于中和酸性环境,凡是岩溶发育的地方,都成了主要农业基地;(3)通过洞穴探险发现一类完全不同于靠光合作用产生有机质的生物群--化学自养微生物(甲烷菌);(4)中国西南典型岩溶区的研究表明,表层土壤微生物可以加速碳酸盐岩的溶解作用,并揭示了植物根系与土壤微生物是产生碳酸酐酶(CA)的两个重要供给源.     

轴压下两体力学模型的转化条件及影响因素分析

接触界面的相互作用是影响工程稳定的重要因素,基于接触面两侧介质的实际受力状态,采用一体两介质力学模型与两体两介质力学模型加以描述。通过一体和两体模型试件的轴压破坏试验,分析了两种模型的力学响应的差异,并认为：一体两介质力学模型在符合一定条件情况下可以转变为两体两介质力学模型。此外,还对影响两种力学模型性能的参数进行了分析。提出对一体两介质力学模型力学性能产生影响的参量是低强度介质与高强度介质的静载极限强度比k以及两种介质之间的黏结力c;对两体两介质力学模型力学性能产生影响的主要参量除了k之外,尚有两种介质的断裂韧度比? 、体积比? 以及界面的粗糙程度     

Lateral extrusion along the Altyn Tagh Fault,Qilian Shan (NE Tibet): insight from a 3D crustal budget

The lithospheric strike‐slip Altyn Tagh Fault has accommodated hundreds of kilometres of displacement between the Qaidam and Tarim blocks since its Eocene reactivation. However, the way the deformation is accommodated in the Qilian Shan and further east remains uncertain. Based on 360 km of north‐eastward migration of the relatively rigid Qaidam block along the Altyn Tagh Fault and 3D isovolumetric balancing of the crustal deformation within the Altyn Tagh Fault–Qilian Shan system, we demonstrate that 250 ± 28 km (43.8–49.4%) of N20E directed crustal shortening and an additional ~250–370 km of eastward motion of the Qilian Shan crust must be accounted for by strike‐slip faulting in the Qilian Shan and crustal thickening in the Qinling area, as well as by extension in the adjoining North China block graben systems.